《Literacy翻译版》PPT课件.ppt

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1、,English First Xian Reading Classes 认读课程,Contents 主要内容,What reading actually is什么是认读 Why learn to read?为什么要学习认读？ Course overview课程概述 Teaching methodology教学方法 Methodology benefits学习认读的好处,Reading认读,Reading English requires knowledge and understanding of the sounds and their relationship to the written

2、 form. Three of the key aspects of reading are: 认读英语需要了解发音以及发音和书写关系方面的知识，主要有以下三个方面： Phonics语音 Phonemes音素 Graphemes形素,Phonics语音,Phonics is the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (the sounds of spoken language) and 音位（口语中的语音 ） graphemes (the letters and spellings t

3、hat represent those sounds in written language) 字形（书面语中用来表示发音的字母或拼写形式）,Phonemes音素,A phoneme is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words音位是最小的能够辨别意义的语音单位 English has about 41 phonemes. A few words, such as a or oh, have only one phoneme. Most words, however

4、, have more than one phoneme: 英语中大约有个音位。有些单词比如a或oh只包含一个音位，而大部分单词却包含不止一个音位 if has two phonemes (/i/ /f/)if包含两个音位 check has three phonemes (/ch/ /e/ /k/)check包含三个 stop has four phonemes (/s/ /t/ /o/ /p/)stop包含四个 Sometimes one phoneme is represented by more than one letter 有的音位由多个字母组成,Graphemes形素,A gra

5、pheme is the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word 字形是书面语中用来表示单词拼写的最小单位 A grapheme may be just one letter, 字形可能是只由一个字母组成 such as b, d, f, p, s 比如b, d, f, p, s or several letters, such as ch, sh, th, -ck, ea, -igh或多个字母组成，比如ch, sh, th, -ck, ea, igh,Phone

6、mic Awareness音素意识,Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words 音素意识是一种能力，它是指在说话中能够注意到，思考并能够使用单个发音的能力 Before students learn to read, they need to become aware of how the sounds in words work 在学生学习认读以前，他们学要了解音素在单词中是如何发音的,Why learn to rea

7、d?为什么要学习认读？,Learning to read in English is a key tool for becoming a competent English user. 学习英语认读对自信说英语起关键性作用 Being able to read 如果能够认读，那么 greatly accelerates the learning of English 您英语学习的速度将大大加快 promotes autonomous learning 您也可以通过规则轻松进行自学 more efficient study 您英语学习的效率也会提升 demystifies the languag

8、e and removes barriers 英语对您也不再神秘，语言障碍轻松打破 aids memory by providing different pathways in the brain 您也将多学会一种记忆语言的方式 gives a better, more complete overview of the language 您也可以更好更全面的了解英语,English First Xian Literacy Course认读课程安排,3 stages分三个阶段 1 stage is 10.5 ach (7 x 60 minutes) 个阶段10.5个课时 Every lesson

9、 of every stage has been planned (materials still need to be made) 每个阶段的课程都已安排好，讲义还需等待 1 foreign teacher, 1 Chinese assistant 中外教结合 Students given a placement test入学需测试 15 minute parent presentation in the last class最后一次课的最后十五分钟为观摩课 Students given a certificate upon completion of each stage每完成一个阶段都将

10、颁发证书,Stage 1第一阶段,Alphabet字母学习 Individual letter sounds字母发音学习 Basic 2 and 3 letter words两到三个字母组成的单词发音练习 big cat run,Stage 2第二阶段,Review of Stage 1 material复习第一阶段内容 Letter combinations: wh, th, ch, sh, oo, ee, ou, ph and ea 学习字母组合wh, th, ch, sh, oo, ee, ou, ph and ea Basic 4 and 5 letter words containi

11、ng these 包含以上字母组合的四到五个字母长的单词发音练习 Basic sentences基本句型练习（会认读但不一定懂意思） You must eat food each day. Wheels on a bus go round and round.,Stage 3第三阶段,Review of Stages 1 and 2 materials复习第一和第二阶段内容 More common letter combinations: ing, igh 学习更多字母组合，例如：ing，igh More complex reading rules: long vowel sounds whe

12、n e is added to the end of a word学习更复杂的认读规则，例如：给tim末尾加上e就成了time，发音也变了 tim - time Basic common words 一些基本的常用单词发音练习 we, what More basic (useful) sentences 更多基本实用句型练习 This is my book. How old are you?,Teaching Methodology教学方式,Low student teacher ratio小班授课 Homework given each class每次课后布置作业 Interactive c

13、lasses that cater to different learning styles多种教学方式互动教学 Visual (You prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding). 视觉 Auditory (You prefer using sound and music). 听觉 Verbal (You prefer using words, both in speech and writing). 语言 Physical (You prefer using your body, hands and sense of

14、touch). 身体,Phoneme Identity音位辨认练习,Students recognise the same sounds in Different words. 学生需要能够在不同的单词中找出相同的音位 Teacher: What sound is the same in 例如：下面三个单词中相同的音位是什么 fix fall fun,Phoneme Blending音位合并练习,Combining 2 or 3 letter sounds to make a word合并两到三个音位来拼成一个单词 Students listen to a sequence of separa

15、tely spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word. 学生需要听几个单独的音位，然后将它们拼起来，最后需要写出来并能够认读 Teacher: What word is /b/ /i/ /g/? Students: /b/ /i/ /g/ is big. Teacher: Now lets write the sounds in big: /b/, write b; /i/, write i; /g/, write g. Teacher: (Wr

16、ites big on the board.) Now were going to read the word big.,Phoneme Segmentation音位分段练习,Students break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap out or count it. Then they write and read the word. 学生需要将一个单词分成多个音位，然后再分别将这些音位写出来，最后需要拼读这个单词 Teacher: How many sounds are in grab? Stu

17、dents: /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. Four sounds. Teacher: Now lets write the sounds in grab: /g/, write g; /r/, write r; /a/, write a; /b/, write b. Teacher: (Writes grab on the board.) Now were going to read the word grab,Phoneme Categorisation音位分类练习,Students recognise the word in a set of three or four words

18、that has the “odd” sound. 学生需要在几个单词当中找出一个和其他单词发音不同的单词 Teacher: Which word doesnt belong? bus bun rug,Phoneme Substitution音位替换,Students substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. 学生需要用一个音位去替换单词中的一个音位，从而形成一个新的单词 Teacher: The word is bug. Change /g/ to /n/ Whats the new word? Students: Bun,

19、Phoneme Addition音位增加练习,Students make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word. 学生给已有单词之前或之后增加一个音位，从而形成一个新单词 Teacher: What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park? Students: Spark.,Phoneme Deletion音位删减练习,Students recognise the word that remains when a phoneme is removed fro

20、m another word. 学生需要从一个已有单词中删去一个音位，从而得到一个新单词 Teacher: What is smile without the /s/? Students: Smile without the /s/ is mile,Methodology Benefits教学的好处,Effective and progressive steps 阶段连续，效果明显 Students understand methods and are aware of their progress学生们也能明显发觉自己的进步 Students can clearly show us that they have phonemic awareness by using these methods我们也可以从学生身上发现他们通过认读课程的学习已经开始形成音位意识 Parents can clearly see their children have phonemic awareness家长最后可以明显发现孩子们开始具备了音位意识,Thank you, any questions?,