that引导的宾语从句.ppt

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1、宾语从句,什么是宾语从句？,试比较：,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是用一个句子来充当宾语 。,简单句,复合句,宾语从句分为三类：,(1) that引导的宾语从句 I hope (that) it will snow this winter.,(2) whether/if引导的宾语从句 Im not sure if he will come.,(3) 疑问词引导的宾语从句 I want to know what he will do next.,例如： I hope (that) it will sno

2、w this winter. Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air. I know (that) he is friendly.,注：that没有任何词汇含义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下that可以省略。,当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望、相信、知道、说”时，(如： say, think, believe, expect, hope, wish，know， see, feel, remember, forget等）其后面的句子一般用that引导。,（一）引导词,(二) 语序,宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语

3、序。,例如： Ihear(that)physicsisnteasy. Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.,(三) 时态,当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句可根据实际情况而使用不同的时态。,2.当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句通常也要用过去的某种时态。（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,He will go to Hong Kong . He is sick. He is reading a book . He has finished his work.,he had finished his work.,he would go to

4、 Hong Kong .,he was sick.,he was reading a book .,3.当宾语从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。,He told me the earth around the sun. （move）,moves,Summer is after Spring .,He told me (that),the sun rises in the east.,The teacher told us (that),宾语从句三要素,that(陈述句),ifwhether(一般疑问句),特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句

5、),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理时态不变,否定转移,当宾语从句表示否定意义时，且主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think /believe /suppose /imagine等时，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中,这就叫做“否定转移”。,误：I think he wont come.,我认为他不会来。,正：I dont think he will come.,注意：上述情况变成反意义疑问句时，附加问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加问句要看主句。试比较：,I think he is wrong, isnt he? He thin

6、ks he is wrong, dont he？,Thank you!,Complete the sentences.,（1）Sally said, “Its very quiet!” Sally said _.,（2）Sally said, “No one is shouting.” Sally said _. （3）Lingling said, “The air is very clear today.” Lingling said _.,that no one was shouting,that the air was very clear that day,that it was ve

7、ry quiet,Lets Practise.,宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose，expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.,主句的谓语动同 think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般 要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。 I dont belie

8、ve that man is killed by Jim, is he? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?,如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的词, 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?,当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。 Your sist

9、er supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?,宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑

10、问词，引导词后陈述式。,(4) Daming said, “Everyone is cheering now.” Daming said _.,that everyone was cheering then,(5)Tony said, “Its very noisy here!” Tony said _.,that it was very noisy there,宾语从句的时态受主句的限制 1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前则从句要用过去完成时态。例: 1 ) She says that she is a

11、 student. She said that she was a student. 2) She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.,3) She says that she has finished her homework already: She said that she had finished her homework already: 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或亊实时，这时宾语从句要用一般 现在时态。 例： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that light travels faster than sound.,