英语句子成分剖析课件

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1、句子成分句子成分与句子基本类型与句子基本类型句子句子v句子是由词按照一定的句子是由词按照一定的语法结构语法结构组成组成的的,是表达一个是表达一个完整概念完整概念的语言单位。的语言单位。v句子开头的第一个字母要大写；结尾句子开头的第一个字母要大写；结尾要有句号要有句号“.”、问号、问号“?”或感叹号或感叹号“”。vTom likes rock music.vWhat are you doing now?vHow beautiful it is！句子成分句子成分v构成句子的各个部分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。叫做句子成分。v主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补

2、足语、同位语和插入语。语、补足语、同位语和插入语。vTom likes rock music.vHe likes reading in the reading room.vThe boy in the classroom is Tom.基本句型基本句型v句型一句型一:主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)Birds fly.(鸟飞。鸟飞。)v句型二句型二:主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 She likes English.(她喜欢英语。她喜欢英语。)v句型三句型三:主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 They are honest.(他们是诚实的。他们是诚实的。)基本句型基本句型v句型四句型四

3、:主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 He gave Tom a book.他给汤姆了一本书。他给汤姆了一本书。v句型五句型五:主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 I saw her dance.我看见他跳舞。我看见他跳舞。v特殊句型特殊句型:There be 句型句型 There is a baby.这里有个小孩。这里有个小孩。句子成分之句子成分之 主语主语v主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分。一般由部分。一般由名词名词、代词代词、不定式不定式或或者相当于者相当于名词的词名词的词或者或者短语构成短语构成。v一般放在句首。一

4、般放在句首。vWalls have ears.vHe will take you to the hospital.vThree plus four equals seven.句子成分之句子成分之 主语主语vTo see is to believe.(不定式不定式)vSmoking is not allowed in public places.(动名词动名词)vWhether or not they will come depends on the weather.(从句从句)句子成分之句子成分之 谓语谓语v谓语说明主语谓语说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么样怎么样”,有

5、有简单动词简单动词和和动词动词短语短语构成。构成。v We study hard.vAction speaks louder than words.vThe chance may never come again.v Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994句子成分之句子成分之 表语表语v表语位于系动词之后，说明主语表语位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什是什么么”或者或者“怎么样怎么样”，由名词、形容词、，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及短语来担当。副词、介词短语、不定式及短语来担当。vMy father is a profess

6、or.vWhos that?Its me.vEverything here is expensive.vThe match became very exciting.句子成分之句子成分之 表语表语vThe story of my life may be of help to others.vThree times five is fifteen.vHis plan is to seek work in the city.vMy first idea was that you should hide your feelings.句子成分之句子成分之 宾语宾语v宾语在谓语之后，是动作、行为的对宾语

7、在谓语之后，是动作、行为的对象，有名词、代词、不定式或者相当象，有名词、代词、不定式或者相当于名词的词、短语担任，它和及物动于名词的词、短语担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。词一起说明主语做什么。vShe covered her face with her hands.vWe havent seen her for a long time.vDo you mind opening the window?句子成分之句子成分之 宾语宾语vGive me four please.vHe wants to dream a nice dream.vWe need know what others a

8、re doing.vWe should care more about our friends.(介词介词+名词名词)宾语种类：宾语种类：v双宾语双宾语(间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语)vYou lend me your dictionary.vMy mother bought my brother a computer.v复合宾语复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语)vThey elected him their monitor.v I find the homework difficult to finish.句子成分之句子成分之 宾语补足语宾语补足语v英语有些及物动词英语有些及物

9、动词,除了要有宾语之外，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义才能使句子的意义完整。完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动动词的复合结构词的复合结构。vThey elected me captain of the team.vWe try to make our country strong.v We found everything in good order there.(介词短语介词短语)句子成分之句子成分之 宾语补足语宾语补足语v I should advise you to get the chance.(to do 不定式不定式)

10、v I saw him going upstairs.(doing现在分词现在分词)vThey found the house broken in.(done过去分词过去分词)句子成分之句子成分之 定语定语v 定语用来修饰定语用来修饰名词名词或者或者代词代词。形容。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或者相当于形容词的词或者短不定式或者相当于形容词的词或者短语都可以担任定语。语都可以担任定语。vThey are women workers.vToms father didnt write home until yesterday.(名词所有格名词所有格)v

11、Mary is a beautiful girl.句子成分之句子成分之 定语定语vThe play has three acts.vThis is her first trip to Europe.(代词、数词、不定式代词、数词、不定式)vChina is a developing country.(现在分词现在分词)vI have nothing to eat.(不定式不定式)vThose who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.(定语从句定语从句)句子成分之句子成分之 状语状语v状语修饰状语修饰动词动词、形容词形容词、副词副

12、词或或整个整个句子句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。条件、让步、伴随情况等。vHe did it carefully.vWithout his help,we couldnt work it out.(介词短语介词短语做条件状语。做条件状语。)句子成分之句子成分之 状语状语v(In order)to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(不定式做目的状语不定式做目的状语)vThe best fish swim near the

13、 bottom.(地点状语地点状语)vI left the village five years ago.vI arrived late because of the traffic jam.(原因状语原因状语)句子成分之句子成分之 状语状语vHe often comes to visit us.(副词副词)vThe fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones.(结果状语结果状语)vThe students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.(伴随状语伴随状语)vIf he

14、 goes,so will I.(条件状语条件状语)句子成分之句子成分之 同位语同位语v放在名词后面放在名词后面,与前面的名词指的是与前面的名词指的是同一同一人人或或物物。代词代词、名词名词、数词数词和和从从句句都可以做同位语。都可以做同位语。vWe students should study hard.(名词名词)vWe all are students.(代词代词)vThis is Mr.Green,manager of our company.(名词短语名词短语)句子成分之句子成分之 同位语同位语vWe three will go there together.(数词做同位语数词做同位语

15、)vThe news that our team got the first place made everyone so excited.(that引导的从句就是引导的从句就是news的内容的内容)I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词v The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.v There is an old man coming he

16、re.v The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.v To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.指出下列句中的宾语指出下列句中的宾语v My brother hasnt done his homework.v People all over the world speak English.v How many new words did you learn last class?v The old man sitting at the

17、gate said that he was ill.一个完整的句子做一个完整的句子做宾语宾语,那么这个句子叫那么这个句子叫宾语宾语从句。从句。指出下列句中的表语指出下列句中的表语vThe old man was feeling very tired.vThe leaves have turned yellow.vSoon,they all became interested in the subject.vHis hope is to be a teacher.vMy dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.指出下列句中的定语

18、指出下列句中的定语v1.What is your last name?v2.I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor.v 3.Do you know the man standing at the door?v 4.He likes the film which he saw last week.指出下列句中的宾语补足语指出下列句中的宾语补足语v He asked her to take the boy out of school.v She found it difficult to do the work.v They call m

19、e Lily sometimes.v I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.指出下列句中的状语指出下列句中的状语vThere was a big smile on her face.vEvery night he heard the noise upstairs.vThe man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.vHe began to learn English when he was eleven.基本句型一基本句型一v主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)vBirds fly.(鸟飞。鸟飞。)主语主语 谓语谓语(不及

20、物动词不及物动词)vClass begins.(开始上课。开始上课。)主语主语 谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)vHe runs in the park.(他在公园跑步。他在公园跑步。)主语主语 谓语谓语 (地点状语地点状语)基本句型一发展公式基本句型一发展公式vShe sings.(她唱歌她唱歌)vShe sings well.(她唱歌唱得好。她唱歌唱得好。)vShe sang very well last night.vShe sang very well at the party last night.(在昨天的晚会上她唱歌唱得好。在昨天的晚会上她唱歌唱得好。)vShe sang ver

21、y well at the party held last night.(分词短语作定语修饰分词短语作定语修饰party)常见只能做不及物动词的词常见只能做不及物动词的词varrive 到达到达 come 来来 go 去去vlaugh 笑笑 sleep 睡觉睡觉vstay待在待在 swim游泳游泳 vwalk步行步行 work工作工作基本句型二基本句型二v主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语vShe likes English.(她喜欢英语。她喜欢英语。)vHe read the book.(他读过那本书。他读过那本书。)vI know him very well.(代词做宾语代词做宾语)vThey

22、want to go.(不定式作宾语不定式作宾语)vHe stopped writing.(动名词作宾语动名词作宾语)基本句型二发展公式基本句型二发展公式vI like that story.vI really like that story.(状语状语)vI like that story very much.(状语状语)vI like the story which he told us.(定语从句定语从句)基本句型三基本句型三v主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语vHe became a scientist.(他成了一名科学家他成了一名科学家主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 vHis fac

23、e turns red.(他的脸红了。他的脸红了。)vThat book looks interesting.那本书好像很有趣。那本书好像很有趣。vIt grew dark.(天变黑了。天变黑了。)基本句型三发展公式基本句型三发展公式vHe is a teacher.vHe is a teacher in that high school.vHe was a teacher in that high school ten years ago.vHe was a teacher in that high school when he was young.(状语从句状语从句)vHe who is

24、standing three is a teacher (定语从句定语从句)基本句型四基本句型四v主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语vHe gave Tom a book.主语主语 谓语谓语 间宾间宾 直宾直宾v主语主语+谓语谓语+直接宾语直接宾语+间接宾语间接宾语vHe gave a book to Tom.主语主语 谓语谓语 直宾直宾 间宾间宾动词后面加动词后面加 tovfeed 喂喂 give给给 hand 交给交给lend 借给借给 offer提供提供 pass 递给递给promise答应答应 read 读读 sell卖卖 refuse不允许不允许 return还给

25、还给 send寄给寄给show 给给看看 bring 带带给某人给某人 teach 教教 tell 告诉告诉 take 拿拿throw 给给看看 write 给给写信写信动词后面加动词后面加 forvbuy买买 choose 选择选择 cook 做饭做饭 get 得到得到 make 生产生产 pick捡起捡起 save为某人节约为某人节约 fetch为某人取来为某人取来 leave 留给某人留给某人 call 为为叫叫 book 为为预定预定 find为为找到找到 order 为为定制定制 play为某人演奏为某人演奏 sing 为某人歌唱为某人歌唱to&forvHe gave me a pe

26、n.(他把钢笔给了我。他把钢笔给了我。)He gave a pen to me.vHe will buy me some books.He will buy some books for me.(他将给我买一些书。他将给我买一些书。)注意注意v直接宾语是人称代词直接宾语是人称代词,间接宾语是名词；间接宾语是名词；I passed it to my mother.v间接宾语是人称代词间接宾语是人称代词,直接宾语是名词直接宾语是名词 I found spare books for him.(我为他找到了多余的书。我为他找到了多余的书。)v两个宾语都是人称代词时两个宾语都是人称代词时 Gave it

27、 to me.基本句型五基本句型五v主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语vWe call him Tom.(我们叫他汤姆我们叫他汤姆。)主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补vLeave the door open.vI saw him enter the hall.常跟复合宾语的动词常跟复合宾语的动词v复合宾语的动词：复合宾语的动词：call,name,make,think,find,leavevI will make you captain.vI found the movie interesting.vHe left the window open.省去小品词的情况省去小品词的情况v在

28、在see,watch,look at,listen to,hear,feel,let,make(使得使得),have(使得使得)这些动词这些动词后面的宾语补足语如果是由不定式担后面的宾语补足语如果是由不定式担当当,则省去则省去to,但是变成被动语态时但是变成被动语态时,to要还原。要还原。v I saw the pianist play the piano.The pianist was seen to play the piano.基本句型六基本句型六vThere be 句型句型vThere be+某物某物/某人某人+某地某地v表示某地有某物或某人表示某地有某物或某人vThere is a

29、girl and two boys in the picture.vThere are two boys and a girl in the picture.Fill the blanks of the questionsvThere _ three birds in the tree.vThere _ a beautiful necklace on the table.vThere _ many books on the desk.vThere _ a lot of apples in the basket.vThere _a beautiful butterfly in the garde

30、n.vThere _ many students playing basketball on the campus.句子分类句子分类1)简单句简单句 (Simple Sentence)2)并列句并列句(Compound Sentence)3)复合句复合句(Complex Sentence)句句子子结结构构(一一).简单句简单句(Simple Sentence)v1.简单句只有简单句只有一个主谓一个主谓关系。关系。v2.句子可能有句子可能有两个或更多的主语两个或更多的主语,也也可可 能有能有两个或更多的谓语两个或更多的谓语,但是句子但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个中的主谓关系只有一个。Tom lik

31、es rock music.Tom and John are fond of rock music.(一一).简单句简单句(Simple Sentence)v Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.小结小结:1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P 4.S+V+IO+DO 5.S+V+O+OC(二二)并列句并列句(compound sentence):v把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词或或分号分号连连接起来接起来,则成为一个并列句。则成为一个并列句。v并列句有并列句有两个两个或或两个以上两个以上的主

32、谓结构。这的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是些主谓结构之间的关系是并列并列的、的、对等对等的。的。v从语法上讲从语法上讲,所谓所谓并列并列、对等对等是指任何是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思,谁也不谁也不从属于谁。从属于谁。并列句并列句vShe came to my house yesterday evening,and I went to hers.昨晚她来我家了昨晚她来我家了,我却去她家了。我却去她家了。v Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself.一切都是

33、身外之物一切都是身外之物,只用健康属于自己只用健康属于自己v You are in the right,therefore we should support you.v你是对的你是对的,所以我们该支持你所以我们该支持你。请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。为一个并列句。1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The dress is really beautiful.I cant afford it.He was tired,so he went to bed.The dress is really beautiful,but

34、 I cant afford it.3.Mary is cooking.John is greeting guests.Mary is cooking,and/while John is greeting guests.3.复合句复合句(Complex Sentence)v主句主句+连词连词+从句从句v连词连词+从句从句+主句主句 定语从句定语从句 名词性从句名词性从句 状语从句状语从句主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句判断从句判断从句vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the news

35、paper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.vI want to live in a place where the air is fresh.句子分类句子分类 a)陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)b)疑问句疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)c)祈使句祈使句(Imperative Sentence)d)感叹句感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)句句子子用用途途 陈述句陈述句v用来叙述用来叙述一个事实一个事实或或观点观点的句子叫陈的句子叫陈述句。述句。v陈述句有陈

36、述句有肯定肯定和和否定否定两种形式两种形式,一般用一般用降调，句末用句号。降调，句末用句号。v陈述句的语序一般是陈述句的语序一般是“主语主语+谓语部谓语部分分”,或或“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语”。陈述句之肯定句陈述句之肯定句v Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。一年四季植物生长良好。v I felt the floor move.我感到地板在移动。我感到地板在移动。v That sounds a great idea!听起来这是一个极好的主意！听起来这是一个极好的主意！陈述句之否定句陈述句之否定句v主语主语+be动词动词/情态

37、动词情态动词+not+实义动词实义动词+vThe villagers didnt allow them to do this.村民们没有允许他们这样做。村民们没有允许他们这样做。v He cant make anything out of nothing.巧妇难为无米之炊。巧妇难为无米之炊。陈述句之否定句陈述句之否定句vWe dont think there is anything of interest in your pictures.我们认为你的我们认为你的画没有什么有趣的地方。画没有什么有趣的地方。vI dont believe its necessary to buy the big

38、ger one.我认为没有必要买容量大我认为没有必要买容量大一点的。一点的。v否定转移否定转移:believe,expect,suppose,think,imagine,fancy,reckon 疑问句疑问句v用来提出问题用来提出问题,句末须用句末须用问号问号。v疑问句分为疑问句分为一般疑问句一般疑问句、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句、反意疑问句反意疑问句和和选择疑问句选择疑问句。一般疑问句一般疑问句(general question)v一般疑问句用来询问一件事情或一个情况一般疑问句用来询问一件事情或一个情况是否属实，需要用肯定词是否属实，需要用肯定词yes或否定词或否定词no来来回答。回答。v“be/

39、have/助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词+主语主语+谓语谓语”v-Are you good at sailing?你赛艇很行吧？你赛艇很行吧？-Yes,in fact,Im on our city team.是的是的,事实上事实上,我是市赛艇队的。我是市赛艇队的。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(special question)v用来对句子某一部分提问的疑问句用来对句子某一部分提问的疑问句,以以疑问疑问词词开头。开头。vHow shall I do it?我怎样做呢？我怎样做呢？vWhat time will you come?你什么时候来？你什么时候来？vWhen will we leave?我们什

40、么时候离开我们什么时候离开?vWhere are you from?你从什么地方来？你从什么地方来？vWhich do you want?你要哪个？你要哪个？反意疑问句反意疑问句v英语中，反意疑问句是由英语中，反意疑问句是由陈述句陈述句和附在其和附在其后的后的附加疑问句附加疑问句组成。组成。v其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。翻译为实说话者所说的事实或观点。翻译为“是是吗吗”？v陈述肯定陈述肯定+疑问否定疑问否定？v陈述否定陈述否定+疑问肯定疑问肯定？1.陈述

41、肯定陈述肯定+疑问否定疑问否定v-You were moved by your students,werent you?-Yes,I were.-No,I werent.陈述否定陈述否定+疑问肯定疑问肯定v-She hasnt got up,has she?她还没有起床，是吗？她还没有起床，是吗？v-Yes,she has.不，她已经起来了。不，她已经起来了。vNo,she hasnt.是的，她还没起来。是的，她还没起来。反意疑问句反意疑问句(1)v反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯

42、定肯定+否定否定？否定否定+肯定肯定？vYou cant do it,can you?你不能做它，是吗？你不能做它，是吗？vThey are very late for the meeting,arent they?他们开会迟到了，不是吗？他们开会迟到了，不是吗？反意疑问句反意疑问句(2)v当陈述句中含有当陈述句中含有be动词动词、助动词助动词、或、或是是情态动词情态动词时，反问句部分由这些词时，反问句部分由这些词加上主语人称代词构成。加上主语人称代词构成。vShe is a lovely girl,isnt she?vHe will go home,wont he?vShe doesnt l

43、ike to eat popcorn,does she?vThe baby wont sleep early,will it?关于关于havevhave作作“有有”解时，可有两种形式。解时，可有两种形式。vHe has a new book,hasnt/doesnt he?他有一本新书，是吗？他有一本新书，是吗？vHe has a lot of money,hasnt/doesnt he?他有很多钱，是吗？他有很多钱，是吗？关于关于havevhave 表示其它意思时表示其它意思时,如：如：“经历经历”、“吃吃”、“开会开会”时，只用时，只用do的相应形的相应形式。式。vHe seldom ha

44、s lunch at school,does he?他在学校很少吃午饭，是吗？他在学校很少吃午饭，是吗？vThe students have a meeting once a week,dont they(不能用不能用havent he?)vHe has supper at home every day,doesnt he?(不能用不能用hasnt he?)反意疑问句反意疑问句(3)v当陈述句中只含有行为动词时当陈述句中只含有行为动词时,就用就用do的相应形式。的相应形式。vYou cleaned your house last week,didnt you?vYour father play

45、s the computer very well,doesnt he?vThey look so happy today,dont they?反意疑问句反意疑问句(4)v反意疑问句的陈述部分带有反意疑问句的陈述部分带有 little,few,never,hardly,seldom,nobody,nothing,barely,scarcely 等否定意义的词时等否定意义的词时,问句问句部分用肯定式部分用肯定式。vShe never tells a lie,does she?vHe was seldom late,was he?反意疑问句反意疑问句(5)v反意疑问句的陈述部分为反意疑问句的陈述部分

46、为I am时时,问问句部分习惯上用句部分习惯上用arent I?表示。表示。vI am a very honest man,arent I?我是一个诚实的人，不是吗？我是一个诚实的人，不是吗？反意疑问句反意疑问句(6)v陈述部分的主语为不定代词陈述部分的主语为不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时时,问句部分问句部分的主语用的主语用it。vSomething is wrong with the computer,isnt it?vNothing has happened to them,has it?反意疑问句反意疑问句(7)v陈述部分的主语为不定

47、代陈述部分的主语为不定代somebody(one),anybody(one),nobody(no one),everybody(one)时时,问句部分的主语用问句部分的主语用he或或 they，这，这时问句动词的数应和时问句动词的数应和he或或 they一致。一致。vSomeone has taken the seat,hasnt he?vEveryone has done their best in the game,havent they?每个人在比赛中已经尽力了，不是吗？每个人在比赛中已经尽力了，不是吗？反意疑问句反意疑问句(8)v省去主语的省去主语的祈使句祈使句的反意疑问句，疑的反意疑

48、问句，疑问部分用问部分用will you vGo with me,will you/wont you?vDont do that again,will you?反意疑问句反意疑问句(9)vLets 开头的祈使句开头的祈使句,后用后用shall we(shant we)?vLet us开头的祈使句开头的祈使句,后用后用will you(wont you)?vLets go and listen to the music,shall we(shant we)?vLet us wait for you in the reading-room,will you(wont you)?反意疑问句反意疑问句

49、(10)v陈述部分为陈述部分为There(Here)+be+主语时，问主语时，问句部分用句部分用动词动词+there(here)?形式。形式。vThere are two cakes on the plate,arent there?碟子里有两块蛋糕，不是吗？碟子里有两块蛋糕，不是吗？vHere is a story about Mark Twain,isnt here?这是关于马克吐温的故事这是关于马克吐温的故事,不是吗？不是吗？反意疑问句反意疑问句(11)vthink引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 vA.主语是第一人称主语是第一人称 I dont think he is bright,is

50、he?We believe she can do it better,cant she?vB.如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong,didnt he?(不能说不能说werent they?)选择疑问句选择疑问句 v提供两种提供两种(或两种以上或两种以上)情况，问对方选择哪一情况，问对方选择哪一种，其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问种，其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，在提供的情况之间用连词句，在提供的情况之间用连词or.v-Which do you pref

51、er,horse-riding or shooting?-I prefer horse-riding.v-Is Susan still at school,or has she left?-She is still at school.祈使句祈使句 v表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形。号召等，谓语动词用原形。v主语主语you通常省略，句末用叹号或句号。通常省略，句末用叹号或句号。vLook out!There is a train coming.注意！注意！火车来了！火车来了！vNo spitting!不准随地吐痰！不准随地吐痰

52、！vHave done!住手！住手！vBe gone!滚！滚！Let 祈使句祈使句 v Lets祈使句祈使句v lets引导的祈使句引导的祈使句,包括听话者本人在包括听话者本人在内内,表示建议表示建议,反意问句用反意问句用shall we。vLets begin,shall we?我们开始好吗？我们开始好吗？vLets go home.我们回家吧！我们回家吧！Let 祈使句祈使句 vLet us 该结构引导的祈使句表示请求对该结构引导的祈使句表示请求对方允许自己干某事方允许自己干某事,不包括对方不包括对方(you)在在内内,let相当于相当于allow,意为意为please allow us或

53、或you allow us,反意问句要用反意问句要用will youv Let us know your name,will you?让我们知道你的名字好吗？让我们知道你的名字好吗？感叹句感叹句(exclamatory sentence)v用来表示说话人喜怒哀乐、惊讶、赞用来表示说话人喜怒哀乐、惊讶、赞美等强烈感情的句子。用降调美等强烈感情的句子。用降调,句末句末用感叹号用感叹号,句首多用句首多用how和和what,其余其余与陈述句结构相同。与陈述句结构相同。What型型vWhat a/an(adj.)单数名词谓语单数名词谓语!vWhat(adj.)复数名词谓语复数名词谓语!vWhat(adj

54、.)不可数名词谓语不可数名词谓语!How型型vHow形容词主语谓语形容词主语谓语!vHow副词主语谓语副词主语谓语!vHow+形容词形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式可数名词单数形式vHow主语动词主语动词!How he enjoys collecting stamps!他是多么的喜欢集邮啊他是多么的喜欢集邮啊!句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是

55、什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight les

56、sons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！