初中英语被动语态专题

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1、初中英语被动语态专题 一、英语中的语态 英语的语态主要分为主动和被动语态两种形式。而这两种语态主要是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如： They speak English.他们讲英语。 主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示； English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。 主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was

2、opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式，即be + done. be动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作 为系动词的变化完全一样。三、主动语态与被动语态的转换 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态

3、两种时态要保持一致。（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.

4、杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.四、各种时态的被动语态 纵观近年的英语中考题，被动语态的考察主要是结合动词的时态进行的，下面我们列举一些常见事态的被动语态的有关内容：各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am / is / are + P.P.（1）Do they speak French ?（2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them ?The room isnt used by the

5、m .一般过去时was / were + p.p.（1）The hunter killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the hunter .Many stories was written by him last year .现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p.（1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by

6、 these workers . His car is being mended by him .过去进行时was / were + being + p.p.（1）He was selling books .（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time .现在完成时have / has + been + p. p.（1）She has learned many English word

7、s .（2）He has finished the work .Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时had + been + p.p.（1）They has solved the problem .（2）We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .一般将来时shall / will b

8、e + p.p.（1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 过去将来时would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week

9、. He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week .情态动词can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework .（2）You must answer the question in English .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must be answered in English

10、by you . 另外，被动语态也会和情态动词结合起来进行考察。情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 五、被动语态的注意事项1、只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg. 2、某些动词的进行时可表被动 The m

11、eat is cooking.肉在煮着。 The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。 The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。3、主动形式表被动意义。1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如： look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2）动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等 The book is worth readi

12、ng.这本书值得一读。 The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。3)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。 The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。4、 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上

13、介词“to”。eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） （被动语态）常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。5、 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let

14、 , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。6、 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”比较：（1） （2）六、练习题一、选择填空1.The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it .A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop form throwing2.Paper first invented in China

15、. A. is B. are C. was D. were3.Do you like the flower ? Yes , it sweet . A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow .A. was covered with B. was filled withC. was made of D. covered with5. The light in the room before you leave . A. must turn

16、of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann ? A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask7. The bridge in three weeks . A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds8. The old men and the children must in our country .

17、A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of9. Paul doesnt have to be made He always works hard . A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class . A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was lau

18、ghed at 11. We that the English test next Monday . A. are told , gives B. tell , will give C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given12. Great changes place in China since 1978 . A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took13. the red pencil-box by your father last week

19、 ?A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy14. Mary many songs at the party . A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing15. trees usually in April ?A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted16. When we got there , the broken road re

20、paired .A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /17. The windows of the room once a week .A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests . A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with19. The young tree the stick . A. s

21、hould be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with20. A present me by my friend on my birthday . A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to21. By was the book ?A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing22. Films about crime and violence

22、（暴力与犯罪） by young children . A. should not see B. should be not seen C. should not be seen D. should be seen23. In warm weather fruit and meat long . A. cant be kept B. dont keep C. is not kept D. arent keeping24. Half the worlds telephone calls in English .A. are made B. are making C. make D. is mad

23、e25. That building now . A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds26. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon . A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world . A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built28. His

24、school bag by a woman ten minutes ago . A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken29. It that she very clever . A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being30. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown . A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. a

25、sked31. Do you like this kind of paper ? Yes , it very nice . A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. Feels32. These books well . A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell33. The boy lost on his way home yesterday . A. got B. is C. gets D. has34. Though the coat is a bit large now , it me very soon

26、 . A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits35. Football everywhere in the world . A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays36. Everybody here was a present . A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving37. A new factory in our city last year . A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building38. All tre

27、es must well when it is dry . A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering39. This shirt silk . A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by40. These books good care of . A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken41. Stamps by people for sending letter

28、s . A. use B. in using C. used D. are used42. More trees next year . A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting43. When the Peoples Republic of China ? On October 1.1949 . A. did found B. was found C. was founded D. is founded44. Today , too many trees are still in the world .

29、A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. cutted45. This kind of machine Japan . A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of46. The teacher says that the man will .A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well looked after47. I think the shop . No , Its o

30、pen . It at six . A. is close close B. is closed closes B. C. closed closes D. is closed48. I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set 5 , 000 yuan . A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost49. Great changes place since he came here . A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. ha

31、s taken 50. He was seen something from the shop . A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 51. She has by her classmates . A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空1. Nearly everybody here （know）when the old museum （build）.2. The building can （see）from every p

32、art of the city ; It （build）many years ago . 3. Yesterday Tom （tell）me that his bike （break） last week . 4. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs . 5. Now he （be）asked if the meeting （hold）next Friday . 6. It is known to all that the moon （turn）round the earth . 7. Miss Li

33、often （use）a recorder in her English class . But she （not use）it tomorrow . 8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop . 9. English （speak）here . 10. The song （like）by us all twenty years ago . 11. The pictures （take）by Jack tomorrow . 12. The computer （can use）in the room .13. The room （pai

34、nt）now . 14. The novel （translate）into many languages since it was published . 15. That clock （call）Big Ben . 16. Last week , when I （ask）about English culture , I couldnt answer it well . 17. What language （speak）in your country ? 18. School football games often （hold）on Friday evenings . 19. The f

35、ilm （show）again sometime next week . 20. If anything （happen）to him , let me know . 21. the pair of new shoes （suit）you ? 22. The bottle （break）by the cat yesterday . 23. A tall tree （can , see）in the picture . 24. The sports meeting （hold）last week . 25. We （tell）yesterday that Jane would come back

36、 from Australia . 26. Look , Mr Smith （take）to the station by Mark in his car . 27. These trees should （water）after they （plant）.28. The TV set （make）in Beijing . It （make）last April . 29. Colour TVs （sell）in that shop . 30. When the Peoples Republic of China （found）?31. Have you moved into the new

37、house ? Not yet . The rooms （paint）now . 32. An American film often （show）on TV on Sundays . 33. She （tell）the good news as soon as she arrived . 34. Look ! A big modern bridge （build）over the river . 35. Dr Bethune （remember）by the Chinese people for ever . 36. A recorder often （use）in our English

38、class . 七、中考链接【2011北京】1. Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause【2011上海】2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed【2011天津】3. Tod

39、ay a lot of information can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving【2011重庆】4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted【2011陕西】5. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. i

40、snt allowed【2011安徽】6. Dont worry. Your package hereuntil you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept【2011山东】7.Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A. seeB. will see C. are seeingD. are seen【2011广东】8. People who drink wine

41、 _ to drive after May Day. A. dont allowB. isnt allowed C. mustnt allow D. mustnt be allowed 【2011江西省】9. What happened to Billy? He_ because of his drink-driving.A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught【2011河北省】10. The Spring Festival in January or February.A. celebrates B. is celebrat

42、ed C. celebrated D. was celebrated【2011河南省】11.Soft drinks_ to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day.A. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered【2011浙江丽水】12A friendly basketball match betweenteachers and students_ tomorrow afternoonAnybodyis welcomeA was held B. will b

43、e held Cis held D. must be held【2011辽宁沈阳】13. The computer is broken. it today?A. Will; repair B. Has; repaired C. Will; be repaired D. Has; been repaired【2011广西桂林】14. Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year. A. plantedB. are planted C. were plantedD. plants【2011黑龙江绥化市】15. Suihua is so beauti

44、ful. Its like a big garden. Yes. Many trees and flowers _in our city every year.A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted【2011江苏徐州】16. When will the birthday party _, on Monday evening or Tuesday evening?A. hold B. be held C. held D. be holding【2011内蒙古包头】17. It will be two days before the decis

45、ion_. A. has made B. will be made C. was made D. is made.【2011呼和浩特】18. -Did you go to Jims birthday party？ -No, I . A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited【2011呼和浩特】19. At last the boy was made and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to to stop to cry C. to stop crying D.

46、stop to cry【2011四川达州】20. Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has for about a month since she in the accident. A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed【2011?四川广元】21.English more and more widely (广泛) today. So we must learn it wel

47、l.A. uses B. used C. is used【2011?四川南充】22. How many people will_ to your birthday party? Twelve.A. invite b. be invited c. be inviting【2011四川宜宾】23.Computers _widely in our daily life.A . use B. used C. were used D. are used 【2011?广西柳州】24.Half of the work _ by now. A. has finished B. has been finishe

48、d C. have been finished【2011湖南岳阳】25.Every year lots of trees to make our country more beautiful. A. is planted B. are planted C. plant【2011湖南益阳】26. His car was by the police because he drove too fastA. stopping B. stopped C. stop (2011贵州毕节)27He likes reading very muchMost of his money on booksAis sp

49、ent Bspend Cspends Dare spent【2011广西梧州】28. A new cinema _ in our city last year.A. built B. was built C. will build D. is built【2011广东深圳】29. - When should I hand in my paper? Your paper must _ as soon as the bell_ . A. hand in; rings B. hand in; will ring C. be handed in; will ring D. be handed in:

50、rings【2011广西南宁】30. Trees _ every year to make our city greener. A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted【2011贵州贵阳】31. Were very glad to know that a greatsports meeting _ in Guiyang this September.A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold【2011四川雅安】32. A lot of trees _ on the hill

51、 yesterday. A. are planted B. will be planted C. have been planted D. were planted【2011山东枣庄】33. In the past the children were made _15 hours a day.A. to lock B. work C. to work D. lock【2011山东滨州】34. The Taiwan spotted deer, Fan Xing andDian Dian, _ to the Chinese mainland on April 16,2011.A have sent

52、 Bwere sending Cwere sentDhad sent【2011山东济宁】35. China has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami（海啸）. A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit【2011四川乐山】36. Who is that little boy in the photo, Oscar? Oh, its me! It _ when I was five years old. A. was takenB. tookC. wa

53、s taking 【2011浙江台州】37. How often do I need to feed the bird? They food every day, or they will be hungry. A. must give B. mustnt give C. must be given D. mustnt be give【2011浙江宁波】38. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _. A. save B. saved C. are saved D.were saved【2011山东聊城】39

54、. As everyone knows, rubbish _ everywhere. A. need be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may throw【2011广西广安】40. How clean and tidy your bedroom is! Thank you. It every day.A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned【2011 甘肃兰州】41. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family

55、but also by the government. A. is taking good care B.are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care【2011江苏南京】42.Its reported that Nanjing South Railway Station _at the end of this month.A. has been completed B. is completed C. was completed D. will be completed【2011山东威海】43.Who is the little girl in the picture? Its me. The picture _10 years ago.A. took B. is taken C. ha