新课标高中英语必修一unit5学案Word版

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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela1. quality n.特性，性质；质，质量eg. One quality of wood is that it can burn.eg. This new watch is of high quality.eg. He has all the qualities of a successful businessman. 短语：average quality平常的品质goog/bad quality好/坏的品质the best quality最好的质量extra fine quality特等first-rate quality一等 high qual

2、ity优质poor quality劣质quantity n.量，数量eg. Quality is more important than quantity. 注意：a large quantity of修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，而large/great quantities of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，作主语，谓语动词用复数。eg. A large quantity of people is needed here.eg. Large quantities of foof have rotten away. 短语：in quantity, in large q

3、uantities “大量的”in small quantities “少量的” 练习：(1) Its often less expensive to buy goods in / quantity, but youd better examine the quantity before buying them.(2) A large quantity of food is (be) needed in the flooded area.(3) Large quantities of food are (be) needed in the flooded area. Qualify vt.使具

4、有资格 拓展：Characteristic 特色，特性，典型Feature 特征，特色character 特点，性格2. willing adj. =eager, ready, glad愿意帮助的，乐于的派生词：unwilling adj.不愿意的willingly adv. 愿意地unwillingly adv. 不情愿地willingness n.愿意 短语：be willing to do sth=be ready to do sth.；=be content to do sth.乐意做某事be willing for sb. to do乐意让某人做某事eg. He is a kind-

5、hearted man, who is willing to help others.eg. The boy did homework very unwillingly.注意：will除用来表示将来时态以外，还可以用作动词表示“意愿” I will help him if he will help others如果他愿意帮助别人我就愿意帮助他。 will 用作n. 表示“意志，意向，遗嘱”He has a strong will. 他意志坚强Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 He got the house under the will

6、 of his father. 依照他父亲的遗嘱，他得到了那所房子。He obeyed the order against his will他无可奈何地服从命令。练习：用will, would, willing填空(1) I told him not to go, but he would not listen.(2) Im willing to admit that I have hurt her, but I didnt mean to.1 / 17(3) She has a strong will, and she does what she wants no matter what p

7、eople say.3. active adj (1)积极的，主动的 take ( an active) part in（积极）参加=be active in sth.（在某方面）积极 active voice 主动语态 (2)活跃的have an active brain头脑灵活activity n. 活跃，活力 (pl.)活动be in activity（火山等）在活动中political activities 政治活动social activities社会活动4. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心短语归纳（1）lose ones heart to 爱上，喜欢上break ones h

8、eart 使人难过（心碎）put ones heart into把全部心思放在=set ones mind to sth.heart and soul全心全意地learn sth.by heart记熟=keep/bear sth. in mind（强调状态）=recite（强调动作）give heart to sb.鼓励某人短语归纳（2）lose face丢脸lose weight减轻体重lose ones purse/wallet丢钱包lose ones patience失去耐心lose ones balance失去平衡lose ones temper发脾气lose ones way迷路lo

9、se ones head/ reason/ voice/ hearing/ control/ mindlose sight of看不见，忘记，忽略lose touch (contact) with和失去联系lose oneself in陷入lost in thought 陷入沉思5. in trouble 处于不幸中eg. The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents, he was always in trouble那个男孩给父母带来很多麻烦，他深感愧疚。troube n.(1)U,C烦恼，苦恼eg. What is your trouble?

10、你有什么烦恼？(2)C讨厌的人或事eg. It is a great touble to carry these bottles.(3) C,U常用复数，动乱，乱子make trouble捣乱political troubles政治动乱（4） 病，毛病=diseaseeye/heart/stomach trouble眼/心脏/胃病vt.使烦恼be troubled by bad news为坏消息烦恼vi 烦恼，苦恼Dont trouble about it.别为此而烦恼短语归纳：look/ask for trouble自寻烦恼get into trouble陷入困境get sb. out of

11、 trouble使某人摆脱困境have some trouble( difficulty, problems) with sth. 在方面有困难have trouble (in) doing=have difficulty (in) doing在做方面有困难介词in可省的短语还有：be busy (in); spend (in); have no time (in)take trouble to do/doing sth.尽力做某事make trouble制造麻烦，闹事，捣乱trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事=put sb. to the trouble of doin

12、g sth.6. fight v.打仗，打架(fought,fought) 用法：fight+n.与作战eg. They had to fight the government.fight/struggle for 为争取而斗争eg.They told the workers to fight for their rights.fight/struggle against与做斗争/作战fight/struggle with（1）与并肩作战（2）同进行战斗=fight/struggle against fight with sb. about/over sth.因某事和某人吵架fight bac

13、k还击，抵抗fight off击退，排斥fight ones way打出一条生路区别：fight, struggle, war ,battle, campaignfight“战争”，指战争的动作struggle指较长时期的激烈的争斗，往往指肉体、精神上的战斗(1) struggle against后可接表示人或物的名词，表示与对立（对抗）的人或物进行斗争，“同做斗争”(2) struggle for后通常接抽象名词，“为（真理，事业，解放等）而斗争（奋斗）war“战争“，指全面斗争，包含多次battle “战役“，指大的，连续数小时或数天的战争the battle of Waterloo滑铁卢

14、战役campaign : “战役”,表示a series of battles7. prison短语：be in prison坐牢get into prison入狱send sb to prison (be sent to prison)把投进监狱（被投进监狱）eg. The thief was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被囚禁一年go to prison去坐牢put sb. in prison=send sb. to prison= throw/cast sb. into prison把投进监狱break (out of ) prison/ escape f

15、rom prison越狱逃跑注意：go to prison蹲监狱go to the prison到监狱去eg The criminals wife went to the prison to visit her husband.犯人的妻子到监狱去看望丈夫。类似的用法还有：go to school go to hospitalgo to the school go to the hospital.8advise v.劝告，忠告；通知，告知用法： advise +n.建议某事 eg. The doctor advised a change of air. advise (ones) doing 建

16、议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.=try/want to persuade sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事 advise sb. not to do sth=advise sb. against sth/doing sth. advise sb. on sth.就某事给某人出主意 advise that (should) +do advise +wh-+to do区别advise和 persuadeeg. I advised him to give up smoking, but failed.eg. I persuaded him to give up smo

17、king and he never smoke now练习：(1) She advised me to wear my best clothes（劝我穿上）(2) We have worked for a long time. I advise having a rest（建议休息一会儿）advice n.U建议短语：a piece/bit fo advice一条建议give advice to sb.给某人提意见ask (sb.) for advice征询（某人的）意见give some advice on就提出意见follow ones advice=take ones advice接受某

18、人的意见派生词：adv iser/advisor n.顾问9continue(1) vt.继续做某事eg. After a short rest they continued their work.eg. After graduation I continued to devote myself to doing this research(2) vi.（时间或空间上）延续eg. The forest continued for miles(3) vt.接着说eg.” The team was excellent,” he continued,” But this time it was be

19、aten in the game.他接着说：“这个队很好，但这次输了比赛。“(3) link v.继续（处于某种状态）eg. The weather continues cold and weteg. According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend.用法归纳：continue+n.continue to do/doing =go on doingcontinue +(to be) adj.=remainto be continued待续（用于报刊上连载的文章等）continued

20、 story连载小说（故事） 比较：go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事情eg. After a short rest, they went on working.短暂休息之后，他们继续工作go on to do sth.接着做另外一件事情eg. After finishing the words, they went on to go over the text.结束单词后，他们接着复习课文。go on with sth.继续同一件事，此时with 后能接名词，代词，不能接动词ing形式eg. Einstein went on with his research.爱因斯坦继续他的

21、研究工作go on继续（说）表示“继续“的说法：continue“继续“后面跟动词不定式和动名词没有区别go ahead with=go on with隐含有付出努力之意keep on doing=(1) go on doing =(2)指不顾困难，反对或警告而坚持做某事eg. He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop医生告诉他停止后，他还是继续吸烟。区别：continue /lastcontinue指”持续而无终止”，通常强调”不间断continue ones work 继续工作last指“持久 ”，“延续” eg. The r

22、ain will not last long这雨不会持续很久。10. fee n.费，（会费，学费等），酬金区别：fee, fare, income, pay wage, salary, paymentfee指学费，会费，入场费，手续费和付给医生，律师的费用，如：schooling feefare指车费，船费，旅差费，飞机票价等。如：the bus fareincome收入，收益，进款总称pay薪水，工资，最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政府部门工作的人的薪资，可指军饷。另外可作动词 pay sb.payment 支付；支付的款项；作为支付的东西；报偿，报应wages 复工资；指劳动者、工人等

23、的工资，通常指给予短期工作者的报酬。much/ little wagessalary薪水；指从事脑力劳动的劳动者，如事务员，记者，教师，牧师等的薪水11. gold n. U(1)黄金，金子(2)宝贵，优美 a voice of gold金嗓子(3) 金色，金黄色old gold古金色adj.(1)金制的，含金的 a gold watch金表(2)金色的 (=golden)Gold Coast黄金海岸gold fish金鱼gold mine金矿gold rush淘金热gold-smith金匠golden adj.(1)金色的，黄金般的 a golden sunset辉煌的日落(2)贵重的，绝好

24、的 a golden saying金玉良言Golden Age（希腊故事中）黄金时代Golden Gate Bridge金门大桥12. worry about 担心，忧虑worry vt. 使烦恼，使担忧eg. Whats worrying you?什么事使你烦恼？短语：worry sb. with sth.麻烦/打扰某人worry thatbe worried about（为）发愁，着急（强调心理状态）eg. She is worrying about his health.(强调动作)eg. She is worried about his health（强调心理状态）worrying a

25、dj.令人烦恼的worried adj.感到烦恼的a worried look担心的神色look worried看起来很焦虑worry (worries)(pl.)(1)n.U=anxiety烦恼，担心，焦虑 eg. She has no worry at all她没有一点烦恼。(2) nC(pl)=trouble,difficulty令人烦恼的人或事be full of worries有种种烦恼练习：用worry worrying, worried填空(1) Ted Robinson has been worried all the week.(2) A long period of wor

26、rying led to her nervous weakness.(3) My parents will worry is I come home late13. out of work失业=out of a job （强调状态）=lose ones job（强调动作）eg. He has been out of work for a year and now hes looking for a job.短语归纳（1）： in work有工作 at work在工作 off work在休假 after work下班后 go to work去上班短语归纳（2）out of order坏了，混乱o

27、ut of control失去控制out of date过时out of temper发脾气out of patience失去耐心out of mind心不在焉out of breath气喘吁吁out of sight看不见out of hearing听不见out of shape变形out of business失业，破产out of action失去作用out of sense失去理性out of danger脱离危险out of repair失修out of practice技术生疏out of pity出于同情grow out of产生于；因长大而不再做out of count不计其数

28、out of heart没精神；沮丧walk/run out of从走/跑出来out of ones reach够不着out of step与步调不一致jump out of bed从床上跳下来three out of four people四个人中的三个look out of the window向窗外看out of line与不一致out of question毫无疑问out of the question=impossible决不可能区别：work /job/taskwork U作名词，有体力和脑力劳动的意思，又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。eg. You have done a da

29、ys work in 3 hours他在三个小时之内完成了一天的工作。Job C作为“工作”解，有两层含义，一个是“干活”的“活”；一个是 作为职业的“事”(=employment)。job 作“干活”的“活”解时的同义词有task， duty等；作为职业的“事”解时同义词有 position, place, situation, posteg. When you start a job, you must stick to it.一旦你开始了一项工作，就得持之以恒。14. position vt.安放，安置 n.(1)方位，位置eg. Can you show me the position

30、 of your school on the map?(2)状态，状况，情势eg. The position is very serious.情况很紧急。eg. In my present position, I cannot help you.(3)职业，职务，工作eg. He has got a position in a bank.(4)见解，立场eg. What is your position on the new taxes?关于新税法你有何见解？短语：in position 在适当的位置，在应在的位置out of position 在错误的位置，不得其所15. accept区别：

31、accept/ receiveaccept “同意 ”，“接受（邀请，建议等）”，“认为属实”表示主观上乐意接受，接到，eg. accept a gift/a piece of advice/ an apology 接受礼物/劝告/道歉eg. I cant accept that he is to blame我认为不能责怪他receive “接到，收到（包裹、信等）”不表示主观上接纳 receive a letter/ a telephone call/ a good education/ the Nobel Prize/ a warm welcome收到来信/电话/良好的教育/诺贝尔奖/热情

32、的欢迎eg. The foreign visitors were received warmly.那些外宾受到热情接待练习：用accept /receive.填空I received an invitation, but I didnt accept it.16. violence n U(1)猛烈，激烈(2)暴力，暴力行为do violence to对施暴；歪曲（事实）eg. Your remarks did violence to the truth.他的话歪曲了事实violate vt.(1)=break 违反，违犯，违背（诺言等）(2)亵渎，冒犯，破坏（应受尊敬之物），玷污；(3)=r

33、ape委婉强奸（妇女）violent adj（1）猛烈的a violent storm 猛烈的暴风雨（2）极端的，极度的violent dislike极度的厌恶17. as a matter of fact事实上，实际上，确实=in fact; in truth;in nature in reality; really; actually; truly; practically在句中做插入语区别：affair,event,accident, incident, matter, business表“事情”affair作“事件”讲，复数作“事务”讲，是正式用词，指要做的事或已经发生的事，强调行为与

34、动作及其过程。event多指重大历史事件，也可指日常生活中较重要的事情和运动比赛项目。accident指意外或偶然，多指不幸的事故，多有不良后果incident指与某人或某重大事件有关的独立的事件，尤指军事、政治上有争议的情况matter 指需要考虑或处理的情况business指事务，也指事情常与Affair替用，强调责任。18. blow up（blew, blown）爆炸，炸毁；使充气；勃然大怒eg. A bomb blew up near that street.eg. blow up a balloon/tyre给气球/轮胎打气eg. The teacher blew up when

35、I said Id forgotten to do my homework.短语：blow hot and cold变化不定（一时这样一时那样）blow sb. a kiss飞吻blow ones own trumpet(horn)自吹自擂blow out（被）吹灭；（车胎）破，爆blow over（1）（暴风雨等）吹散，吹倒，刮倒，（坏天气）大风平息（2）被遗忘blow away刮走，吹走blow down（风）刮倒blow off（1）吹掉（2）将（热水，蒸汽等）放出19. equal （1）vt. 等于；与相等(=be equal to )eg. Two and two equals f

36、our= Twice two is equal to four.二加二等于四eg. The player equaled the Olympic record.那名运动员平了奥运会记录。（2）adj. the same in size, amount, value, number, degree, etc.（大小、程度、数量）相等的，胜任的eg.All men are born equal.所有的人生来是平等的短语：be equal to sth/doing sth.胜任（做）某事eg. She feels equal to the task.她认为能胜任该项工作。be equal with

37、与平等eg. In the sight of God, the rich are equal with the poor在上帝眼中，富人和穷人是平等的be equal to sb. in sth.在某方面与某人相等eg. They are equal in ability= They are of equal ability.他们能力相当 扩展：equalize/equalize vt/vi.（使）相等；（使）平等equally adv.同样的，平等的equality n.平等区别equal /sameequal可作形容词，名词和动词，same可作形容词和代词equal 修饰名词时可与an 连

38、用；same 与the连用eg. The blacks demand equal rights/an equal pay.eg. The blacks demand the same rights/the same pay.练习：玛丽与比尔头脑一样聪明。Mary is equal to Bill in brains.20. degree n.（1）等级，程度，阶级eg. The students show various degrees of skill in doing the experiments.学生们做实验时，技巧熟练程度不一。（2）度数，量度eg. The teacher drew

39、 an angle of ninety degrees on the blackboard.老师在黑板上画了一个90度的角eg. The temperature today is two degrees higher than yesterday.今天气温比昨天高2度。（3）学位Bachelors degree学士学位Masters degree硕士学位Doctors degree博士学位（4）社会地位eg. She is a woman of high degree.她是一位社会地位高的妇女。21. guard n.（1）U 警卫，戒备keep guard放哨，守卫（2）C 哨兵，警卫员 g

40、uards of honour 仪仗队 the Guards（英国等）皇家禁卫军（3）（篮球等）卫the right/left guard右/左卫vt. （1）保卫，守卫（2）监视（犯人等）（3）谨慎使用（言词等）guard ones tongue说话谨慎短语：drop/lower ones guard丧失警惕on guard 在岗上on ones guard警戒，警惕guarder 守卫者，看守员guardless adj.无警戒的，无保护的22. educated adj.education n.U教育moral/ intellectual/ physical education德育/智育

41、/体育a man of education 一个受过教育的人 have a good/ college education受良好/大学教育educational adj.教育的educate vt.教育 educate oneself 自修be educated at school在校接受教育23. come to power当权，上台eg. It has been 5 years since this party came to power.短语归纳：in power 当权，执政lose power失去权利in office当权，执政take office上台，就职leave office离

42、职power n. =ability, strength(1)U总称力，（人的）能力，精力，力量 do everything in ones power to help尽力帮助out of /beyond ones power能力所不及(2)C体力；智力；精力eg. His powers are falling.他的体力在衰退中。ones creative powers创造力a man of varied powers多才多艺的人(3)=right U 权利，权限the power of the law法律的力量have power over sb.对某人有支配权(1) 物理功率electri

43、c power电力 water power水利(5)C大国，强国the Great Powers各大国，列强(6) C,U势力，力量eg. Knowledge is power.知识就是力量区别：power, force, strength, mightpower“ 力，权利”，用途最广，用于各种身的，心的，隐藏的，外显的力，和strength同义，但暗示能动的意思。force“力，力量”指活动的力，是strength所展示出来的力，外部的力，常被作“势力”用strength“体力”，是内部的能力，是在身体组织内存在的体力力，势力，指强有力的力。24. terror区别：fright, fea

44、r, be afraid of, horror, terror, dreadfright 突然的惊吓eg. The loud thunder gave me a fright.这声响雷吓了我一大跳。fear 恐惧，最普通用语，但口语中多用be afraid ofbe afraid of后可跟名词或动名词be afraid 后跟不定式，此时的含义是“怕”或“不敢”，be afraid 后跟从句，含义是“恐怕”eg. I wasnt afraid of the car. I was afraid of the driver.我不是怕那辆车，而是怕开车的人。eg. Im afraid I didnt

45、 see the speed limit, officer, I must have been dreaming.恐怕我没有看见限制速度标志，警官，我一定是思想开小差了。horror 恐怖，战栗eg. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly.船长在下面惊恐的意识到泰坦尼克号正在迅速的下沉terror 令人毛骨悚然的恐怖eg. He ran away in terror.他被吓得逃跑了dread 恐怖比fear更为强烈。terrible adj.(1)可怕的 a terrible

46、 storm可怕的风暴(2) 过渡的a terrible headache头痛的厉害(3) 口语极坏的，很糟的a terrible play很糟糕的一出戏区别：terrible/ horribleterrible可怕的，恐怖的；指极端的恐怖足以压服人的理解力horrible 可怕的，恐怖的，含有恐怖到产生战栗的意思terrify v. =frighten 使恐怖，使惊吓be terrified out of ones wits/ senses被吓得魂不附体25.fearv. 畏惧，害怕，为担忧=be afraid (of)用法：fear+n. eg. We never fear difficu

47、lty.我们从不害怕困难。fear+doingfear+ to do eg. You shouldnt fear to speak your mind你应该敢于说出自己的想法。fear+that eg. I fear that he must have gone.我怕他已经走了fear for “为担心”eg. We feared for his life我们为他的生命担心I fear so/not= Im afraid so /notn.U恐惧，害怕C担心的事feel no fear“什么也不怕” a look of fear“恐惧的表情”短语：in fear“害怕的”eg. They st

48、ood there in fear.他们非常害怕的站在那里。in fear of“在害怕中”eg. The thief passed the day in fear of discovery.那贼在害怕被人发现的情况下度过了一天。for fear of“惟恐，担心”eg. She asked us not to be noisy, for fear of waking the baby.她请我们不要喧哗，因为怕吵醒了婴儿。for fear (that)“惟恐，以免”eg. I darent tell you what he did, for fear(that) he should be an

49、gry with me.我不敢把他所做的事告诉你，因为怕他对我发脾气。26. cruelty n.(1) U残忍，残酷(2) C残酷的行为，言语cruel adj.(1) 残忍的an cruel act残忍的行为 be cruel to对残忍(2)令人痛苦的，悲惨的 a cruel sight悲惨的景象, a cruel wind无情的大风, a cruel disease痛苦的疾病27. reward n. 报酬，奖金，奖赏+(for)eg. Its a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报v.奖赏，报答eg. His efforts were rewarded by suc

50、cess.他的努力获得了成功。“表扬或奖励他人”表达法：give sb. an award/ a reward/ a prize给某人一个奖励award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb.奖励某人某物reward sb. with sth. for sth.因某事而用某物奖励某人praise sb. sth (for sth.) 表扬某人某事sing sbs/sths praises表扬某人某事28.set up建立，设立eg. The company has set up a new branch in China短语：set off出发set out出发set out t

51、o do开始做set about doing开始做区别：set up/ found/put upset up=eatablish “设立，树立，建立，它常常强调被建成的对象内部设施基本齐全。可指建立组织或建筑物。eg. They have set up two middle schools in the poor village.found.(founded, founed)“建立，成立，创立”着重指打下基础；多指“（国家或组织）成立eg. The company was founded in 1950eg. The Peoples Republic of China was founded

52、on October 1st,1949put up临时搭建，建筑物等eg. We first put up our tents and then we ate.29.be sentenced tosentence n.判决，宣判，判刑capital sentence极刑，死刑life sentence无期徒刑vt.宣判，判决be sentenced to被判处（to为介词）eg.He was sentenced for theft.他因盗窃被判刑eg. The young man was sentenced to death for murdering his friend.课文：1. ask

53、 for要求，索价eg. She sat down at the table and asked for a cup of coffee.ask vt.(1) 反义词：answer“问，询问”ask the way问路(2)要求，请求eg. She asked him for advice她向他请教(3) 邀请ask a friend to dinner请朋友吃饭(4)讨（价），要（价）vi.要求；询问短语：ask after询问，问候eg. They all asked after you.他们都问你好。ask for（1）请求eg. She asked for time to think

54、all this over.她要求给她时间把这一切好好想想。 （2）询问eg. Did anyone ask for me ?有人找我么？ask for it/ trouble自找麻烦，自讨苦吃2. get on/along well with: to make progress “进展，相处”eg. How are you getting on with your classmates3.service n.服务，服役，伺候social service社会服务do sb. a service帮某人忙mail service邮政业务be of service有帮助serve v.服务，服役，伺

55、候serve as作为，当作4. the same that “同一个人或物” the sameas “表示同一类人或物”eg. He is the same person as you referred to（同一类人，但不同一个人）eg. He is the same person thatyou referred to（同一个人）5. “这是一个时间；有一个时期”注意time 前的不定冠词(1) This was a time when one had got to have a passbook. (2) There was a time when women had no right

56、s to vote. (3) It was a time in which many sad things happened to her (4) It is a time to get together with friends and family under the beautiful full mon and eat moon cakes.It is time to do sth.It is time that sb. did sth. “该某人做某事了 “6.as soon as“一就”表达法：(1) instantly, immediately, directly, present

57、ly, onceeg. He told me the news immediately he got the message.(2)名词词组 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant.eg. The babay starts crying the moment he sees his mother.(3) no sooner than, hardly/scarcelywhen其中no sooner和 hardly后的句子要用过去完成时，than 和when后的句子用一般过去时，no sooner和 hardly位于句首时，其后的句子要部分倒

58、装。eg. Hardly had he fallen asleep when the telephone rang7. The last thirty years have seen这是拟人化的句式，以物作主语eg. Dusk saw a little boy crying in the street = A little boy was crying at dusk in the street.黄昏时刻一个小男孩在街上哭。eg. The following years saw her act in many plays.随后几年，她在许多戏剧中扮演角色8. 当only 引导状语（介词断语，副

59、词，状语从句）位于句首时，主句用一般疑问句语序：助动词/情态动词/have /be 放在主语之前。注意：如果only修饰主语不倒装。比较：not onlybut also 句型中的倒装位于 not only句子中。(1) Only in that way will be we ready.(2) Only then did I realize that I was wrong.(3) Only when you reminded me did I know that I should have done it.(4) Only in this way can you hope to make

60、improvement in the operating system部分倒装还有：(1)否定副词 no, not, never, seldom, little,hardly, 以及还有no ，not的短语放在句首时，句子要部分倒装eg. Never in my life have I heard such a thing.eg. Little did we expect that he could come.eg. Not a single word did he say at the meeting.eg. By no means should we do like this9. afra

61、id be afraid of sb/sth害怕/畏惧某人/某物be afraid of doing sth.担心，害怕做谋事be afraid to do不敢做某事be afraid thatIm afraid我怕；恐怕；很遗憾 10. stop sb./ sth. (from) doing sth.阻止某人/某物干某事 = prevent sb./ sth. (from) doing sth.=keep sb./ sth. from doing sth.注意：keep sb./ sth. doing sth.使得某人或某物一直在干某事。11. sinceconj.(1) 引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般现在时或完成时“自从以来；以后“eg