外文翻译--专用钻床夹具

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1、专用钻床夹具是针对特定零件孔加工时使用的夹具。此类钻床夹具能较易保证孔之间的位置精度，提高生产效率。应用此钻模能极大地提高劳动生产率、降低操作工人的劳动强度,减小钻头的损耗,.更能延长刀具的使用寿命。在夹具设计工作中，一般具有下列特点：1、夹具的设计周期较短，一般不进行强度和刚度计算；2、专用夹具的设计，对产品零件有较强的针对性；3、确保产品加工质量，提高劳动生产率是夹具设计工作的首要任务；4、夹紧装置的设计对整个夹具的结构具有决定性的影响。夹具设计的原则是经济和实用，夹具设计的基本要求有以下三方面：好用；好造；好修。好用是最重要的。主要技术指标有以下几点：1、保证工件的加工精度；2、提高生产

2、效率；3、工艺性好；4、使用性好5、经济性好。除考虑专用夹具本身结构简单、标准化程度高、成本低廉外，还应根据生产纲领对夹具方案进行必要的经济分析，以提高夹具在生产中的经济效益。六点定位原理：用六个定位支撑点与工件接触，并保证支撑点合理分布，每个定位支撑点限制工件的一个自由度，便可将工件六个自由度完全限制，工件在空间的位置也就唯一的被确定。要是工件安全定位，就必须限制工件在空间的六个自由度，即为工件的“六点定位原理”。在夹具设计的定位分析中，注意解决以下问题：完全定位和不完全定位，过定位和欠定位。工件的定位表面有各种形式，如平面、外圆、内孔等对于这些表面，总是采用一定结构的定位元件，以保证定位元

3、件的定位面和工件定位基准面相结合或配合。定位元件的设计应满足下列要求：1、要有与工件相适应的精度；2、要有足够大刚度，不允许受力后发生变形；3、要有耐磨性，以便在使用中保持精度。一般多采用低碳钢渗碳淬火或中碳钢淬火，硬度为5862hrcHRC夹紧装置有三部分组成：动力源装置，传力机构，夹紧元件。夹紧装置的设计原则：1、工件不移动原则；2、工件不变形原则；3、工件不振动原则；4、安全可靠原则；5、经济实用原则。夹紧机构的设计要求：可浮动，可联动，可増力，可自锁。设计夹紧机构，必须首先合理确定夹紧力的三要素：大小、方向和作用点。夹紧力方向的确定应遵循以下原则：1、夹紧力的作用方向应垂直于主要定位基

4、准面；2、夹紧力作用方向应使所需夹紧力最小；3、夹紧力作用方向应使工件变形尽可能小；夹紧力作用点的确定应依据以下原则：1、夹紧力的作用点应落在支撑元件或机构支撑元件形成的稳定受力区域内；2、夹紧力作用点应落在工件刚性好的部位；3、夹紧力作用点应尽可能靠近加工面。夹紧力的大小的确定可根据切削力、工件重力的大小、方向和相互位置关系具体计算。为了安全起见，计算出的夹紧力应乘以安全系数K，故实际夹紧力一般比理论计算值大23倍。钻模类型很多，在设计钻模时，首先要根据工件的形状、尺寸、重量和加工要求，并考虑生产批量、工厂工艺装备的技术状况等具体条件，选择钻模类型和结构。在选型时要注意以下几点：（1）工件被

5、加工孔径大于10mm时，钻模应固定在工作台上（特别是钢件）。因此其夹具体上应有专供夹压用的凸缘或凸台。（2）当工件上加工的孔处在同一回转半径，且夹具的总重量超过100N时，应采用具有分度装置的回转钻模，如能与通用回转台配合使用则更好。（3）当在一般的中型工件某一平面上加工若干个任意分布的平行孔系时，宜采用固定式钻模在摇臂钻床上加工。大型工件则可采用盖板式钻模在摇臂钻床上加工。如生产批量较大，则可在立式钻床或组合机床上采用多轴传动头加工。（4）对于孔的垂直度允差大于0.1mm和孔距位置允差大于0.15mm的中小型工件，宜优先采用滑柱式钻模，以缩短夹具的设计制造周期。本次钻模设计是针对圆周径向均布

6、等直径孔的套类零件设计出立式钻床专用钻夹具。设计重点为：选择夹具类型，正确选择和设计钻套及钻模板的结构形式。旨在提高生产效率，保证孔之间的位置精度。圆周径向均布等直径孔的套类零件在机械加工生产中应用广泛，设计成熟合理，而此转位钻模正是为加工该零件而设计的专用夹具，有很好的发展前景。Special drill press mould for a particular parts used in hole processing fixture. Such drilling machine fixture can more easily to ensure the position precisio

7、n between hole, improve production efficiency. Use this jig can greatly improve the mould labor productivity, lower operating labor intensity, and reduce the loss of the drill. It can prolong the service life of the cutter.In fixture design work, generally has the following characteristics: 1, fixtu

8、re design cycle is short, generally not the strength and stiffness calculation; 2, special jig design, product parts of a strong targeted; 3, to ensure the products processing quality, improve labor productivity is the primary task of fixture design work ; 4, Design of the clamping device, the entir

9、e fixture structure has conclusive effect. Fixture design principle is economic and practical, fixture basic requirements of design has the following three aspects: good use; good creation; good repair. Good use is the most important. The main technical indexes have the following: 1, to ensure the m

10、achining precision of the workpiece; 2, improve the production efficiency; 3, good manufacturability; 4, good use; 5, economy good practicability. In addition to consider special jig has the advantages of simple structure, high degree of standardization, cheap outside, still should according to prod

11、uction program to fixture scheme to economic analysis, in order to improve the economic benefit in production fixture.Six point locating principle: with the six positioning points of contact with the workpiece, and to ensure that the supporting point reasonable distribution, each positioning support

12、 limiting workpiece with one degree of freedom, the workpiece can be six degrees of freedom is restricted, the workpiece position in space is the only identified. If the safety of the workpiece positioning, must limit the workpiece in the space of six degrees of freedom, named six positioning theory

13、. In the positioning of fixture design analysis, paid attention to the following questions: the complete and incomplete positioning, positioning and owes the localization. Positioning of the workpiece surface has a variety of forms, such as plane, outer circle, inner hole for these surfaces, always

14、use the certain structure of the positioning element, to ensure the positioning element positioning surface and the workpiece locating datum combine or cooperate with. Positioning of components of the design should meet the following requirements: 1, with corresponding to the workpieces accuracy; 2,

15、 should have enough stiffness, does not allow the force deformation; 3, to have wear resistance, so that in use to maintain accuracy. Generally use more low carbon steel carburizing quenching or medium-carbon steel quenching, hardness of 58 to 62 HRC.Clamping device has three parts: the power supply

16、 device, power transmission institutions, clamping components. The principles for the design of clamping device: 1, the workpiece is not moving principle; 2, the workpiece is not deformation principle; 3, workpiece not vibration principle; 4, safe and reliable principle; 5, economic and practical pr

17、inciples. The clamping mechanism design requirements: it can float, linkage, can increase force, capable of self-locking. Design of clamping institutions, must first reasonably determine the clamping force of three elements: size, direction and action points. The clamping force direction should be d

18、etermined according to the following principles: 1, clamping force direction perpendicular to the main orientation should be datum; 2, clamping force direction should make clamping force required minimum; 3, clamping force direction should make the deformation as small as possible. Clamping force of

19、 the act shall be determined according to the following principles: 1, clamping force of the role of should fall in support of components or institutions of the formation of the stable support components stress area; 2, clamping force should fall on the role of rigid good parts; 3, clamping force sh

20、ould act as close to the surface processing. Clamping force size according to the determination of cutting force of gravity, workpiece size and direction and mutual position the specific calculation. For safety reasons, calculate the clamping force should be multiplied by safety coefficient K, the a

21、ctual clamping force than the calculated value is commonly 23 times.There are a lot of type drill mold, in the design the drill, according to the first of all is the shape, size, weight and process requirements, and consider the production batch, factory technological equipment technology condition

22、and other specific conditions, than choose the model type and structure drill. In the model selection should pay attention to the following: (1) when the workpiece is processing more than 10 mm diameter, drill mode should be fixed on the (especially steel parts). So that the clip in the concrete sho

23、uld have for the clamp pressure with lugs or convex platform. (2) when the same back in the hole processing radius, and the total weight of fixture more than 100 N should be used when the device is dividing rotary drill mode, if can be used together with the general rotating table is better. (3) whe

24、n in general medium workpiece a plane processing several parallel hole is arbitrary distribution, appropriate uses stationary drill mold in radial drilling machine in processing. Large scale workpiece with cover plate can be drilling mold in radial drilling machine in processing. Such as production

25、batch is bigger, can be in the vertical drilling machine or combination machine tools on the shaft driving head processing. (4) for the hole perpendicularity tolerance is more than 0.1 mm and the distance of hole position tolerance greater than 0.15 mm in the small workpieces, should give priority t

26、o the sliding column jig, fixture design and manufacturing cycle to shorten.This drill mold design is for all such as cloth of radial circle diameter hole of the set of parts design the vertical drilling machine special drill fixture. The focal point of design for: choose fixture type, proper select

27、ion and design of drilling and drill template of the structure. Aim to improve production efficiency and guarantee the hole between the positions of precision. Circumference radially uniform diameter hole sleeve parts in machining is widely used, the design is rational, mature, and this inversion model is processing for the drill parts and special fixture design, have very good development prospect.