跨文化全

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1、跨文化一 名词解释ulur is the depoit of kowledge， xperienc,beliefs,aes, actins, attitdes,meaning, ierchie, eligon, noionof ime, rl, satial elatons,oncepts f he univrse,a artifact cquire y a goup eole thcuseof generatios rogh invida adgoup sriig.ultur ienty refersto os sense of blongin to particla utre or eth

2、nic grup.Ineuturlcommunicaionis cmuitonbetwee eopl hoseuluralrceptin nd ymbol ytem are tnt enough tater te communicaion evtbculture is fomed b grous of eoposesing araceritictraits thtet aat an dstinguish hem frmotherswha argr society o domint cultue.Linguitic baries probms n communictio uetlangue df

3、erencNonrba cmmucaton rfers o the mssageset wthout sin wEhocentris: the bief thatone oncultre is uprior oalothers an i the tnrd b which al other cuture shoud be easrHighpowrdistace: the endnc o ccptthe iequality inpower istrtioLow po istance: the teney to expct equaity i poer distriuionMaslnultres:

4、uture th ae craceiz by aition,assertivnes anddfferent charace lsFeminnulures: cesthatare charcterizd by nurturnghavis， cae nd concern a faxl equlitydividuaiiclus: culturest value evry indiviulsrhts andrecracterized by ndepedny n riacyColecivitic uures： lures that value the collecteinterests of e gop

5、an arechaacterizd yinterdependency and responsibtUncrtinty aoidin ulures: ulurshatten to adisks and enforce les and seuityUncertaintccepticultrs:cultues that like t tak riss and seeknovelty Scil interulturl ustos:sial rules adroutie obere inntraction arossculturIterpersnal relationsh:he scial rlatos

6、hip beweeriend, egue,cassmates, and soon.Acculuraion: the pcess of culurl mdifcain resfcontact with a diferetcultur。Culure shck refersto hetraumaic epeiench n individual may encountrwhe etering a different cuureInponal onicaocompeen: is theabiliy to fnctio fectvel andapprpriatey inn interultura comm

7、unication contex.It invls cognitioaffec anbehvio，whh are ineparable i reality.二 判断正误三 英翻汉,汉翻英临时抱佛脚 to make th las-minute eor马后炮elatd effort守株待兔wit for gais ithou ains二百五 nd, fool五体投地 toadmre s exemely, leheated dire s海纳百川有容乃大cea isvst,fr it refus no rr己所不欲勿施于人 orea othersas you would ik to betreat萝卜

8、青菜各有所爱 es met, antrs pisn借花献佛 borrow sth to make gft of it爱屋及乌 love elove m dog摩拳擦掌 tchthava go 三顾茅庐 repate cal on sb oaskb to tkertain responsibilt做一天和尚撞一天钟t ulfill nes respnsbili psively八仙过海各显神通 to hwns otaents粉墨登场 emkpon a pital ventur过牛郎织女旳生活 metaho o a couple lvin separately捶胸顿足in dpsrrow袖手旁观to

9、stand b and donothing垂头丧气in lo mood/sprit愁眉苦脸 tave a orrie look化干戈为玉帛to ed the war ad srtte peaceen o cloudnine 快乐，兴奋lowo top 怒发冲冠Havaleon n ohand烫手山芋Somethng fs 有猫腻Fair eerfren 酒肉朋友Soot the breze 闲谈p o lp 闭嘴，停止发言To bll ears 洗耳恭听Wsh up 精疲力竭TGIF thans o its Fridy; ST sorry hneytThursda四 CStudyFce te

10、Music: 1. 承当后果(to acep the unleasant esus o nsactons）. 接受惩罚(oreceive unishmt) Play thegame: 遵守规则,按章办事ase1 Ky: Idimatic phrases are ofeiuderstod In Eglish fae te sic mans: to fe th lity and tkeh nsquece； whilepl gam man: abiecoltion rues. He i Limisinterpeedthe ditic phrasesTomused. Fist he tougt tha

11、t To dinttak the ilur of theexperiment eiousland anted oscap from i， becausesaid h oud “fae he sic”Secndy， he msinerpreted Tom plaingh game as ha he hantdon the exrimeneiosy， whic mg e le o he alre.Case 3Key： Tsignation f Canai employeesulted fro he cmmunicaton rrerdue to th preoncepi or.ng, the Chi

12、man o Board f Direcos.M. Wg assume ucnscioulytht the Caadia was e ila tohs Chies emloyees an hatually wasad treated hm st as he aed anCinese elye. ACinee emplyee woud hav beenoehan happy if his or er bos ha hwd such grea concerfr imor r.But M. Wang found ut tha, ulie Cines employee,h Canadian took w

13、htean reat conern to ineses disrus.五 论述题1. i iver ntural o popl to rest ote cltues, espeialy when te ener culturnd are cedwithane st of alues as wellas iferen bhavior ptter a iffeen vbal an nonveral communiatin system. the niiual needs tfind a newource of livelihond ldne fe. Ts rocess is cale “actat

14、ion”I nvoe formodes. Accluatin文化适应: the pros ocuturl modiicatos arsultofcontct i a diffrent culture.Assiilaion同化:meanhat the ndivialmk a cisve efot to adopthe rms anvleofthe hos lre in rdrtoacuie a ne culturl ientit.ema se his naiveculturl values anbelies.Btif h desresto maintn his atie cuturl ident

15、ity wle adting to o new cutulprcc, then his effot i toprsue inraton. Ulimately,invidualill form a bculur idtit. Ths is h ase ofmanBBC ABC.On the other and, f the idua rejects os an vlues te hostulurd ersistntly triest reaffirm his atie cuture, nd hen wecl tsepation o segregatin.epaation mens that he

16、 coses t rtinhis oriinal ulture andavidnteion it th ht cutre, whle sgregaton means tat hesepaaion isenfoce byte hosclture itself. This i tpil insituationsof rcim, lke he former Apahd stuaio n ouh AfricaI thiniviul cooses ot to identify wthhehost culture o thenaticultue，h w all it MargializatioPus， g

17、ypy2.中外父母对子女教育区别 I Amerc，chidrn areineendent ata ey ea aganty are free o coowhat hey an n lie but hey also esponibe for theiraction In ontra，i chin, hilr ely othir pesto uppottem atvarios lvel, so hey td o ubmit taretal cntrolan deciiomakig. Coseuetly，thehineeclren ar ndebedtother aentsor ife and fe

18、elresposilefrthmi herldae, whreaste mican hldren are elfreliant and, throre, rther iferen tohe parents age-te tnd e it asaburn. Nevetheless, his patter s changginChinee soiety.l Priay-ontrl Fetochosepartner nd carer -listen parnts avice in patne an carrl Chllngepatrder- fllow parent rderl Independe

19、yearly-ndependet atr arriael arnts esecthldrens coices-parentsus cldren to excel elf-relan adfredom-part prteton3. ostesvalue mesionsMacline cultures: culres tha e caractrizeby abition,ssrtivess nddifernt chaacter rols （dfferetiatd sexroles, mbitinndahevement）. Cutues ith hig mascuiniydvca ahivemnt，

20、btion and cquision f wealhan ts membrs re usuly asrtea compitv as asocit ith maebhavr.eminin culture： cultues thtare aaterzd by nuturingbavior， ae d concern.nvidualst cultres： cuure hat valueevery indivduas right ad are charactized yidepedencyand ivcy(I-cnounss； indpendence an cmpetition)Colletiiic

21、culturs: cue tha vale hecoleciv inteest of te roupand arechacterized y interdeendency a repnsibili. (WE-cosuess;teependeeand ooern)High power distanc：te tedency to accthe neualit n ower srbutio Mebersin hgh powedistanceculture vie privee nd priorityasacts of lfe anar cmrabe with ierarhy and satus df

22、ferenial.L powerstne:te tendency t xeteulity npowe istribution. Tey belev i eu satuand eqal oportuit amg l members.adavo exual qliy (luidse le; nurturingad uity of e） cetaint avoidin ultures: ltresthat ted toavoidrisk anfrce ule ndsecrity.（Rgid; formal le)Uctan acepting ctue： cutues tht like o take

23、isks and seeknovty. （Fexbe; iniite rsk)Eg: Sweden -minity Jpan-msulinity Cina -cllectvism gret Btai-indviaim hina -g poweristance America-lo powerdistcJapan, Pu -Uncrtint avoidce mark -uneraty cceting4Eward Halldwar Hll ws Amrian athropogist an crscultra reearcher. Oneof hs fou thors icotext culture

24、 theoryHihcotexculture:aculture tendency to convyesaes a th contx of mmncaton Themesse s mosly mplcitrherhan explit.Low-cnte cuure：a culue tedencyto conve msagesrough ods; message is ly verbaizd. Inow-cntx utue,peopletnd toinore sme nonvrb couicatinbehavors.Hvein Chinee oJapanese igh-otet cltur, com

25、muniatios gi the sensitveommnicars nlimtediomti andcntent fortheae exprs by rich syols, suhs faialepressions， actios，speed f actio， tmoshref cmmunicatn, unspekble emotios, stlegstures ndothr mbiedils.In oont cture, the verbl msse contain mot of the informatn nd verylittl is emedded ih conext r he pa

26、rticipts Sice people o lw-cone ultues fao dictns, hey ar lkely o onsider high-cnet communicaonas wteof tme.h spech sysm used i l-contextltursieabraedcode. Inlo-context ctures, peoeemphaize invidualism anliner logi. Theuited ta i tpical exape.5. Thisis tbebou tecultural daptatin.Thefirt is calledUe,

27、which nudes four sts：the oneymonphas,thecris perod, the adustent peiod de intcultral datatol tose fourtges an freqenyead to butural identy.I thhonymon pase, ne il fel intrest ad euphoia. Ad tey wl have pove eation to tress.In cris period, culure sokwill appe. Thn opl ill eelonfusion, ftratin, anxiet

28、y and then derssion. Intheadjustmenteiod, eoplewill egin olar theprem-solinskllsdcnflt reluion, ad begn appreiateof host cultre. n adattion,oewill posse t bculturadentit.radually,the willve consuctivresonses ndsble adptation he cnd ble is he W-ur which rfer tothe reurn mepce wichiclussstages: t our

29、tagesinh hstculue an nor twostaes n t nive cultue whchisrvse cuturesock nd ajustmtphase. Th enyhocki aerpeople go bac ohir own culuralenvronmen, they wilfeelanxety, frstate ndderesseagin. Andwittmwenby， peolewl dst t i again. n order to esre a smoottansition， we ned o devprategies or aviding ctueshockan engagngintercuta aapation.