太阳能光照数据 世界各地光照强度

《太阳能光照数据 世界各地光照强度》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《太阳能光照数据 世界各地光照强度（11页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、What is solar insolation?The amount of electromagnetic energy (solar radiation) incident on the surface of the earth. Basically that means how much sunlight is shining down on us.Why is knowing the insolation level useful?By knowing the insolation levels of a particular region we can determine the s

2、ize of solar collector that is required. An area with poor insolation levels will need a larger collector than an area with high insolation levels. Once you know your regions insolation level you can more accurately calculate collector size and energy output. What units are used to express Insolatio

3、n levels?The values are generally expressed in kWh/m2/day. This is the amount of solar energy that strikes a square metre of the earths surface in a single day. Of course this value is averaged to account for differences in the days length. There are several units that are used throughout the world.

4、 The conversions based on surface area as follows:1 kWh/m2/day = 317.1 btu/ft2/day = 3.6MJ/m2/dayThe raw energy conversions are:1kWh = 3412 Btu = 3.6MJ = 859.8kcalIs my regions insolation level low, moderate or high?The following scale is a basic guide for insolation levels. Although a value of 5 is

5、 not considered very high during the summer months, as an average annual value this is very high. You will see that in central Australia, which is a hot, sunny place, the annual average insolation is 5.89. You may compare you location to the following two extreme locations.Average annual insolation

6、levels:Central Australia = 5.89 kWh/m2/day - Very HighHelsinki, Finland = 2.41 kWh/m2/day - Very LowNow I know my insolation level, how do I calculate my collectors size? When determining what size collector you need, you must consider two key factors: insolation level and energy requirements. Energ

7、y requirement will usually take into consideration the volume of water and rise in temperature required. Once you know these factors you can determine the size collector you require. The bigger the collector you have, the more hot water, but you should make an economically sound decision. Generally

8、it is wise to select a size which will provide you with 90% of your hot water needs in the summer.Although it may seem strange to use a value of only 90% for summer solar contribution, it is for good reason. It is normal to size based on 100% of your summer hot water energy needs, with a percentage

9、provided throughout other months, lowest obviously in winter. That is based on normal water usage, but often, and particularly in the summer, water usage patterns may not be that normal, with cooler than normal showers taken in hot weather, and greater possibility of the house being vacant for one o

10、r two days each week (weekends). As such, using a target value of 90% will probably actually result in a system that is able to supply more than 100% of your hot water needs in the summer, without excessive heat production, which can lead to water loss via pressure release and a waste of energy.The

11、calculator below can help to determine how many evacuated tubes you require given your energy requirements. Solar collectors come in a set of standard sizing of 10, 20, 22 or 30, depending on your region. Of course you can also combine collectors to increase the size. If you get an answer that is no

12、t a standard size, as a general rule, select the next size down - this will prevent having too much heat in the summer.Depending on your preference, either Metric or Imperial values may be used to calculate the number of tubes required. Please note: 1 kWh/m2/day = 317.1 Btu/ft2/day Water Volume = Th

13、is should represent the actual volume of hot water used at the tap in total each day. Although most hot water systems have target temps of 60oC / 140oF, when showering a temperature of between 42oC / 107oF and 45oC / 113oF is normally used. Therefore 300L of hot water at the tap may only draw 220L o

14、f hot water (at 60oC / 140oF) from the storage tank. *Temperature Rise = target tap hot water temp - average mains cold water temp.Target hot water temp should usually be around 42oC / 107oF to 45oC / 113oFCold water usually fluctuates by about 10oC / 18oF between winter and summer. A check of your

15、local weather records should provide you with an idea of average cold water temperatures (normall about 10oC / 50oF in winter and 20oC / 68oF in summer, in mild regions).Apart from the three key factors used in the calculation above, you may also need to consider:1. Annually/daily shade patterns 2.

16、Angle/direction of installation (a less than ideal angle will reduce efficiency)6. Installation site (Do you have enough room for the collector(s)?) The estimations above are just a guide and are based on a average summer performance level of 70%. As explained above it is best not to oversize the sy

17、stem. Your local distributor may need to complete a onsite inspection to accurately assess your requirements and design a solar water heating system which suits your needs. For more information about performance and heat energy output please click here.Insolation Levels (Africa)Average Insolation (1

18、0 year average) kWh/m2/day CountryState/CityLatitudeLongitudeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear AvgBFOuagadougou12 24 N 1 30 E5.486.436.566.626.536.165.765.485.876.185.835.356.02CFBangui18 32 N120 36 E4.134.975.996.616.175.535.734.875.074.554.073.815.12CMYaounde3 48 N11 30 W4.945.385.164.684.4

19、64.425.175.075.035.45.294.834.98DJdjibouti11 33 N 43 09 E5.65.776.596.816.856.876.466.476.566.776.225.556.37DZalger36 50 N 3 E2.222.943.8755.886.697.236.485.153.532.432.024.45EG Cairo29 35 N31 09 E3.394.175.246.497.1187.887.46.425.073.863.195.68ETaddis abeba9 2 N38 42 E5.965.86.236.316.115.795.0355.

20、646.316.155.755.84GHaccra5 36 N 0 12 W5.656.015.655.3354.494.54.594.675.255.75.555.2GMgambia13 28 N16 39 W 5.015.936.676.926.726.065.485.095.35.675.364.955.76GNconakry9 36 N 13 36 E5.816.416.516.225.695.695.095.055.465.875.985.65.78KEnairobi1 16 S36 48 E6.056.246.075.75.425.144.885.095.786.035.485.6

21、5.62LRliberia6 30 N9 30 W5.435.725.595.315.114.614.254.194.675.135.245.25.03LYtarabulus32 54 N 13 11 E3.14.035.196.486.897.778.117.456.124.583.352.765.48MArabat32 32 N9 17 W3.133.865.096.086.897.317.346.85.694.373.252.825.21MLbamako12 30 N 7 54 E5.616.356.646.786.426.475.875.656.046.135.855.366.09MR

22、nouakchott17 45 N15 45 E5.316.216.87.547.577.637.26.96.786.345.494.886.55NEniamey13 30 N2 12 W5.426.396.726.796.756.316.075.786.076.165.795.296.12NGabuja9 12 N7 11 E5.576.336.226.15.895.474.924.655.125.825.815.425.61SDal khur-tum15 33 N32 32 E5.466.196.757.256.856.966.526.356.426.175.665.226.31SLfre

23、etown8 29 N13 14 W5.195.916.085.474.764.093.63.584.254.844.934.944.8SNdakar14 38 N 17 27 W4.845.776.566.816.75.75.155.015.135.465.034.635.56SOmuqdisho2 02 N 45 20 E6.386.816.716.285.855.455.215.616.156.1665.916.04TNtunis36 47.8 N10 6.8 E2.293.064.095.476.387.167.576.85.333.652.542.084.7Data courtesy

24、 of: NASA - Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data SetReference: Whitlock, C. E., et al., Release 3 NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Data Set for Renewable Energy Industry Use. Rise & Shine 2000, the 26th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada Inc. and Solar, Oct. 21-24,

25、 2000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Please note: If your region is not listed please visit the NASA website where you can search for insolation value for any areas of the world. You will need to obtain a free username and password to gain access.Insolation Levels (Asia-Pacific)Average Insolation (1

26、0 year average) kWh/m2/day CountryCityLatitudeLongitudeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear AvgAEAbu Dhabi24 28 N54 22 E3.924.505.225.877.067.336.906.646.395.534.543.795.64AUAdelaide34 55 S138 36 E7.26.585.183.852.652.232.483.24.465.696.596.744.74 AUBrisbane27 99 S153 8 E6.936.095.444.343.53.293

27、.524.435.626.186.746.935.25 AUHobart42 52 S147 19 E5.975.334.052.731.791.441.682.413.64.785.926.183.82 AUMelbourne37 47 S144 58 E6.786.224.763.42.291.842.042.793.945.276.286.464.34 AUPerth31 57 S115 52 E7.76.755.414.163.062.672.893.664.766.097.047.765.16 AUSydney34 S151 0 E6.345.684.873.62.742.52.67

28、3.534.675.616.326.64.59 BDDhaka 23 42 N90 22 E4.445.085.876.065.504.414.094.374.174.504.374.134.75CNBeijing39 55 N116 25 E2.372.923.585.614.835.685.424.494.253.202.662.043.92CNNanjing32 03 N118 53 E2.042.222.654.503.844.474.934.503.673.022.882.083.40CNShanghai31 10 N121 28 E2.292.633.074.544.384.595

29、.525.234.033.392.972.384.01CNHongkong22 18 N114 10 E2.592.563.063.934.134.745.814.954.684.053.562.934.18IDJakarta6 11 S106 50 E4.154.595.004.944.884.715.095.465.665.364.764.475.03ILTel Aviv32 05 N34 46 E2.783.54.736.036.867.877.817.226.194.633.322.625.73IRTabriz38 48 N46 18 E1.792.403.374.585.546.71

30、6.976.065.203.262.141.564.13IRTehran35 40 N51 26 E 2.232.843.725.125.997.327.206.415.593.902.612.024.58IRMashhad36 16 N59 34 E2.222.973.885.216.297.497.416.785.704.132.782.064.74IRBandar Abbas27 15 N56 15 E3.634.435.146.297.437.967.416.976.585.514.293.375.75INNew Delhi28 N77 E3.684.475.506.607.086.5

31、55.014.625.114.994.153.425.10INBombay18 33 N72 32 E5.226.036.667.056.774.593.543.404.725.395.154.805.28INBangalore12 57 N 77 37 E5.005.906.446.426.134.764.484.594.984.684.344.405.18IQBaghdad33 20 N44 24 E2.793.644.595.766.838.107.977.296.254.443.042.525.27JOAmman31 57 N35 57 E2.933.674.836.046.887.9

32、17.867.276.254.713.472.765.80JPTokyo35 45 N139 38 E2.312.993.704.905.074.474.885.423.822.982.502.234.00KHPhnom penh11 33 N104 51 E5.275.786.025.765.094.304.554.074.344.414.885.034.85KPP yongyang39 N125 18 E2.503.354.505.175.605.354.514.634.223.512.462.094.20KRSeoul37 31 N127 E2.623.404.295.245.635.1

33、54.264.553.993.642.602.244.16LAVientiane18 07 N102 35 E4.304.945.525.745.114.244.224.194.614.264.214.244.63LBBeirut33 54N35 28E2.643.44.636.036.967.97.847.196.134.53.142.445.68MMYangon16 47 N 96 09 E5.406.066.656.695.143.243.302.994.124.514.825.054.65MNUlaanbaatar47 55 N106 54 E1.792.774.245.536.266

34、.155.554.884.173.001.821.404.30MYKuala Lumpur3 07 N101 42 E4.545.275.145.054.804.984.914.784.544.514.234.074.70NZAuckland36 52 S174 45 E6.375.94.713.432.4422.252.954.135.236.056.564.34 NZChristchurch43 32s172 37e5.94.953.862.751.721.311.472.153.34.345.435.643.57 NZWellington41 17 S174 47 E6.275.314.

35、1731.951.541.742.463.664.75.736.013.88 OMMascat23 37 N58 37 E4.345.005.856.697.547.566.916.716.555.934.954.236.29PHCebu10 19 N123 54 E4.535.155.836.255.904.834.764.934.964.754.494.445.07PHManila14 37 N120 58 E4.825.626.426.756.194.964.944.414.864.634.594.505.22SARiyadh24 39 N46 42 E4.034.925.566.247

36、.277.997.867.466.835.804.583.826.03SGSingapore City1 N103 E4.435.525.055.054.624.664.514.614.494.503.983.934.61THBang Kok13 45 N100 30 E4.424.654.845.034.753.774.223.463.633.894.164.404.27THChiang Mai18 N99 E4.795.516.116.295.534.444.164.184.504.344.284.484.88TRAnkara39 57 N32 53 E1.772.383.694.545.

37、536.636.996.555.223.241.991.514.17VNHanoi21 N105 54 E2.522.943.814.344.664.514.624.624.573.643.293.173.89YEAden12 50 N45 02 E5.455.786.526.486.716.726.336.336.416.545.995.396.22Data courtesy of: NASA - Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data SetReference: Whitlock, C. E., et al., Release 3 NASA Su

38、rface Meteorology and Solar Energy Data Set for Renewable Energy Industry Use. Rise & Shine 2000, the 26th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada Inc. and Solar, Oct. 21-24, 2000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Please note: If your region is not listed please visit the NASA website w

39、here you can search for insolation value for any areas of the world. You will need to obtain a free username and password to gain access.Insolation Levels (Europe)Average Insolation (10 year average) kWh/m2/day CountryState/CityLatitudeLongitudeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear AvgATVienna48

40、13 N16 22 E1.101.812.803.764.765.125.724.983.682.151.280.933.52BEBruxelles50 45 N4 30 E0.741.312.293.684.674.484.824.202.861.730.920.563.02BGSofija42 40 N23 18 E1.52.042.974.0555.86.295.684.462.751.621.273.99CYLimassol34 40 N33 03 E2.523.264.546.006.857.817.807.186.114.433.022.315.61CRZagreb45 29 N1

41、5 35 E1.302.002.943.915.035.375.935.193.942.391.391.093.72DEHamburg53 33 N9 59 E0.541.112.093.684.864.474.473.892.591.480.690.402.52DEMunich48 05 N11 23 E1.051.802.823.954.844.655.144.463.202.001.020.792.98ESMadrid40 25 N3 41 W1.932.754.094.835.856.527.116.304.913.071.971.594.62ESMalaga36 42 N4 42 W

42、2.523.244.515.406.357.097.646.815.393.702.582.145.16ESBarcelona41 24 N2 9 E1.892.713.974.995.826.567.016.074.723.112.041.704.60ESAlicante38 40 N0 30 W2.233.024.265.396.136.897.346.535.113.452.341.944.94FXLyon45 46 N4 50 E1.261.973.024.084.975.406.035.233.932.271.431.083.74FXParis48 52 N2 20 E0.891.6

43、22.623.954.904.835.354.613.332.001.120.723.34FXToulouse43 37 N1 26 E1.392.143.194.034.825.165.865.074.092.481.581.253.75GRAthens38 N23 43 E2.002.523.675.216.387.527.616.915.573.502.161.634.56HUBudapest47 30 N19 3 E1.001.712.763.905.035.305.624.843.572.241.170.883.17IEDublin53 20 N6 15 W0.561.071.973

44、.324.404.304.303.402.691.430.770.432.39ITMilan45 28 N9 12 E1.271.892.913.654.845.365.975.213.912.401.421.083.33ITRome41 53 N12 30 E1.782.523.714.875.986.847.086.344.833.081.981.564.21NLAmsterdam52 21 N4 54 E0.611.212.273.764.884.734.784.132.801.600.780.452.67NOOslo59 56 N10 44 E0.30.871.683.124.654.

45、844.593.362.221.020.420.192.27ROBucharest44 26 N26 06 E1.361.942.913.945.035.66.155.534.152.591.371.13.47PTLisboa38 42 N9 11 W2.272.994.35.156.136.466.896.335.113.442.271.844.43PTOviedo43 21 N5 50 W1.672.293.444.595.566.326.865.954.512.711.771.463.93UAOdessa46 30 N30 46 E1.081.782.683.875.45.76.395.

46、633.962.451.060.873.41UKEdinburgh55 55 N3 10 W0.440.941.863.184.334.344.133.412.431.20.590.322.26UKLondon51 32 N0 5 W0.671.262.223.484.544.514.744.012.861.650.890.522.61SZBern46 57 N7 26 E1.11.772.743.64.75.075.684.953.662.181.260.923.14SZLausanne46 32 N6 39 E1.101.812.803.764.765.125.724.983.682.15

47、1.280.933.17YUBeograd 44 50 N20 30 E1.291.892.923.864.885.4565.34.052.51.41.113.39Data courtesy of: NASA - Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data SetReference: Whitlock, C. E., et al., Release 3 NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Data Set for Renewable Energy Industry Use. Rise & Shine 200

48、0, the 26th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada Inc. and Solar, Oct. 21-24, 2000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Please note: If your region is not listed please visit the NASA website where you can search for insolation value for any areas of the world. You will need to obtain a

49、free username and password to gain accessInsolation Levels (Canada)Average Insolation (10 year average) kWh/m2/dayStateCityLatitudeLongitudeJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear AvgABEdmonton53o 34 N113o 31 W1.45 2.36 3.41 4.25 4.91 5.42 5.55 4.76 3.52 2.18 1.43 1.21 3.37 BCVictoria48o 25 N123o 1

50、9 W1 1.82 2.93 4.01 5.13 5.54 5.85 5.28 3.88 2.17 1.11 0.86 3.29 MBWinnipeg49o 54 N97o 14 W1.21 2.08 3.27 4.55 5.54 5.8 5,85 4.84 3.32 2.211.33 1.02 3.41 NLSt. Johns45o 19 N65o 53 W1.56 2.27 3.48 4.19 4.76 5.05 5.05 4.54 3.53 2.29 1.43 1.27 3.28 NSHalifax44o 39 N63o 34 W1.562.313.464.094.825.275.414

51、.863.922.541.531.33.42ONToronto43o 41 N79o 38 W 1.44 2.27 3.19 4.13 5.15 5.83 5.67 4.82 3.66 2.47 1.48 1.20 3.44 QCMontreal45o 28 N73o 45 W 1.45 2.36 3.41 4.25 4.91 5.42 5.55 4.76 3.52 2.18 1.43 1.21 3.37 SKRegina45o 19 N65o 53 W 1.14 1.96 3.02 4.69 5.48 5.79 6.14 4.96 3.42 2.29 1.30 0.95 3.42 Data

52、courtesy of: NASA - Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data SetReference: Whitlock, C. E., et al., Release 3 NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Data Set for Renewable Energy Industry Use. Rise & Shine 2000, the 26th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada Inc. and Solar, Oct. 21-24, 2000, Halifax, Nova Scot