英语语言学教学大纲(函授)

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1、英语语言学概论教学指南总学时：21一、教学目的和要求语言学导论是英语专业本科生专业限定选修课程，属英语专业知识课程之一，为语言学方向首选必修课程，是选修其它语言学分支课程的先决条件。本课程旨在通过系统地阐释语言和语言学领域中各个方面的基础理论，为学生今后的英语学习和理论研究奠定基础。通过语言学课程的学习，要求学生达到：1）了解语言学领域中的一些基本概念和专有名词的内涵；2）了解语言学传统分支领域的基础理论知识；3）能基本了解各个语言学流派的观点和主张；4）激发学生学习语言学的兴趣，能运用所学理论解释一些基本语言现象。二、教学内容、要点和学时安排第一章 绪论 （讲授3学时 研讨 1学时 自学 1

2、2学时）教学内容、要点 ：语言的定义、特征及功能；语言学的分类 。 教学方法：教学中采用教师为主导，学生为主题的教学模式; 采用启发式、讨论式的教学方法。自学要求：预习第二章，自学语言学中的几对重要区分。自学测试题：.Define the following terms design features arbitrariness duality displacement . Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statem

3、ent and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1.The feature that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker refers to _ .A. displacement B. cultural transmission C. schooling D. education2.Language is used to establish and maintain peoples status in a society is

4、referred to as _ function.A.emotive B.performative C.interpersonal D.informative 3. The fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning is referred to as _ of human language.A. Duality B. arbitrariness C. displacement D. cultural transmission4. The concept of co

5、mpetence is first put forward by _ .A. Hymes B.Chomsky C. Halliday D. Saussure5. A linguistic study is _ if it describes and analyses facts observed.A. prescriptive B. synchronic C. diachronic D. descriptive.Questions for discussion1.Comment on the merits and weakness of descriptive grammar and pres

6、criptive grammar. . 2. What kind of evident supports the idea that language is culturally transmitted ?3. Explain the primacy of speech over writing. 4. What distinguishes prescriptive studies of language from descriptive studies of language ?第二章 语音（讲授4学时 研讨 学时 自学 12学时）教学内容、要点：语音学的定义及分类；语音的分类及描述；音位学

7、及其与语音学的关系；语音、音位和音位变体；音位理论；超切分音位特征。教学方法：教学中采用教师为主导，学生为主题的教学模式; 采用启发式、讨论式的教学方法。自学要求：预习第三章，自学音位过程和区别性特征。自学测试题：.Define the following terms phoneme vowel consonant broad and narrow transcription. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the stat

8、ement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. The sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction of the air-stream at some point of the vocal tract are known as _ .A. consonants B. places of articulationC. vowels D. manners of articulation2. f is a _ .A. voiced bilabial stop B.

9、 voiceless bilabial fricativeC. voiceless labiodental fricative D. voiced labiodental fricative3.The soft palate is also called _ . A. Velum B. uvula C.alveolus D.vocal cord4. _ studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived.A. Phonology B. Phonetics C. Morphonology D. Syntax5.The

10、 study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is _ .A. morphology B. general linguistics C. phonology D. semantics6. _ is the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words and the number of which varies from one langue to another.A. Phone B.

11、 phoneme C. allophone D. morpheme7. _ is one of the suprasegmental features.A. Stop B.Voicing C. Deletion D.Tone.Questions for discussion1.In what ways do vowels differ from each other ? 2.Explain the difference between Chinese syllables and English syllables 3.Draw a diagram illustrating the Tongue

12、 positions of the eight primary cardinal vowels 4.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. Example: Face-/feis/Mall adjust fortune vaccinate wizard .5.Intonation has four grammatical functions. State any two of them, giving examples where necessary. 6.Why

13、 should we say stress is very important in English pronunciation?7. Exemplify the relationship between phone, phoneme and allophone8. Name the single feature that distinguishes the following pairs of sounds. (1) W : T (2)p :f (3) I :e第三章 词汇 （讲授4学时 研讨 学时 自学10 学时）教学内容、要点：词的三种意义；词的识别；词素的概念及分类；词汇变化。教学方法

14、：教学中采用教师为主导，学生为主题的教学模式; 采用启发式、讨论式的教学方法。自学要求：预习第四章，自学词汇变化。自学测试题：.Define the following termsacronymy on pen class blending back-formation assimilation. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in

15、the brackets.1. Which of the following words does NOT contain a derivational morpheme ?A. listening B.constuction C.quickly D.happiness2. A(n) _ is the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity.A. morpheme B. root C. affix D.stem3. Which of the following is N

16、OT inflectional affix ?A. ing B. est C. ment D. ed4. _ is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of inflectional affixes, such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and case.A. derivation B. inflection C. compounding D. conversion.Questions for discussion1.What are the t

17、ypes of morphemes ? 2. Illustrate free morphemes, derivational morphemes and inflectional morpheme. 第四章 句法学（讲授2学时 研讨 学时 自学20学时）教学内容、要点：句法学的定义；研究句法学的四种方法教学方法：教学中采用教师为主导，学生为主题的教学模式; 采用启发式、讨论式的教学方法。自学要求：预习第五章，自学生成法和功能法。自学测试题：.Define the following terms textual function theme deep structure concord . Re

18、ad each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. “The room is big” is an _ in structuralists analysis.A. ultimate constitute B. immediate constitute C. Exocentric construction D. endoce

19、ntric construction2.According to the Standard Theory of Chomsky, _ contain all the information necessary for the semantic interpretation of sentences.A.deep structures B.surface structures C. transformatioal rules D.PS-rules3.The genarative approach to syntax is originated with _ .A. Bloomfield B. C

20、homsky C. Firth D. Malinowski4.Which of the following is NOT an example of endocentric construction ?A. the three small chidren B. all the students here C. In the corner D.the teachers in school of foreign languages5. According to Vilm Mathesius, _ is the basis, or the starting point, of the utteran

21、ce.A. Subject B. rheme C. theme D. predicate.Questions for discussion1.In what ways modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar?2.What is the advantage of IC analysis ? Take “Drive the car near the station” as an example. 3.Draw a tree diagram for each of the following to show its syntactic

22、structure : 1 ) the man with the hat 2 ) The child found the puppy. 4. Using the phrase structure rules in the TG grammar, draw the possible labeled tree diagram (s) for the structure (s) of the following sentenceThe small boy caught the thief with a bicycle.5. Illustrate the deep and surface struct

23、ures . 6. How do you understand the claim that there are only two tenses in English, present and past ? 第五章 语义学（讲授4学时 研讨1 学时 自学12 学时） 教学内容、要点：语义学的定义；关于意义的几种描述；“意义”的意义；词与词之的语义关系；句与句之间的语义关系教学方法：教学中采用教师为主导，学生为主题的教学模式; 采用启发式、讨论式的教学方法。自学要求：预习第五章，自学词与词间的意义关系。自学测试题：.Define the following terms sense referen

24、ce semantic component denotation . Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. “wide/narrow” is an example of _ . A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. converseness D

25、complementary2. Which of the following is NOT an example of complementary antonymy ?A. alive / dead B. big / small C. male / female D. hit / miss3.The theory of “semantic triangle” is proposed by _.A. Saussure B. Halliday C. Chomsky D. Ogden and Richards4.The relation between rose and flower shows a

26、 kind of sense relation between words, namely _ .A. synonymy B. antonymy C. polysemy D. hyponymy.Questions for discussion1.Explain the term “componential analysis” in the study of semantics and then analyze the following two words with this method : boy girl2. Give examples to illustrate several app

27、roaches to meaning. 3. What seems to be the oddness in each of the following sentences in terms of semantic features ? The television drank my cup of tea.He murdered the stone ruthlessly.4. What do you know about the semantic features ? 5. What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is

28、 the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ? 6. compare a hyponymy in Chinese with the same one in English and explain the difference .7. Please list and explain the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech.8. What is shown in the following diagram ? concept word - thing第六章 语言的语用（讲授4学时 研

29、讨1 学时 自学18 学时）教学内容、要点：语用学的定义及语义学与语用学的关系；言语行为理论；会话含义理论。教学方法：教学中采用教师为主导，学生为主题的教学模式; 采用启发式、讨论式的教学方法。自学要求：自学会话含义的特征自学测试题：.Define the following terms. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the

30、brackets.Questions for discussion1.It is said there are four maxims of Cooperative Principle in making conversation. It is interesting and important to note that these maxims are not always strictly observed. Rather, for various reasons they are often violated. Some of these violations give rise to

31、conversation conversational implicatures. Consider the following exchange :A: Tom is an excellent linguist. Dont you think ?B: He is a good cook.What maxim does B violate in the exchange ? and what do you think would be the possible implicature of B ? 2.Talk about how people get the conversational i

32、mplicature form an utterance. 3.Why do we need two principles of conversation, i.e., the cooperarative principle and the politeness principle ?4. What is the distinction between sentence meaning and utterance meaning ? 5. How does the following exchange of conversation illustrate the Politeness Prin

33、ciple ?A : How do you like my painting ?B : I dont have an eye for beauty, Im afraid.三、成绩考核方式考查（命题）。四、预修要求 英语专业的基础课程，如语音、语法等。五、教材与主参考书目1. 胡壮麟 （2001），语言学教程（修订版），北京大学出版社 （教材）2. 胡壮麟、刘润清、李延福（1989），语言学教程，北京大学出版社3. 戴炜栋（2002），新编简明英语语言学教程，上海外语教育出版社4. 何兆熊、梅德明（1999），现代语言学，外语教学与研究出版社5. 刘润清（1995），西方语言学流派，外语教学与研究出版社6. 王德春（1999），语言学概论，上海外语教育出版社7. R.H.Robins.（2000） General Lingusitics. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 8. George Yule.（2004）The Study of Language. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press