高考英语阅读应考策略研究

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1、高考英语阅读应考策略研究,1. 引言 2. 理论依据 3. 应考策略,1. 引言 阅读的速度、理解的深广度是学生对英语文章阅读及理解能力水平的体现。在平时的教学中，适当运用并渗透阅读应考策略，来指导学生高效优效阅读，是提升学生阅读理解能力的关键。,2. 理论依据,2.1 从英语课程标准 看高中英语阅读教学的目标要求,2.2 从高考考试大纲 看高考英语阅读的能力要求,2.3 从高考阅读理解题型特征 看高中英语阅读的教学要求,2.1 从英语课程标准 看高中英语阅读教学的目标要求（八级）,能识别不同文体的特征； 能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句； 能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度； 能在教师的帮助下

2、欣赏浅显的文学作品； 能根据学习任务的需要从多媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理； 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。,即六个方面的要求,阅读材料 文 体 句子结构 文学欣赏 媒体信息 词 汇 量,2.2 从高考考试大纲 看高考英语阅读的能力要求,理解主旨和要义； 理解文中具体信息； 根据上下文推断生词的词义； 作出简单判断和推测； 理解文章的基本结构； 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。,2.3 从高考阅读理解题型 看高中英语阅读的教学要求,阅读理解，作为考查学生直接运用英语能力的主要题型，要求考生必须具有良好的阅读习惯和较高的阅读能力（即一定的快速阅读能力），必要的分析推理能力以及相当的准确

3、理解能力。纵观近几年的高考命题，考题已向知识的广度、理解的深度、阅读的速度方向发展。,3. 应考策略,3.1 重视阅读“三度”，提升理解水平,3.2 细析题型特征， 掌握解题技巧,3.3 巧破命题“微技”，拔高解题能力,3.4 善抓命题“破绽”，智取解题“密钥”,3.1重视阅读“三度”，提升理解水平,3.1.1阅读要有广度,3.1.2阅读要有深度,3.1.3阅读要有速度,3.1.1阅读要有广度,要选读体裁、题材多样化的有时代气息的文章;要让学生多掌握一些语言文化背景知识，向学生多提供一些供其精读和泛读的文章以加大语言材料输入量。,3.1.2阅读要有深度,注意选择一种内容广泛、话题时兴、难度适当

4、的国内外优秀英语的文章来读; 提供一些质量较高的文章,放弃那些质量一般的文章。,3.1.3阅读要有速度,加强提高学生阅读速度的随堂限时训练，力求每分钟阅读词数达到65-70之间。理解的正确率和速度是阅读理解成败的关键。平时要注意坚持意群阅读，克服指字读、声读、不断回视；一次一词等不良习惯。,教学案例,Unit 3, Module 9 Australia,I. Read the text on Pages 2223 and choose the best answers. 1. Which of the following is TRUE about Australia? (Facts) A.

5、It is a Continent instead of a country. B. It has the sixth largest population in the world. C. Much of the center of Australia is inhabitable area. D. Most population live in the south eastern coastal area. 2. From the passage, we know that _. (Inference) A. there are14 world Heritage Sites in Aust

6、ralia. B. the India-Pacific train can take you directly from Sydney to Darwin. C. on Australia Day every year, people are free to immigrate to Australia. D. you will enjoy the beauty of Cradle Mountain National Park from Adelaide Darwin.,3. The fourth reading passage is probably from _. A. a newspap

7、er article B. part of a tourist brochure C. a postcard from someone on holiday D. part of a text from an encyclopedia 4. Which of the following can not be used to describe Australia? A. large and developed B. rainy and wet C. friendly and attractive D. multicultural and respectful 5. How is the pass

8、age developed? A. by inferring and concluding B. by comparing and contrasting C. by giving subtitles and describing D. by explaining and reasoning,II. Fill in the blanks with the proper words after reading the text.（Missing-word Summary） Australia is the 1 largest country in the world and a mainly 2

9、 country; famous for its huge, open spaces, bright 3 , enormous number of sheep and cattle and its unusual 4 ; made up of 5 states. Citizenship 6 are planned around Australia On 26 7 , Australia Day, in over 200 locations 8 the nation, more than 9,000 people will become Australian 9 . When you trave

10、l in Australia, you will enjoy 3 nights on board the 10 , 2 nights on board the Ghan and tours outside Hobart.,sixth,dry,sunshine,wildlife,six,Ceremonies,January,across,citizens,Indian-Pacific,3.2 细析题型特征，掌握解题技巧,3.2.1 词义理解性问题,3.2.2 细节理解性问题,3.2.3 主旨和大意题,3.2.4 推理性问题,3.2.5 假设性问题 3.2.6 评价性问题,3.2.1 词义理解性问

11、题,问题形式： From the context(上下文),we can guess that the word “” means. The author uses the word “.” to mean. The term “.” means . According to the passage,.probably means. 解题技巧 ： （1）大纲要求的词汇； （2）上下文推断词汇的能力 。,实例分析：,NMET2010福建65The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”. Aaffect Bchange

12、Cdisturb Dreject 关键句: while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.”,3.2.2 细节理解性问题,问题形式： Which of the following statements is true/false? Which of the following shows the right order of.? According to the passage.,the author mentions.

13、 注意：有时问题会采用反向思维，题中含有not或 except等否定词，如： The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT. All of the following statements are true except.,解题技巧： （1）注意寻找线索词； （2）忠实于阅读材料； （3）注意句子逻辑关系； （4）注意识别指代词语。,实例分析： NMET2010福建 74All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_. Aof the same shape Bcovered

14、 with grass Cbuilt with a post in the centre Dbuilt with doorways at each end 分析：文章中多处出现的grass是Indian tribes建造房屋所必不可缺少的东西。由此可知，印第安人的屋子都用草盖着。,3.2.3 主旨和大意题,问题形式： The purpose of this passage is probably to tell. The author is primarily concerned with. The writer of the article mainly wants to tell us.

15、Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage? The main(central)idea/The best title/The main fact of the story suggests.,解题技巧： （1）文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)； （2）细读（scan）、跳读（skip)和略读（skim）等技巧；首尾段（句）； （3）归纳概括。,

16、实例分析： NMET2010福建 63What would be the best title for the passage? ATV Will Rule the World BTV Will Disturb the World CTV Will Better the World DTV Will Remain in the World 关键句： P1L1: “Television is still the most influential medium” P3L1: “Televisions most powerful effect will be on the lives of wome

17、n” P4L2:“However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide”,3.2.4 推理性问题,（1） 推理判断题的考查要求 具体细节 抽象含义 字面意思 深层含义 （包括作者的态度、观点、意图等，领悟作者的言外之意）； 句、段的含义及全文的逻辑关系 进行判断和推理,（2） 推理判断题的设题方式 常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问，或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can， could，

18、 might，would等和其他表示可能性的副词， 如probably，mostlikely等。,问题形式： 推测文章的观点或结论： Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 或It can be inferred from the passage that_. From the text we know/learn that _. From this passage, we can draw a conclusion that_. 或We can conclude from the paragraph that_.,推测

19、作者的意图、观点和写作目的及隐含意义： Which of the following statements does the passage support？ The purpose in writing this text is to_. The author implies_. What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage? In the passage, the author suggests that_. The author wants to appeal to_.,推断文中未曾说出的内容

20、： What probably happened in the end? The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_.,推断文章的出处： This passage would most likely to be found in_. The passage is most likely to be taken from_. 是非判断题： Which of the following is (not）true / false? 逻辑排序题： Which of the following describes ones log

21、ic in doing sth？,（3）探索推理判断题的解题技巧 利用客观信息进行推理 判断有据 推论有理 忠实原文,实例分析： NMET2010福建75. The passage suggests that _. A. all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses B. all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together C. the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while b

22、uilding their wigwams D. the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends 关键句：“They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near.”,全面分析信息进行推理 切忌片面思考， 只见局部，不见整体， 得出片面结论。,例：NMET2010福建 70It can be concluded that . Aeach sport will take only one hour Bst

23、udents will be charged for the four sports Call the sports will take place at Kowloon Peak Dteachers will accompany students on each sport 关键句： S 3：and finish 90 minutes later S3：all of which are free of charge,站在作者的角度分析推理 决不能以常识取代对文本的信息分析，根据 自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内 涵，加入自己的主观片面的想法和想象推断。,例：NMET2010福建 5

24、9The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about . AZeldas personal life BZeldas illness and treatment CFitzgeralds friendship with Graham DFitzgeralds contributions to the literary world,问题形式： What do you think had happened before.? What do you think would happen after.? This event

25、 probably took place in. 解题技巧： （1）注意逻辑推理判断，作出合理的预测。 （2）善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。 实例分析：（参见3.2.4 推理性问题）,3.2.5 假设性问题,3.2.6 评价性问题,问题形式： The tone of the passage can best be described as. The authors attitude toward.is one of. Which of the following best describes the writers attitude towards.?,解题技巧： （1）言外之意，

26、弦外之音。 （2）具体与抽象、现象与实质。 （3）感情、态度、观点、倾向性的词语。 （4）文化传统、风俗习惯、历史背景 实例分析：（参见3.2.4 推理性问题）,3.3 巧破命题“微技”，拔高解题能力,3.3.1 扩缩概念，巧设“是非”题 3.3.2 虚实交替，巧设“事实”题 3.3.3 改头换面，巧设“细节”题 3.3.4 偷梁换柱，巧设“推理”题,3.3.5 以偏概全，巧设“隐义”题 3.3.6 凭空想象，巧设“词义”题 3.3.7 妙用谚语，巧设“感想”题 3.3.8 一语双关，巧设“意图”题,3.3.1 扩缩概念，巧设“是非”题,NMET2008福建 66. Which of the

27、following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card? C. You can use the card in any shop across the world 关键句： Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Maestrocard or Visa logo.,扩大概念,NMET2010福建 61 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? BThe worlds TV sets will tot

28、al 150 million by 2013. 关键句： The global total is another 150 million by 2013,缩减信息,3.3.2 虚实交替，巧设“事实”题,NMET2007福建 56.Without Mr. Clark, the writer_. A. might have been put into prison 关键句： I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr. Clark wouldnt let that happen.,虚实交替,NMET2010福建 58.We can infer from

29、the passage that Fitzgerald . C. would have completed more works if his wife hadnt broken down 关键句：However, Fitzgeralds problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.,虚实交替,3.3.3 改头换面，巧设“细节”题,NMET2006福建 72.Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage .” e. Floodline w

30、as created after the Easter Floods of 1998. 关键句： the Easter Floods of 1998 has led to the creation of Floodline,改变词性,3.3.4 偷梁换柱，巧设“推理”题,NMET2006福建 67. From the advertisements above, we can learn that . B. families can enjoy Horse Rides on New Adventure Playground， C. Farm World provides lunches, sna

31、cks and fine dining， D. the Europe-wide student competition will be held on June 15, 2006 .,“拼凑”节目,“偷换”内容,“对换”动作（register）,3.3.5 以偏概全，巧设“隐义”题,NMET2006福建58. The underlined sentence People often end up living here longer than they planned. in the second paragraph implies that . there are many foreigne

32、rs in Japan B. Japan is good for nightlife C. they can teach English privately in Japan D. Japan has something more attractive than expected,Specific,General,NMET2010福建69.It can be inferred from the passage that . Chiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees Dstudents taking up the

33、 four sports should bring bottles of water,偷梁换柱,以偏概全,3.3.6 凭空想象，巧设“词义”题,NMET2006福建73. What does the underlined word “pager” mean in the passage? AA boy employed to carry luggage in hotels. BA piece of equipment designed to receive and show messages. CA page of papers written to offer messages. DA pe

34、rson invited to write pages of messages.,凭 空 想 象,3.3.7 妙用谚语，巧设“感想”题,NMET2008福建 60 What can we learn from Tannis success? A. Union is strength. B. Never too late to learn. C. Well begun is half done. D. No pains, no gains.,妙用谚语,3.3.8 一语双关，巧设“意图”题,NMET2008福建 67 The purpose of the passage is to show yo

35、u how to _. A. play your cards right,一语双关,玩（牌）,使用（use）,3.4 善抓命题“破绽”，找准解题“密钥”,3.4.1选项“牵连”，“暗示”答案 3.4.2用词“绝对”，削弱干扰 3.4.3设题“直白”，淡化理解,3.4.1选项“牵连”，“暗示”答案,NMET2010福建 58We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald . Ahad made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama Bwas well educated and well off before h

36、e served in the army,重复”干扰” 相互“排除”,NMET2010福建 64 DFirms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers environmental awareness. 66 Awill benefit from cutting carbon emissions 67. Cgain advantages by taking early action (to cut carbon emissions),“重复”、“透露”答案,NMET2010福建 70. Aeach sport will take only on

37、e hour 68.CHiking usually begins at 2:30 pm and lasts 2 hours,“时间”重复,NMET2010福建 71. Dremind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time 70. Dteachers will accompany students on each sport,“重复”、“暗示”,NMET2010福建 71.B. require the parents to select a sport for their child 69.B. every student can gain

38、admission to one of the four sports,“重复”、“暗示”,3.4.2用词“绝对”，削弱干扰,NMET2010福建 70It can be concluded that . Aeach sport will take only on hour Bstudents will be charged for the four sports Call the sports will take place at Kowloon Peak Dteachers will accompany students on each sport 75The passage sugges

39、ts that . Aall the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses Ball the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together,3.4.3设题“直白”，淡化理解,纯语法里的“时态”干扰 NMET2010福建 58We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald . Ahad made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama Bwas well educated

40、 and well off before he served in the army Cwould have completed more works if his wife hadnt broken down Dhelped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital,NMET2010福建 61Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? AAmericans used to get access to the Internet easily.

41、BThe worlds TV sets will total 150million by 2013. C45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005. DOver two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.,NMET2010福建 64Whats the main idea of the passage? ABusinesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers. BCo

42、mpanies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions. CFirms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home. DFirms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers environmental awareness.,NMET2010福建 66According to Harry Morrison, businesses . Awill benefit from cutting ca

43、rbon emissions Bshould buy carbon allowances for shoppers Care required to make up for their carbon emissions Dhave encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere,非智力上的“细心”干扰。 NMET2010福建 61Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? AAmericans used to get access to the Internet easi

44、ly. BThe worlds TV sets will total 150million by 2013. C45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005. DOver two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.,now,another,1995,well beyond,NMET2010福建 68 DStudents having swimming suits can take up swimming.,skilful at swimming

45、,小品词中的“介词”干扰 NMET2010福建 68 BStudents participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 pm.,before,NMET2010福建 73According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _. Awith openings in the trunk walls Blarge enough for several families Cin a ring shape with bark and mud Dby bending young trees to form the shape 74All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_. Aof the same shape,参考文献：,中华人民共和国教育部. 2010年普通高等学校招 生全国统一考试大纲英语M.北京：人民教 育出版社. 2006-2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试及 省市自行命题英语试卷,Thank You!,