外文翻译--PLC 控制器在风电机组中的应用

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1、PLC Controller of Wind Turbine1 IntroductionWind energy as an inexhaustible, clean and pollution-free renewable energy, its exploitation has been widespread attention around the world, as one of the wind resource-rich countries, the level of Chinas wind power has made the rapid development . From th

2、e 20th century 70s, and network-based wind power has been gradually began to commercialize technologies become more sophisticated, increasing unit capacity, while the stall induction wind turbine wind farm has become the main model. As the main form of collecting wind energy, wind turbine control pr

3、oblem of growing importance. At present, run on wind turbine control, PLC control has been widely used at home and abroad. In recent years, PLC with its many features widely used in advanced industrial countries have become the standard industrial control equipment. It is designed specifically for i

4、ndustrial control, set electrical, instrumentation, control three-in one is to achieve an ideal control of mechatronics equipment. PLC can be programmed using the memory, in addition to the implementation of logical operations, order of operations, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as

5、instruction, but also to complete the order or timing of various closed-loop control functions. Through various communication interfaces and module processing, to digital or analog input and output for easy connection at all levels, small, anti-interference ability, high reliability, good stability

6、in long hours under harsh environment, not intermittent operation, and programming is simple, easy to maintain. In this paper, S7 - 300 PLC system and network-based asynchronous stall wind turbine application are described.2 A fan control deviceFan Control is the safe and reliable operation of wind

7、turbines a key technology, control devices and the wind turbine is closely related to the remaining parts, a wind turbine to run the brain, normal and reliable operation of the entire unit, and a reliable guarantee for optimal operation 1. Fan control system structure shown in Figure 1, including ce

8、ntral control, soft and network control system, reactive power compensation control system and the yaw control system 2.2.1 Fan Control System Hardware DesignMost wind turbine works in high, cold, humidity, sand and other harsh natural environment and strong electromagnetic interference environment,

9、 and unattended, requiring that their main controller interference capability, high reliability and the work of various operating parameters accurate measurement, control strategy are reasonable, timely and accurate processing Faults. By analyzing the requirements and characteristics of the control

10、unit, more sequential control, the control system to handle the input and output signals are mostly switching signal, so use PLC as the master controller to meet its wind turbine control systems. Requirements to measure wind turbine needs, select Siemens S7 - 300 type PLC module and network as a sta

11、ll-type center of asynchronous wind turbine controller.Wind turbine control system hardware component includes the main control cabinet (Main panel), the computer cabinet (Computer panel), capacitor cabinets (Phase compensation), at the top of control cabinet (Topbox), sensors, actuators and control

12、 cables. In the 750kW wind turbine, the tower cabin cabinet PLC module includes digital input module SM321, analog input module SM331, high-speed counting module FM350, interface module IM153 (ET200 series), etc.; tower bottom PLC module control cabinet includes CPU module CPU - 315, digital input m

13、odule SM321, digital output module SM322, communications processors, CP340, power supply module PS307 so.2.2 Fan Control System Design SoftwareCombining the characteristics of PLC systems, machine control system using the STEP7 on the preparation of fan control applications, with statements tables a

14、nd ladder combination of methods to achieve the application of modular, structured programming. Is more convenient and safe for wind turbine control, lookout turbine control functions to be achieved is divided into several relatively independent tasks, in accordance with the modular programming soft

15、ware programming, the main program was completed for wind turbine generators start , soft and net size of the motor switch control and power generation system optimization; subroutines include: shutdown subroutine, emergency shutdown subroutine, yaw subroutine, Jie Lan subroutine, Kai P stop control

16、 gear pumps, hydraulic pumps Kai P stop control, and gear oils such as heating and cooling routine.Before the start of the main switch closing, wind turbine controller is now prepared to run. First, system initialization, control program initialization, check the status of micro-controller hardware

17、and peripherals are intact, detection system parameters (temperature, hydraulic oil, pressure, wind direction, wind speed, etc.), compare the detected operating parameters, without failure, the system can formally start. Start, first check the network to detect the parameters of the grid, set all co

18、unters, output of the initial work of state institutions and the opening angle of thyristors 3, after the wind turbine start automatically. Wind wheel angular leaf recovery by the 90 of 0 , the wind began to turn round, the computer began to real-time monitoring of various parameters, with the incre

19、ase in wind speed round, wind round the feedback speed signal as input to judge the conditions, into the controller to determine whether the grid. When the power system operation, the system used to determine the parameters of test parameters has exceeded the limit, the implementation of yaw, phase

20、compensation, safety brake.3 ConclusionCombination of wind power control requirements to S7 - 300-PLC module, for example, on the 750kW wind turbine control system was outlined to study the composition of its control system and fan control process, the paper design of PLC control systems, test Fans

21、of the actual control and operation of wind turbine can achieve good control.PLC 控制器在风电机组中的应用1 引言风能作为一种取之不尽、清洁无污染的可再生能源,其开发利用已经受到了世界各国的普遍重视,作为风力资源丰富的国家之一,我国的风力发电水平也取得了较快的发展。从20 世纪70 年代开始,并网型风力发电己经逐渐开始商业化,技术也日益成熟,单机容量越来越大,而失速型异步风电机已成为国内风电场的主要机型。作为采集风能的主要形式,风电机组的控制问题研究变得越来越重要。目前,在风电机组控制运行上,PLC 控制已被国内外

22、普遍采用。在最近几年,PLC 以其诸多特点获得广泛的使用,在工业先进国家已成为工业控制的标准设备。它专为工业控制而设计,集电气、仪表、控制三电于一体,是实现机电一体化的理想控制设备。PLC 采用可以编制程序的存储器,除了可以执行逻辑运算、顺序运算、计时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,还可以完成各种顺序或定时的闭环控制功能。通过各类通讯接口与模块处理,进行数字式或模拟式的输入和输出,方便各级连接,体积小、抗干扰能力强、可靠性高、稳定性好、能在恶劣环境下长时间、不间断运行,且编程简单,维护方便。本文就S7 - 300 PLC系统在失速型并网异步风力发电机组中的应用进行了说明。2 风机控制装置风机控制

23、是整个风电机组安全可靠运行的关键技术,控制装置与风力发电机组的其余各部分密切相关,是风电机组运行的大脑,是整个机组正常可靠运行以及实现最佳运行的可靠保证1 。风机控制系统结构图如图1 所示,主要包括中心控制器、软并网控制系统、无功补偿控制系统和偏航控制系统等2 。2. 1 风机控制系统硬件结构设计风电机组大多工作于高温、高寒、高湿、风沙等恶劣的自然环境与强电磁干扰环境中,且无人值守,要求其主控制器抗干扰能力强,工作可靠性高,各种运行参数测量准确,控制策略合理,对故障的判断处理及时准确。通过分析机组的控制要求与特点,顺序控制较多,控制系统需要处理的输入输出信号也大都是开关信号,所以选用PLC 作

24、为主控制器可以满足风电机组对其控制系统的要求。衡量风电机的要求需要,选择西门子公司的S7 - 300 型PLC 模块作为失速型并网异步风电机组的中心控制器。风电机组控制装置的硬件组成主要包括主控制柜(Main panel) 、计算机柜(Computer panel) 、电容柜(Phase compensation) 、顶部控制柜(Topbox) 、传感器、执行机构以及控制电缆等。在750kW风电机组中,塔顶机舱柜中PLC 模块主要包括数字量输入模块SM321、模拟量输入模块SM331、高速记数模块FM350、接口模块IM153 ( ET200 系列) 等; 塔底控制柜中PLC 模块主要包括CP

25、U 模块CPU - 315、数字量输入模块SM321、数字量输出模块SM322、通讯处理器CP340、电源模块PS307 等。22 风机控制系统软件结构设计结合PLC 系统的特点, 使用STEP7 对机组控制系统编写风机控制应用程序,采用语句表和梯形图相结合的方法, 实现了应用程序的模块化、结构化编程。为更加方便、安全地进行风电机组的控制,把风电机组所要实现的控制功能分成几个相对独立的任务,按照模块化的软件编程方法进行编程,主程序主要完成风电机组的机组启动、软并网、大小电机切换控制以及发电系统的功率优化等;子程序主要包括:停机子程序、紧急停机子程序、偏航子程序、解缆子程序、齿轮油泵启P停控制、

26、液压油泵启P停控制以及齿轮油加热与冷却子程序等。启动前,主开关合闸,风力发电机组控制器准备自动运行。首先系统初始化,控制程序初始化、检查微控制器硬件和外设状态是否完好,检测系统参数(温度,液压油,压力,风向,风速等) ,比较所检测的操作参数,如果没有故障,系统就可以正式起动。启动时,首先检查电网,检测电网的各个参数、设置各个计数器、输出机构初始工作状态及晶闸管的开通角3 ,之后,风力发电机组开始自动运行。风轮的叶尖角由90恢复为0,风轮开始转动,计算机开始实时监测各个参数,随着风轮速度的提高,风轮反馈的转速信号作为输入的判断条件,送入控制器,以判断是否可以并网。当发电系统运行以后,系统检测的参数用以判断参数有否超过极限、执行偏航、相位补偿、安全制动。3 结束语结合风力发电的控制要求,以S7 - 300 型PLC模块为例,对750kW风力发电机组的控制系统进行了概述,研究了其控制系统的构成及风机控制过程,本文设计的PLC 控制系统,通过测试风机的实际控制及运行可以实现对风电机组的良好控制。