新视界大学英语综合教程2第1单元答案及译文

Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking point THINKINGfor yourselfWarming up1.Listen and underline any words or expressions which are different from what you hear.Think about it!Here are some tips for students who want to increase their thinking power.The more carefully you think about something,the less interesting it becomes.A university student can learn a lot from TV programmes as well as from teachers.If you take a break when you get stuck on a difficult passage in a book,it may be more difficult to understand when you come back to it.The more carefully you think about something,the less interesting it becomes.(more)A university student can learn a lot from TV programmes as well as from teachers.(other student)If you take a break when you get stuck on a difficult passage in a book,it may be more difficult to understand when you come back to it.(easier)Dont believe anything your teacher says.Be prepared to check the facts.Read your lecture notes again within 24 days.Otherwise they may not make sense to you anymore.If you have any good ideas while you are in the bath,get out and write them down.Otherwise you will forget them.Its important to believe in your own ideas as much as anybody elses.Warming up Dont believe anything your teacher says.Be prepared to check the facts.(everything)Read your lecture notes again within 24 days.(hours)Otherwise they may not make sense to you anymore.If you have any good ideas while you are in the bath,get out and write them down.Otherwise you will forget them.(bed)Its important to believe in your own ideas as much as anybody elses.(more than)Warming up2.Work in pairs and discuss the advice.Decide which tips you agree with,and which you dont.Shorter points on the tips:1st one:The first seems true to me.If you just look at an ant for a moment,it is of little interest,but if you start thinking about how they live,what they do and so on,it gets fascinating,and its like that with most things.2nd one:Though perhaps there is a difference.You are more likely to learn subject knowledge from your teacher and other types of knowledge from friends who have had different experiences of life.3rd one:There is no point in just reading and rereading.You need to go and give your mind a break,and then try again when you feel fresh.Warming up4th one:I think that depends on the sort of thing the teacher says.If a teacher gives you facts about the subject,they are not likely to be wrong;but you can question opinions.5th one:This is very good advice.I wish I took it more often.Some of my notes are like a strange foreign language!6th one:Even better keep a notebook with you all the time.You can put it by the bath as long as you are careful not to get it wet,as well as beside your bed.It is better than getting up and looking around for pen and paper.7th one:Maybe,but there have been plenty of wiser and cleverer people than me so probably I should listen to their opinions first.Warming upWatch the video and answer some questions.1.What do you think of the teachers in the movie,especially Mr.Keating,the one who teaches poetry?Do you like him?Why or why not?2.How do you understand the saying “Believing everything in books is worse than having no books at all”?Warming upLook at the title of the passage and answer the questions.1 What is“thinking for yourself”?The main meaning is not simply adopting the opinions of others,but taking the time and effort to form your own opinion,to be an independent thinker.Warming up2 Is it important to think for yourself?It is of great importance to think for yourself;you couldnt just simply accept the views of others.But we should also listen to the wiser people,as they tend to advise us according to their deeper experience.Warming up 3 How do you learn to think for yourself?One way is,on any question,to try to think about different points of view.This means you do not just accept an idea but test it against others and only adopt it if it seems the best one to you.Warming up 4 Is it possible to teach someone to think for themselves?Yes,it is possible but not easy.It has to be a process.I think it comes slowly when students,with the encouragement of teachers,learn to challenge themselves in a stimulating environment.One day they will find themselves actually thinking for themselves.If the teacher praises them for this,it will strengthen the habit.Skimming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Choose the best answer to the questions on page 4.TaskTask1 Why does the writer believe thinking for oneself is not popular?(a)Because it takes too much time.(b)Because institutions dont like it.(c)Because it doesnt lead to progress.(d)Because only a few people are able to do it.Answer:(b)Skimming2 How often are people interested in what other people think according to the writer?(a)Always.(b)Often.(c)Hardly ever.(d)Never.Answer:(c)Skimming3 Who first made the writer realize that thinking for oneself is important?(a)The manager of an oil company.(b)The writers parents.(c)The writers maths teacher.(d)The writers friend Sarah.Answer:(c)Skimming4 How did the writer feel when she was asked to write“the sum of a number”?(a)Pleased,because it was an easy question to answer.(b)Bored,because she wasnt interested in maths.(c)Worried,because she was the only one who didnt know the answer.(d)Confused,because she didnt understand the question.Answer:(d)Skimming5 What did the writer do in the end?(a)She copied what someone else wrote.(b)She suddenly realized the meaning of the question.(c)She felt too frightened to write an answer.(d)She asked the teacher to explain.Answer:(a)Skimming6 What does the writer think of the maths teacher?(a)She was the best teacher she ever had.(b)She was the worst teacher she ever had.(c)She taught her an important lesson.(d)She valued the intelligence of her pupils.Answer:(c)Think for yourself 1 Thinking for yourself is still a radical act.译文译文DiggingMP32 Thinking for yourself is not a popularactivity,though it should be.Every step ofreal progress in our society has come from it.But in most circles,particularly in places thatshape our lives families,schools and mostworkplaces thinking for yourself is regardedwith suspicion.Some institutions thwart it onpurpose.It can be seen as dangerous.MP3Digging3 I was reminded of this sad fact at a partywhen a fellow guest asked me the subject of a book I was planning to write.I told him that it was about how people can help each other to think for themselves.“Oh dear,”he said,“I dont think much of that;I much prefer people do as theyre told.”I later found out that he is the fourth-generation president of one of the largest oil companies.译文译文MP3Digging4 When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words“to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level can think for themselves”?For that matter,when was the last time somebody asked you,“What do you really think,really?”and then waited for you to answer at length?译文译文MP3Digging5 This dearth should not surprise us.Hardly anyone has been encouraged,much less trained,to think for themselves,and their teachers and parents and bosses werent either.And neither were theirs.(We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates,but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself:not unmitigated encouragement.)译文译文MP3Digging6 Occasionally,however,we do have a teacher or mentor who truly wants us todevelop our own thinking.They give us glimpses.When I was 13 years old,I wasput into an advanced algebra course.On thefirst day the teacher,who was maligned bystudents as a hard teacher because she triedto get them to think,stood in front of theblackboard and said,“On the paper in frontof you write the sum of a number.”译文译文MP3Digging7 The entire class of 35 pubescent people just stared at her.She repeated the direction,“Write the sum of a number.”译文译文MP3Digging译文译文MP3Digging8 I remember my hand gathering sweat around the pencil.A few heads looked down and their pencils started up.I wondered what in the world they were writing.I saw the girl across the aisle from me lean forward and peer over the shoulder of the boy in front of her who was scribbling something.Then she scratched a figure and immediately covered it with her hand.9 The teacher paced and rubbed the chalk between her fingers.I wondered what she was about to put on the board.I was now the only one not writing.I leaned back and over my left shoulder whispered to my friend,“What is it?”译文译文MP3Digging10 “Seven,”she whispered back.MP3Digging 11 So I wrote“7”on my paper.I kept my head down,hoping I looked busy and confident.MP3MP3Digging12 After the agony among us had become tactile,the teacher asked us for our answers.The number 7 was prevalent.She walked slowly over to the board and wrote:“There is no such thing as the sum of a number.”MP3Digging13 I knew that.14 Why didnt you write it?15 Sarah said it was 7.16 Why did you ask her?17 Because I dont know.18 Thats right.From now on,think for yourself.Digging19 I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my young life to think very well in her presence.But I took the message with me and gradually examined and valued it.MP3DiggingI dont recommend humiliating people into thinking for themselves as she had.She certainly did not create a Thinking Environment for us.Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinking for ourselves,had she not fanned our fear of her,we would all have learned even more powerfully what it meant to do our thinking.And we might have been able to think well around her too.MP3DiggingMain idea of the text20 But at least she introduced the concept into my academic life.MP31 Thinking for yourself is still a radical act.(Para 1)The word“still”shows the writers impatience after all this time we are still thinking like sheep(盲目从众、没有主见的人)and following what everyone else does or thinks.Difficult sentences Difficult sentences 2 particularly in places that shape our lives families,schools and most workplaces thinking for yourself is regarded with suspicion.(Line 4,Para 2)The idea behind this sentence is that our lives are significantly influenced by places or social institutions like the family,school or workplace.For example,parents tend to make life choices for their children,schools make students wear uniform and obey the teacher,and most companies want their workers to follow regular procedures and not to express their opinions.The writer was shocked that a person in such a senior position should have such an opinion and prefer obedient employees to thoughtful ones.Difficult sentences 3 I later found out that he is the fourth-generation president of one of the largest oil companies.(Line 7,Para 3)The answer expected is that it is very rare for vision statements to say such things,even though the writer thinks it is what every organization should be aiming at.Difficult sentences When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words?(Line 1,Para 4)This is an example of irony:The expression is far too mild;clearly killing someone,ie Socrates,is very powerful discouragement to others who intend to follow him.not unmitigated encouragement:not a completely good encouragementDifficult sentences 5 (We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates,but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself:not unmitigated encouragement.)(Line 5,Para 5)The rather strange alliterative(头韵的)expression“pubescent people”instead of the more normal“teenagers”adds a touch of humour.Difficult sentences 6 The entire class of 35 pubescent people just stared at her.(Line 1,Para 7)The teacher drew out the event,creating suspense,and at that moment the tension in the classroom could even be touched.This is an exaggeration as agony cannot actually be touched,though sometimes physical symptoms are visible,eg sweating when strained.Difficult sentences 7 After the agony among us had become tactile,(Line 1,Para 12)Note the absence of quotation marks.This dialogue is not between the child and teacher but in the childs head.Difficult sentences 8 I knew that.(Para 13)Unfortunately,the teachers lesson did not really work at the time because her approach made the students so afraid of her that their brains would not work properly in her presence.for the rest of my young life:It refers to the time the writer spent at that school.Difficult sentences 9 I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my young life to think very well in her presence.(Line 1,Para 19)a Thinking Environment:It is an important concept in Nancy Klines book;it refers to an organizational atmosphere which makes people feel comfortable about thinking about their work and goals.Difficult sentences She certainly did not create a Thinking Environment for us.(Line 6,Para 19)It is a metaphor derived from fanning a fire/flame.The teacher did give them a valuable lesson but its impact was lessened by her also increasing students fear of her.Difficult sentences 11 had she not fanned our fear of her (Line 9,Para 19)radical释义释义a.radical opinions or acts are based on the belief that important political or social changes are necessary 激进的；极端的例句例句His radical ideas are likely to produce fireworks at the meeting.他的激进思想很可能在会上引起激烈的争论。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译I never dared be radical when young for fear it would make me conservative when old.我年轻时从来不敢激进，因为害怕年老时那会使我保守。particularly释义释义ad.used for emphasizing that something refers especially to one specific person,thing,or situation 尤其例句例句The environment has become a major political issue,particularly in the past decade.环境保护已成为了一个主要的政治问题，尤其是在过去10年里。翻译翻译WordsWords真题真题The automobile is losing its emotional appeal,particularly among the young,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices.(Jun.2009,CET-4,Vocabulary and structure)suspicion释义释义n.U a feeling that you do not trust someone or something 不信任；猜疑 例句例句Refugees tend to be treated with suspicion.难民常会遭人猜疑。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句New people in our town were regarded with suspicion.我们镇上的人对新来的人存有戒备心。翻译翻译suspicion释义释义n.C a feeling that someone has done something wrong（对某人做错事的）怀疑，猜疑，疑心例句例句She had a suspicion that Mr Engel was not being completely honest.她怀疑恩格尔先生没有完全说实话。翻译翻译WordsWords真题真题Imagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law,and the judge put the whole neighborhood under suspicion.(Dec.2010,CET-4,Listening Comprehension)例句例句Her suspicions were aroused by the smell of perfume on his clothes.他衣服上的香水味引起了她的怀疑。翻译翻译释义释义 例句例句They argue for the reform of existing political institutions.他们认为要改革现有的政治机构。翻译翻译WordsWordsn.C a large organization 社会机构，组织institutionAnd in the United States,institutions are helping place students in summer internships(实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers.(Dec.2007,CET-4,Skimming and Scanning)真题真题 例句例句That is a charitable institution for the education of young children.那是个从事儿童教育的慈善团体。翻译翻译subject释义释义n.C an idea,problem,situation etc that you discuss or write about 主题；话题例句例句Hes never mentioned the subject of money.他从未提到过钱的问题。翻译翻译WordsWordsOn the subject of space walks,for example,audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend.(Dec.2008,CET-4,Listening Comprehension)真题真题The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S.life.(Jun.2003,CET-4,Reading Comprehension)statement释义释义n.C something you say or write that states a fact or gives information in a formal way 说明；陈述例句例句He refused to make a statement to the press.他拒绝向媒体发表声明。翻译翻译WordsWords真题真题例句例句A will is a statement of who gets what when you die.遗嘱就是在你死后关于谁得到什么东西的陈述。翻译翻译“Welfare was a poison.It was a toxin(毒素)that was poisoning the family,”says Robert Rector,a welfare-reform policy analyst.(Jun.2000,CET-4,Reading Comprehension)poison释义释义vt.to kill someone or make them very ill by giving them poison 毒杀；毒害 例句例句He was suspected of poisoning his wife.他有毒死妻子的嫌疑。翻译翻译WordsWords 真题真题 真题真题They(foxes)are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.(Jan.2002,CET-4,Reading Comprehension)The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(杀虫剂)spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field,which invariably includes plants that dont have pest(害虫)problems.(Jun.1997,CET-4,Reading Comprehension)poison释义释义n.C,U a substance that can kill you or make you ill if you eat,drink,or breathe it 有毒物；毒药 例句例句Some mushrooms contain poison.有些蘑菇是有毒的。翻译翻译WordsWords 真题真题encouragement释义释义n.C,U words or actions that give someone confidence or hope 鼓励；鼓舞例句例句He received a lot of encouragement from his teacher.老师给了他极大的鼓励。翻译翻译WordsWords 真题真题We expect our pupils to do their best,not their least,and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.(Jan.1990,CET-4,Reading Comprehension)例句例句Mick was always ready to offer advice and encouragement.迈克总是乐于给别人建议和鼓励。翻译翻译glimpse释义释义n.C(of/into)an experience that gives you an idea of what something is like 窥见某物之一斑例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsThe exhibit gives us a glimpse of what life might be like in the future.这个展览让我们了解到未来的生活可能是什么样子。例句例句翻译翻译That smile afforded her a brief glimpse of the other side of Adam.亚当的微笑让她看到了他的另一面。glimpse释义释义n.C(of)an occasion when you see someone or something for a moment only 一瞥例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsSome fans had waited 24 hours outside the hotel to catch a glimpse of the film star.为了一睹这个电影明星的风采，有些粉丝已经在饭店外等了一天。A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business.(Jan.2003,CET-4,Reading comprehension)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译We caught just a glimpse of the sun on the cloudy day.在那个大阴天，太阳只露了一下脸儿。advanced释义释义ad.at a high academic level 高等的；高级的例句例句 翻译翻译 WordsWordsShe taught herself advanced mathematics from textbooks.她通过教材自学了高等数学。真题真题Universities are institutions that teach a wind variety of subjects at advanced levels.(Jun.2008,CET-4,Cloze)例句例句 翻译翻译 The lab has recently been updated to allow for more advanced courses.实验室最近经过更新，可以上更高级的课程了。advanced释义释义ad.based on the most recent methods or ideas 先进的例句例句 翻译翻译 WordsWordsIm sure that well catch up with the advanced countries within 20 years.我相信在20年内，我们一定能赶上先进国家。真题真题We are now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on information and knowledge.(Jun.2008,CET-4,Listening comprehension)例句例句 翻译翻译 Many are afraid that,without more training or advanced technical skills,theyll lose their jobs.许多人担心他们会因为缺乏进一步培训或先进的技术而丢掉工作。lean释义释义vi.(forward/back/towards/across etc)to move your body so it is closer to or further from someone or something 探身；弯腰；屈身例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords西莉亚弯腰捡起铅笔。Celia leaned forward to pick up her pencil.I had to keep changing the angle every time she leaned over to talk to him,or he leaned over to kiss her.(Jan.2002,CET-4,Cloze)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译女孩俯身过来想听一听出了什么事。The girl leaned forward to hear what was going on.lean释义释义vi.(against/on)to stand or be set at an angle against something for support instead of being upright 倾斜；倚靠；斜靠例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords别靠着围栏，那不结实。Dont lean on the fence.Its not very sturdy.Just lean it against the wall there.Use the ladder again any time.(Jan.1997,CET-4,Listening Comprehension)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译他手里拿着一杯饮料，靠在酒吧柜台上。He was leaning on the bar with a drink in his hand.peer释义释义vi.to look very carefully,especially because something is difficult to see 仔细看；（尤指）费力地看翻译翻译WordsWords她凝视着报纸上的那张小照片。She peered at the tiny picture in the newspaper.He peered at the computer screen,wondering what his programming mistake was.真题真题例句例句例句例句翻译翻译他盯着计算机屏幕，不知道程序哪儿出错了。scratch释义释义vt.(infml)to write something very quickly and carelessly 仓促写下例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords他仓促地写了封短信给妻子。He scratched a few lines to his wife.例句例句翻译翻译He scratched notes on a pad when the professor lectured.听教授讲课的时候，他迅速地在便签纸上记着笔记。scratch释义释义v.to pull your nails along your skin,especially because you have an itch that makes