限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别.ppt

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1、Defining and Non-defining Clauses objective To use the Defining and Non- defining Clauses correctly Read these sentences and discuss which words in the sentences the clauses (in italics) refer to. 1. There were inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that time. 2.

2、Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listen ng to his stories about China. 3. The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best- selling books in Europe. Which of the clauses above gives 1) information to identify t

3、he person(s) / object(s) ? (defining clause) 2) extra information about a person or a thing, which can be left out? (non- defining clause) 限制性定语从句 : 所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义 上不可缺少定语 , 如果去掉 , 主句就失 去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行 词的关系十分密切 , 写时不用逗号和主 句分开。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 : Do you remember the girl who taught us English？ 你

4、还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？ (如果把从句部分去掉 , 整个句子的含 义就变了。 ) 非限制性定语从句 : 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十 分密切 , 只是对先行词做些附加说明 , 如 果去掉 , 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从 句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话 时须停顿，一般不用 that引导。 1. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。 (去掉从句 , 主句的意义仍然完整 : 张先生是 我的一位朋友。 ) 2. We walked down the vi

5、llage street, where they were having market day. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正 在那里赶集。 (去掉从句 , 主句的意义仍然完整 :我们沿着 村里的大街向前走去。 ) 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形 式 上 不用逗号“ ，” 与主句隔开 用逗号“ ，”与主 句隔开 意 义 上 是先行词不可缺 少的定语，如删 除，主句则失去 意义或意思表达 不完整 只是对先行词的补 充说明，如删除， 主句仍能表达完整 的意思。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语 从句 译法 上

6、 译成先行词的定语： “ 的 ” 通常译成主句 的并列句 关系 词的 使用 上 1. 作宾语时可省略 1. 不可省略 2. 可用 that 2. 不用 that 3. 可用 who代替 whom 3. 不可用 who 代替 whom 引导非限制性定语从句的 which可以指代 前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句 子。 That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却 已穿得沸沸扬扬 。句中的 which指代 “皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。 除 whi

7、ch 外，还可用 when, where, who, whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定 语从句。 After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during the World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany. 在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾 语时，引

8、导词可以省略，但引导非限制 性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系 代词 whom不能用 who替换。 The American journalist (whom/who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. 播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记 者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his

9、 own mother. 他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他像 对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。 All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。 All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的 , 里面都有漂亮的图 画。 有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从 句会改变全句的意思。 （杂志有带图画和不带图画两类） （

10、杂志只有一种） Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan. 当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的 事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制 性定语从句。 Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China， the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam， which is also in Egypt世界上最大的三项人造 工程是中国的长城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高 坝，它也在埃及。 在 of wh

11、ich/whom之前可以使用表达数量 或定位的数词或代词。 1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US. 非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点： 一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用 that 引导。

12、1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 二、非限制性定语从句不能用 why引导 要用 for which代替 why。 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没 有去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I did

13、nt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。 (限制性定语从句“ the reason why .” 是 常见搭配。 ) 三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不 能用 which引导。关系代词 as引导非限制 性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句 前，也可以放主句后。 1. As I expected, he didnt believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心 都提到嗓子眼了。 四

14、、非限制性定语从句由“介词 +关系代词” 引导时，其中的关系代词不能用 as。 1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲 对此很生气。 2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看 了会儿报纸。 1) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 peopl

15、e, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010 浙江 ) A. whom B. which C. them D. those 2) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather. (2010 全国 I) A. which B. where C. what D. that 3) After graduating from college, I took some time off to go

16、traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010 四川 ) A. that B. which C. when D. where 4) The newly-built cafe, the walls of _are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江苏 ) A.that B. it C. what D. which 5.I walked up to the top of the hill with

17、my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011 辽宁） A. which B. where C. who D. that 6.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _ it will keep for two or three weeks.（ 2011 江西） A.when B. which C. where D. while 7.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of c

18、ourse, made all the others upset. （ 2011四川） A.who B. which C. what D. that 8. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.（ 2011 广东） A for which B with which C of which D to which 限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗 号隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般 用逗号隔开。 Read the Camp Xtreme and try to write a borochure for your adventure camp.