手机模型的UG建模与CAM加工【说明书+UG】
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各类毕业设计课程定做 Q号是1714879127 该论文含配套的图纸(需购买) 南京理工大学泰州科技学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院(系): 机械工程学院 专 业: 机械工程及自动化 姓 名: 徐 星 学 号: 0601510157 (用外文写)外文出处: Digital System Development Trend 附 件: 1.外文原文 2.外文资料翻译译文 指导教师评语:此翻译文章较详细地介绍了数控系统在平面磨床上的应用现状与发展,阐述了数控系统主要参数,并对平面磨床数控系统的性能进行了介绍,翻译用词基本准确,文笔也较为通顺,具备一定的英语阅读能力。 签名: 年 月 日注:请将该封面与附件装订成册。附件1:外文资料翻译译文数控系统在平面磨床上应用现状与发展趋势现代工业生产中,中、小批量零件的生产占产品数量的比例越来越高,零件的复杂性和精度要求迅速提高,传统的普通机床已经越来越难以适应现代化生产的要求,而数控机床具有高精度、高效率、一机多用,可以完成复杂型面加工的特点,特别是计算机技术的迅猛发展并广泛应用于数控系统中,数控装置的主要功能几乎全由软件来实现,硬件几乎能通用,从而使其更具加工柔性,功能更加强大。制造业的竞争已从早期降低劳动力成本、产品成本,提高企业整体效率和质量的竞争,发展到全面满足顾客要求、积极开发新产品的竞争,将面临知识-技术-产品的更新周期越来越短,产品批量越来越小,而对质量、性能的要求更高,同时社会对环境保护、绿色制造的意识不断加强。因此敏捷先进的制造技术将成为企业赢得竞争和生存、发展的主要手段。计算机信息技术和制造自动化技术的结合越来越紧密,作为自动化柔性生产重要基础的数控机床在生产机床中所占比例将越来越多。一、数控平磨现状及主要数控系统 平面磨床相对于车床、铣床等采用数控系统较晚,因为它对数控系统的特殊要求。近十几年来,借助CNC技术,磨床上砂轮的连续修整,自动补偿,自动交换砂轮,多工作台,自动传送和装夹工件等操作功能得以实现,数控技术在平面磨床上逐步普及。在近年汉诺威、东京、芝加哥、及国内等大型机床展览会上,CNC磨床在整个磨床展品中已占大多数,如德国BLOHM公司,ELB公司等著名磨床制造厂已经不再生产普通磨床,日本的冈本、日兴等公司也成批生产全功能CNC平磨,在开发高档数控平磨的同时,积极发展中、低档数控平磨。 前几年德国ELB公司生产的BRILLIANT系列二坐标CNC成型磨床,其垂直和横向为数控轴,纵向为液压控制,砂轮修整采用安装在工作台上的金刚石滚轮,适用范围较广;SUPER-BRILLIANT系列是三坐标CNC平面和成型磨床,床身用天然花岗岩制成,几何精度极高,导轨用直线滚动导轨,机械驱动无反冲,从而保证工件有较好的表面光洁度;BRILLIANT-FUTURE为以上二个系列的改进产品,床身用人造花岗岩制作,纵向用静压导轨,齿形带传动,垂直和横向导轨为预加荷直线滚动导轨,滚珠丝杠传动,三轴CNC控制AC伺服电机,0.5m的测量分辨率。同时ELB公司开发了具有当代最新技术的磨床产品,即以机电一体化和计算机技术为基础的CAM-MASTER系列柔性磨加工单元,CAD-MASTER系列和COMPACT-MASTER系列磨削加工中心,控制轴最多可达到24轴,另外由于全面推行模块化设计,使专用磨床制造周期缩短,ELB公司还开发了多种高效专用磨床,如SFVG100/2专用磨床,具有可倾斜磨头,连续修整,缓进给,斜切入磨削功能,用十一根CNC控制轴,如同一台磨加工中心。英国JONES&SHIPMAN公司与美国A-B公司开发了A-B8600数控系统用于FORMAT5型数控平磨,由CNC控制液压阀,驱动纵向可调速运动,横向与磨头进给用滚珠丝杠副,直流伺服电机驱动,间断式砂轮修整,CRT图形模拟显示。同时还可以配用其他型号的数控系统,以满足不同用户的要求。目前,随半导体集成度的不断提高,新推出的系统在外型上越来越小,结构上越来越紧凑,功能上增加了远程通讯,远程诊断,多机联网等等;操作界面向WINDOWS系统靠近,增加鼠标,摇控器等操作件。FANUC公司今年主要推出18I、16I、20I、21I系统,SIEMENS是840D、810D、802D均为结构紧凑型系统。还有一些厂商如:台湾精密机械研究发展中心开发的PA8000NT系列CNC控制器,就使用了WINDOWS NC操作系统,和NT即时多工处理核心,单节程序处理速度达2000块/秒,单节预读处理数可达1000块,具有AART(预适应调节技术)及参数最佳化学习功能,可使跟随误差趋近于零,软件加工路径滤波器可降低切削过程中,因加速度变化过大所产生的机械共振,从而改善表面粗糙度;配用伺服灵活,具备+、-10V类比伺服界面,同时提供国际标准的SERCOS数字伺服通讯界面;PLC程序设计有梯形图、结构语句、功能块、指令码、流程图等五种语法,便于设计、沟通和维护;具有计算机远程通讯,即时远程维护功能;控制轴和主轴最多可扩展到64轴,I/O点可扩展到792/528点,采用奔腾处理器,高速PLC处理速度达到25K。 世界上除有名的SIEMENS、FANUC等数控系统专业厂已经开发生产了许多适用于平面或成型磨削的系统外,一些平磨生产厂本身也积极开发了适用于其磨床的数控系统。主要有:西门子公司的SINUMERIK 840D 系统,该系统具有二十多根伺服轴,坐标连续行程控制,手动数据输入或通过外部计算机输入,远程诊断,可随砂轮直径减小而变化行程,砂轮修整量自动补偿,滚珠丝杠间隙误差补偿等。 西门子3G系统是专为磨削加工而开发的,装有用来人机对话的操作提示装置,在轴线倾斜时,也可进行直线和圆弧插补,在磨削中经常出现的运行循环,如主轴摆动,用外部信号中断执行程序,砂轮切入,砂轮修整等专用准备功能,编制固定循环程序。其不仅能使用外部测量装置(开关信号),还能当连接上一个合适的测量头时能直接去控制装置与最终尺寸进行比较。 美国ALLEY-BRANDLY公司生产的8400CNC、8600CNC数控系列,适用于车床、铣床和磨床,其8400CNC最多可控制6根伺服轴,任2轴可进行圆弧插补,任3轴可进行螺旋线插补,6轴直线插补。8600CNC系列最多能控制17个坐标,包括8个参与插补轴,8个位控制轴及1个主轴,具有图形显示,扩展分支程序,显示加工时间,高速程序校验,刀具寿命监测等功能。 日本FANUC公司开发了OG高速高性能数控系统,其中O-GSG适用于平面磨床,可根据磨削零件不同形状,有四种不同的磨削方法,具有砂轮轴角度倾斜控制功能,荒磨、粗磨、精磨、无火花磨削一整套磨削循环,砂轮滚压修整后位置补偿功能,修整器相对于被修整轮法线方向控制功能,修整滚轮外缘圆弧半径补偿功能,砂轮形状图形显示功能及磨削参数显示等,系统最小设定单位0.1m,属紧凑型数控系统,价格较低。 另外还有如德国ELB公司与大学联合研制的UNICON系统。日本大隈铁工所OSP5000G-G,OSP30-NF等自行开发的平面和成型磨削数控系统,其OSP5000G-G最多可控制9个坐标,其中6个坐标可联动,带12英寸彩显,人机对话编程,自动确定切削系数,可采用软盘输入,纳入FMS系统,最小脉冲当量、移动当量和检测当量均为0.1m,平磨上还采用了感应同步器全闭环方式。 还有的平磨制造厂虽采用数控主机厂的系统,但自行开发软件,使用之更适合平面和成型磨削,如德国JUNG公司以西门子SINUMERIK 810 为基础,采用该公司专用软件,用JUNG KONTUR 编程语言对砂轮进行成型修整,并有图形辅助操作功能。日本冈本公司在FANUC公司数控系统硬件上,开发了OPL语言用于磨削加工,等等。 当今直线电机、动平衡等技术、工艺的日益发展应有,又大大提高了机床的工效,适宜的测量技术应用对数控系统的开发利用,增强机床的电气自动控制功能如虎添翼。二、国内数控平磨的发展我国从80年代开始生产数控平面磨床,各开发厂家分别走过了自行研制,与大学及科研单位合作开发至直接引进成熟数控系统的发展道路。例如:杭州机床厂是一家具有五十年历史,专业生产平面磨床的制造厂,它从80年代中期开始生产数控平磨,先后开发生产了MGK7132卧轴矩台高精度平磨,MK7130系列普通数控平磨,MLK7140数控缓进给成型磨,MGK7120、MK7163、MK7150卧轴矩台数控平磨,MKY7760立轴数控双端面磨,MKY7660、MKY7650/101卧轴数控双端面磨,以及HZ-K1610,HZ-K2010,HZ-050 CNC,HZ-KD2010、HZ-K3015、HZ-K3020、HZ-K4020等专用数控龙门式平面与导轨磨床。数控系统的开发应用,有与大专院校及科研单位合作研制的单板机系统,也有自行开发的以单片机为主机的简易控制系统,及采用数控主机厂生产的成熟数控系统等。 其生产的MGK7120高精度平磨,采用了日本FANUC公司的POWER MATE-D双轴数控系统,控制磨头进给,最小进给量0.1m,具有自动完成磨削循环功能。 MKY7650/101全自动数控双端面磨床是与意大利VIOTTO公司技术合作产品,采用西门子SIMATIC S5-115U可编程控制器控制,CRT显示,机床的左、右磨头由二轴直流伺服电机驱动,机床能进行手动调整和自动磨削循环选择。配有意大利马尔波斯E9型测量系统,二个测量头,一个测量砂轮,将砂轮磨损量反馈给控制系统,进行砂轮补偿;另一个测量头测量磨削后的工件,并将测量结果输入控制系统,由伺服电机进行补偿进给;左、右磨头用VIOTTO光栅作位置测量控制,实现了整机从工件上料到磨削完毕的全闭环和全自动加工。 HZ-050CNC数控直线滚动导轨专用磨床,是为上海市科技结合生产重点工业项目第三次科技攻关项目而开发的专用磨床。既具有平面磨削功能又有成型磨削功能,它采用了美国A-B公司生产的8400MP数控系统,机床有7根数控轴,X、Y、Z三根磨头进给轴和U、V、W三根砂轮修整轴由系统直接控制,另一轴Q为卧式砂轮横向进给(磨削平面用)通过SLC可编程控制器加IMC定位模块,由系统I/O口输入8400MP主机,控制其位置,具有在磨削中连续修整砂轮或间隙式砂轮修整补偿进给等自动加工能力。 HZ-KD2010六轴数控龙门式双磨头平面磨床,采用FANUC-0MC数控系统,用四根CNC轴分别控制两个磨头的横向和垂直进给,用一根PMC轴控制周边磨头的砂轮修整器金刚笔进给,另一根PMC轴控制万能磨头的分度旋转。充分利用了系统性能,降低生产成本,提高了机床的性价比。 三、我厂数控磨床的发展展望 我厂数控磨床发展到现在,已经具有了相当的实力,作为主机生产厂,我们的数控系统应有开发,已经走过了从完全依赖系统供应商到自己初步具有一般开发能力的过程,但数控系统的应用尚在提高机械传动链性能、替代机械手轮、简单加工循环阶段,与先进水平相比,还有着许多差距,在机床的精度、自动化功能、加工效率、可靠性等方面都有许多需要提高、突破的问题,有待解决。我认为应该对厂目前生产的各类产品的各种结构、产品的使用工艺加以总结,分析其长短得失,产品究竞要实现怎样的自动功能,如何逐步发展有个规划,以利学习和工作;重视数控软件的开发,有条件引进技术或外派学习,跟上发展潮流,硬件上结合市场需要,在产品制造中将新技术、新功能逐项实践应用,以缩小与世界先进水平的差距。 随着数控系统性能与可靠性的提高,价格更趋合理,使数控磨床与普通磨床的比价为广大用户所接受,同时随着先进制造与自动化技术在生产中的要求提高,数控磨床的使用也将越来越广泛。数控平磨及其它磨床将向加工柔性更好的高档磨加工中心和更加高效的专用数控磨床方向发展。我们相信伴随着计算机、信息技术革命的深入,数控磨床在其智能化、系统信息控制等方面,将会有很大的进步。如何紧跟历史前进的步伐,找到适合于我们自己特点的发展道路,寻找技术进步的突破点,是我们工作的重点,因为这是关系到企业未来发展及生存的关键问题。附件2:外文原文Digital System In The Horizontal Grinder Application of The Status Quo And Development Trend Modern industrial production, small and large parts for the production of products of the increasing proportion of parts complexity and precision requirements rapidly increase, the traditional general machine tools has become increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of modern production, and a high-precision CNC machine tools, high-efficiency, the use of a machine can complete complex type face processing characteristics, in particular the rapid development of computer technology and the widespread use of digital systems, digital devices from almost all major software functions to achieve, almost to a hardware, thereby making it more flexible processing, functional stronger. Manufacturing competition from lower labour costs early, product cost and improve their overall efficiency and quality of competition, to meet customer demands comprehensive, actively develop new products competitive, will face knowledge - technical - updated products has become shorter and shorter, an increasing number of small products, and the quality, performance requirements are higher, Meanwhile community to environmental protection, the growing awareness of green manufacturing. Therefore advanced manufacturing technology will be quickly won the competition and survival of the enterprise, the principal means of development. Computer information technology and manufacturing automation technology more closely integrated, flexible production automation as an important foundation for digital machine in the production of machine tools to share more. First, digital Ping finds the status quo and digital systems primaril. First, digital Ping finds the status quo and digital systems primarily. Horizontal grinder compared to the lathe, milling machine, using digital systems later, the special requirements because of its digital systems. In the past decade, with the technical facility, grinder, the grinding wheel for repair, automatic compensation, automatic exchange grinding wheel, and more workstations, such as automatic transmission and Zhuangjia working inoperable realized, and digital technology in the horizontal grinder, gradually spread. In recent Hanover, Tokyo, Chicago, and other large domestic machine tool exhibition, CNC grinder throughout the grinder, for the majority of the exhibits, such as Germany Blohm company ELB companies such famous grinder factories no longer produce ordinary grinder Japanese Forces, Japan, the company also Hing bulk production facility-wide functional ping himself. in the development of high-grade digital ping himself while actively developing, low digital ping himself. German production company a few years ago ELB brilliant series two coordinates facility shaped grinder, the vertical and horizontal axis for digital, vertical for hydraulic control, grinding wheel repair work platform installed in a roller diamonds, the application of broader; SUPER-BRILLIANT series is one-dimensional and shaped grinder Sanzuobiao facility, the beds are manufactured using natural granite, high geometric accuracy, slide away from straight rolling guide, driving without recoiling machinery, thus ensuring a better working surface smoothness; BRILLIANT-FUTURE series of improvements to the above two products, using artificial granite bed was produced by static pressure vertical guide, Chixing belt transmission, vertical and horizontal guide for pre reinforced straight rolling guide, Gunzhusigang transmission, three-axis CNC control AC servo electrical, measuring 0.5 m 16ug image. ELB company has also developed the latest technology grinder contemporary products, and integration with computer and technology-based series of soft skills CAM-MASTER processing modules CAD-MASTER series and COMPACT-MASTER series grinding processing center, a maximum of up to 24 axis control axis, As the full implementation of modular design and manufacture of dedicated grinder cycle shortened ELB company has also developed a variety of highly efficient dedicated grinder, such as SFVG100/2 dedicated grinder, which will tilt Motou, continuous improvements, to ease into, ramps while grinding function with 11 root axis CNC control, as one finds processing center. British and American companies JONES&SHIPMAN A-B company developed A-B8600 digital systems for digital FORMAT5 type ping himself from the facility hydraulic control valves, driven vertical movement can be governor, to the use of horizontal and Motou into Gunzhusigang deputy, Electrical DC servo-driven, intermittent style grinding wheel repair, CRT graphics simulation showed. Also be used with other types of digital systems to meet different user requirements. Currently, the semiconductor master degrees continual increase in the newly introduced system in the appearance of smaller, more compact structure, functions increased distance communications, remote diagnosis, multiple plane networking etc.; Interface to the Windows operating system to increase the mouse, remote operation of vehicles. Fanuc major company this year launched 18I, 16I, 20I, 21I system Siemens is 840D, 810D, 802D are tight structure type system. There are a number of manufacturers such as : Taiwan Precision Machinery Research and Development Center developed PA8000NT series CNC controls on the use of the Windows operating system of NC, and NT immediate multi-processing core, single-section procedures for processing speed 2,000 pieces / s, single-section pre-1000 time to deal with a few pieces, with Aart (pre-adaptation technologies) and the parameters of the best learning function would follow error convergence to zero, the software processing path filter to reduce machining process generated by the acceleration changes excessive mechanical resonance, thereby improving surface roughness; with the use of servo flexible, with +, -10V analogy servo interface It also provides international standards SERCOS digital servo communications interface design Tixingtu ;PLC procedures, structure expressions, functional pieces, instructions code, flowcharts, five grammar, facilitate design, communication and maintenance; long-range communications with the computer, instant remote maintenance functions; control can be extended to a maximum axle and spindle axis 64. I/O points which can be expanded to 792/528 point, the introduction of Pentium processors, high-speed Plc processing speed to 25K. Apart from the world famous Siemens, Fanuc digital systems, such as professional development and production of the plant has been applied to many horizontal or shaped grinding system, a number of production plants Ping finds itself actively developed application in the digital grinder system. Notably : Siemens SINUMERIK 840D of the system, the system has more than 20 roots servo axis, the coordinates for the trip control, manual data entry or imported through external computer, remote diagnosis may reduce the grinding wheel diameter change itinerary, grinding wheel repair of automatic compensation Gunzhusigang gap error compensation. Siemens 3G system is specifically for grinding and processing development, for both dialogue with the presentation devices operate in axis tilt, can also be straight and arc widely in grinding, recurring operational cycle, such as the main axis swing, and use external signal interruption implementation procedures, grinding wheel cut, grinding wheel repair, and other special functions for the preparation of a fixed cycle procedures. Not only can use its external measurement devices (switches signal), but when connected to a suitable time to first measurement and control devices directly to the ultimate size comparison. American companies ALLEY-BRANDLY production 8400CNC, 8600CNC digital series apply lathe, milling machine and grinder, 8400CNC up to 6 roots servo axis control, the Section 2 axle may drain, the three axis may helix spaced, six axle straight drain. 8600CNC series of coordinates to control 17, including eight in the drain axle, eight spaces control axle and one allegation that a graphic shown that the expansion of branch procedures that processing time, high-speed access procedures, cutlery life monitoring function. Japanese companies developed FANUC OG high-speed high-performance digital systems, which O-GSG applicable to horizontal grinder, the grinding parts under different shapes, four different methods of grinding, a grinding wheel axle angle control function shortage grinding, Cumo, Jingmo, no spark grinding a grinding cycle of grinding wheel flow position after finishing compensation function, Compared to repair vehicles were repaired round normal line direction control functions roller outer arc radius compensation for the rehabilitation of the functional, grinding wheel shape graphics and grinding parameters show that the functional, system smallest unit set 0.1 16ug m, a tight - type digital systems, lower prices. There are also companies such as Germany and the University jointly developed by ELB UNICON system. Japanese big cove ironworker OSP5000G-G,OSP30-NF such as self-development and shaped grinding digital print system, the maximum control OSP5000G-G nine coordinates, which can be linked six coordinates, a 12-inch hall, interactive programming, automatic identification of cutting factor used diskettes imported, into automated systems, the smallest pulse equivalent, the mobile equivalent and testing equivalent 16ug are 0.1 m, Ping himself also used simultaneously by the entire loop detectors. Although there is the ping himself factory using digital Zhujichang system, but self-development of software, use it more suitable for horizontal and shaped grinding, such as German company Siemens SINUMERIK 810 Jung based, the company specialized software used by Jung Kontur programming language for a shaped grinding wheel repair, and graphics supporting operational functions. Japan sincerely companies in Fanuc digital systems hardware companies, the OPL development language for grinding processing, and so on. The linear electrical, balance, technology, the growing due process, and greatly enhance the efficacy of machine tools, the application of appropriate measurement techniques for the development and use of digital systems, machine tools and electrical automatic control functions to redouble their might. Second, the development of domestic digital Ping finds. Since the start of production digital horizontal grinder 1980s, the development of the manufacturers have developed separately, the development of cooperation with universities and research units direct to introduce mature digital systems development. For example : Hangzhou Machine Tool Plant is a history of 50 years of professional graphic grinder of factory production, which began production in the mid-1980s from digital ping himself, has developed a production MGK7132 straight axle rule Taiwan high-precision ping himself, MK7130 series ordinary digital ping himself, MLK7140 digital relief to shape himself into, MGK7120, MK7163, MK7150 straight axle rule Taiwan digital ping himself, MKY7760 vertical shaft digital double carry noodles himself, MKY7660, MKY7650/101 straight axle digital double carry noodles himself, and HZ-K1610,HZ-K2010,HZ-050 CNC,HZ-KD2010, HZ-K3015, HZ-K3020, such as dedicated digital Dragon Gate Type HZ-K4020 horizontal grinder and guide. The development and application of digital systems, developed in cooperation with universities and scientific research units in the Shanbanji system, but also for self-development to the mainframe Chanpianji the simple control system, and the use of digital Zhujichang mature digital production system. Ping finds its production MGK7120 high-precision, the company introduced Japan Fanuc MATE-D purchased digital recording system to control Motou chin, chin to the smallest volume 0.1 16ug m, a complete automatic grinding cycle functions. MKY7650/101 carry noodles grinder is fully automatic digital double technical cooperation with the Italian company Viotto products using Siemens Simatic S5-115U programmable controller control CRT display, machine tools left, right Motou driven by the two axis DC servo electrical, machine tools capable of manual and automatic grinding cycle of adjustment options. Equipped with Italian Maerbosi E9-measurement systems, the first two measurements, a measurement grinding wheel, grinding wheel wear and tear of feedback to the control system, Abrasive Wheels compensation; Another measure after her first measurements grinding, and measurements of the control system into the servo compensation for electrical; Left and right Motou used for position measurement Viotto raster control, Having achieved a whole sets from the expected completion of the entire loop grinding and fully automatic processing. HZ-050CNC digital linear rolling guide dedicated grinder is the Shanghai Science and Technology for the production of key industrial projects in the third research and development project dedicated grinder. Both functional and shaped grinding flat grinding function, and it has adopted the U.S. company A-B 8400MP digital production system, a seven-kan digital axis machine tools, X, Y, Z into three roots Motou to axle and U, V, W 3 root grinding wheel repair axle direct control by the system, Another Q for the horizontal grinding wheel horizontal axis into the (one-dimensional with grinding) through SLC programmable controller plus wife positioning module, the mainframe system I/O imported 8400MP control its position, with continuous improvements in the grinding, grinding wheel or gap-type grinding wheel to repair such automatic processing into compensation. HZ-KD2010 six-axle double-Motou Dragon Gate digital graphic grinder, using FANUC-0MC digital systems, using four roots CNC axis control two separate horizontal and vertical into Motou to use a PMC peripheral Motou control of the grinding wheel axle repair vehicles lords-chin to the other roots PMC axis control Almighty Motou sub-degree rotation. Take full advantage of the system performance, reduce production costs and enhance the Xingjiabi of machine tools. Third, I look at the development of digital grinder. I plant digital grinder development to the present, already has considerable strength as mainframe production plant, our digital systems have developed have come from totally dependent on the system vendor to its initial capacity of a gener
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