语法as-much-as

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1、as much as 看似简单，但在实际运用中却相当复杂，不仅用法颇多，而且许多含有as much as 结构的句子往往不好理解（尤其是不好翻译成中文），对许多同学来说都是一个难点。为帮助同学们攻克这一难点，本文拟对此作一个全面的总结和分析。 一、表示数量 1.表示具体的数量，其后通常直接跟具体数量，其意为“之多”“多达”“整整”，强调“多”。如： In fact it cost me as much as 100 dollars. 事实上，它整整花了我100美元。 We walked as much as 50 miles that day. 那天我们整整走了50英里。 She traine

2、d hard for the race， sometimes running as much as 60 miles a week. 为了比赛，她拼命地训练，有时一个星期要跑60英里。 Is it hot up there？ 那上面热吗？ Of course， as much as 45 degrees. 当然热，高达45度。 The speed can vary by as much as 15 percent. 其速度的差别可高达15。 注：如上例所示，as much as 用于表示具体的数量时，其后接的可能是可数名词，但由于它们意义上仍然为不可数，故用 as much as，不用 as

3、many as。如 100 dollars，尽管其中的 dollars 为可数名词的复数形式，由于 100 dollars 仍是一个不可数的概念，仍是不可数的。但是下面这句是错的：I read as much as 100 articles today. 因为这里的 100 articles 表示的是可数概念，故应改为：I read as many as 100 articles. 2. 表示模糊的数量，其意为“与一样多”，有时 much 后可接被修饰的名词（不可数）。如： I ate as much as I could. 我能吃多少就吃了多少。 Ill spend as much as n

4、ecessary. 需要花多少钱，我就花多少钱。 Give me as much as you gave Jane. 给我的要和你给简的一样多。 I havent got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。 Im sorry I havent done as much as I should. 我很抱歉，我做得很不够。 Some of the doctors are paid almost twice as much as the nurses. 有些医生所获得的报酬差不多是护士的两倍。 We can take as much as our b

5、uyer can supply. 买主能提供多少我们就能要多少。 If you charge as much as that， youll scare customers off. 如果你要价那么高，你会把顾客吓跑的。 二、表示程度 1. 译为“尽量”“尽最大努力（可能）”，主要用于 as.as possible one can。如： You ought to rest as much as possible. 你应当尽量多休息。 I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you. 我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。 I w

6、ont have a puddingit was as much as I could do to finish the very large first course. 我不要布丁了我能把第一道大菜吃完就已经很不容易了。 2. 译为“像一样（的程度）”。如： He doesnt think of you as much as he ought to. 他没有像本应该的那样对你好。 Were in the dark just as much as you are. 我们跟你们一样被蒙在鼓里。 I dont pretend to know as much as he does about it.

7、 我不敢说我对此事的了解有他那样多。 I like cats as much as dogs. 我喜欢猫和喜欢狗的程度相同。（此句可视为 I like cats as much as I like dogs 之省略） 3. 译为“与一样多”。如： I havent as much responsibility as before. 我不再担负过去那样多的责任了。 4. 译为“好像”“几乎”“差不多”“等于”。如： That is as much as saying I am a liar. 那无异于说我撒谎。 He as much as admitted that it was his fau

8、lt. 他几乎承认说是他的错。 You said “all right”， which was as much as to say that you were satisfied. 你当时说“行”，这就等于说你认为满意。 注：as much as to say saying 可视为习语，意为“等于说”。 5. 译为“既又”“不仅而且”。如： It is as much your responsibility as mine. 这件事你和我一样都有责任。 He retorted that it was my fault as much as his. 他反驳说那不仅是他的错，而且也是我的错。或：

9、他反驳说我的错误并不比他的错误小。 I expect to weep as much as （to） laugh. 我简直又想哭，又想笑。 6. 有时有较灵活的译法： His latest play is not as much a farce as a burlesque tragedy. 他最近的一个剧本与其说是一个滑稽剧，不如说是一个滑稽的悲剧。 三、表示经常性 Do you dine out as much as you did in Paris？你还像在巴黎那样常常在外面吃饭吗？ Grandmas getting on a bit and doesnt go out as much

10、as she used to. 奶奶年事日高， 不像从前那样常出门了。 四、两点特别说明 1. 第二个 as 有时为关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如： I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。 As much as he earned was given to his girlfriend. 他赚的钱都给了他的女朋友。 2. 当连接两个成分作主语时，其后谓语动词习惯上要与前面一个成分保持一致。如： John， as much as his brothers， was responsible for the loss. 不仅约翰的兄弟要对

11、这损失负责，而且约翰自己也要对这损失负责。 第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词as用法小结 一）as作副词，表示程度，意为“同样地”。在“asas”，“not asas”结构中的第一个as是副词，作“和与(不)一样”解。eg： Jack is as tall as his father杰克和他的父亲一样高。 He doesnt speak English asso fluently as you他的英语说得不如你流利。 二）as作介词。 1作“如，像”解。eg： They got united as one man他们团结得像一个人一样。 2作“充当，作为”解。eg： As a writer，

12、he was famous作为作家，他是很有名的。 三）as作连词，常用来连接主句和状语从句。 1引导时间状语从句，作“当的时候”解，有“随着”之意，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。eg： He shouted aloud as her ran along他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。 I was startled as he opened the door他一开门，我吓了一跳。 as作连词，相当于when。eg； As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play p

13、iano他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。 2引导原因状语从句，作“因为，由于”解，与because的用法相近。eg； I must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。 3引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句，作“正如，(如)像”解。例eg： As in your country，we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south正如(像)你们国家一样，我们在北方种小麦，在南方种大米。(方式状语从句) When at Rome，do as Romans d

14、o入乡随俗。(方式状语从句) 4引导让步状语从句，作“虽然，尽管”解。这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。eg； Strange as it may seem，it is true尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。 Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties不管怎样努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。 四）as作关系代词。 1引导限制性定语从句，用在“suchas”,“the sameas”，“asas”等结构中，常译作“像一样的人(或物)”，“凡是的人(或物)”。例eg： He wished to

15、 be such a man as Lei Feng was他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。 My hometown is no longer the same as it was我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。 2引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。eg： As is well known，oceans cover more than 70 of the earth我们知道，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。 五）含as的固定词组的用法 1as soon as作“一就”解，引导时间状语从句。eg： As soon as I

16、get to Beijing，Ill write to you我一到北京，就给你写信。 2asso long as作“只要”解，eg； AsSo long as you study hard，youll make progress只要你努力，你就会取得进步。 3as ifthough常用来引导方式状语从句，作“好像，仿佛”解。如果从句中讲的是非真实情况，则用虚拟语气。eg： She loves the child as ifthough he were her own她爱这个孩子如同爱自己的孩子。 As ifthough也可用来引导表语从句，常用在“It appearslooksseems+a

17、s ifthough”句型结构中。eg； It appears as ifthough it is going to clear up看起来天要晴了。 It seems as ifthough he knew nothing about it.他好像对此事一无所知。 4as to作“关于，至于”解。eg； There is no doubt as to his honesty他的诚实是无可置疑的。 5as muchmany as作“多达”，“达到之多”解。eg： He can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month他每月能挣5000美元。 6soas far

18、as I know作“就我所知”解，在句中作插入语。eg： AsSo far as I know，he will come here next Monday据我所知，他将于下星期一到这里来。 7as a result，as a result of表示“由于的结果”。eg： She died as a direct result of the accident她的死是那次事故的直接结果。 8，as well为“也，还”之意。eg： Come early，and bring your brother as well早点来，把你的弟弟也带来。 9so as to，soas to若跟动词原形，表示目的或结果。eg： He studied hard so as to pass the exam他努力学习以便通过考试。(表示目的)