英语四级短语讲义必看.ppt

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1、模板与解说,对立观点型,这类作文的主线是：某一事物或现象其优缺点或有关的正反面观点“我”的态度或看法。其框架也相对固定，三段分别可以这样展开： 第一段：引出有争议的两个观点； 第二段：对两个观点分别进行详细的论述，可以分为两小段进行； 第三段：总结、陈述自己的观点。 结合四级考试的特点，本讲座对部分历年真题制作了套用模板并提供了范文，以供参考。,例：Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (2005年12月) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write

2、a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese below: ）名校校园正成为旅游新热点； ）校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同； ）我认为,模板一 第一段： Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in . (点明新热点) Therefore, there is a hot debate over . (

3、切入话题) 第二段： Some people are in favor of the idea of . (概述一方观点) They believe that . (详述理由一) They also argue that . (详述理由二) 第三段： However, other people stand on a different ground. (概述一方观点) They consider . (详述理由一) Whats more, they firmly point out that . (详述理由二) 第四段： There is some truth in both argument

4、s. (双方各有道理) But I think the advantages of overweigh the disadvantages. (但是利大于弊) In my opinion, . (总结自己的观点),例：ls a Test of Spoken English Necessary?（年月） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence

5、has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1)很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 ）也有人持不同意见 ) 我的看法和打算。 A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET)._,摸板二 第一段： A test of

6、 spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (C ET).(首句已给出) But as to the view of _, there are some controversies(争议) among people. (提出问题) 第二段： Many people hold that_.(概述一方观点) In the first place,_.（详述理由一） In the second place,_.（详述理由二） 第三段： Some people, howeve

7、r, take a different attitude. （转折，承上启下） They consider_.（概述另一方观点） There are two reasons for this.（引出原因） One is that_.（详述理由一） The other is that_.（详述理由二） 第四段： As for me,_.（阐述自己的观点） So I_.（得出结论）,二、道理论证型 道理论证型论说文是对某一事物或现象进行分析和论证。它与对立观点型论说文的最大区别在于前者通常是就某一个明确的观点进行分析和论证，而后者针对两个对立的观点进行对比论证，由作者在最后表明自己的立场。 道理论

8、证型论说文一般按下列框架展开： 第一段：开篇引出题目要求评论的观点，并给出不同看法； 第二段：详细阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣之处； 第三段：总结并给出自己的见解。 曾出现过的道理论证型真题有：It Pays to Be Honest（年月），Dons Hesitate to Say “No”（年月）。,例： It Pays to Be Honest（年月） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Hnest. You sho

9、uld write at least 100 words according to the outline given belpow in Chinese: ）当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象； ）诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。,模板 第一段： It is true that_.（指出普通的观点） However,_.（叙述不同的观点） 第二段： I think_.（提出自己的观点，即文章的论点） The reasons can be listed as follows.（开始论证） Firstly,_.（论证理由一） Secondly,_.（论证理由二） For example,_.（举例） T

10、hirdly,_.（论证理由三） A case in point is that_.（举例） 第三段： It goes wothout saying that（不用说）_.（指出执行该观点时的注意事项） In conclusion,_.（总结全文）,It Pays to Be Honest It is true that most of us value honesty highly. However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating , overcharging, fake commodities a

11、nd so on. I think that we should be honest. The reasons can be listed as follows. Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by others over a long period of time.Secondly, honesty, as a traditional virtue of Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. For example, if fewer

12、students cheated in exams, exams would be made much simpler. Thirdly, honesty can make our society more stable. A case in point is that Singapore, a society featuring trust and integrity, has a comparatively low crime rate. It goes without saying saying that being honest is of great benefit to both

13、the community and individuals. In conclusion, honesty should be encouraged in our society. (140 words),Be of具有.性质,内容 is of great benefit to both the community and individuals:对社会和个人都大有益处。be of benefit相当于 be beneficial,类似的词组还有： be of great importance,相当于be very important.,It Pays to Be Honest It is t

14、rue that honesty, as a virtue of mankind, has been challenged in the modern sociery as we encounter more and more dishonest people and things. However, when asked the question of whether we need to be honest, my answer is “Yes”. I think it pays to be honest. The reasons can be listed as follows. Fir

15、stly, honesty is essentially important in establishing trust among people. Secondly, to be honest brings benefits to people around you . For example, your classmates may find it easy to communicate with you. Thirdly, you yourself will benefit from being honest. You will be blessed with使有幸得到，a stable

16、 marriage, many friends and more importantly, a peaceful heart. It goes without sayong that your life will be meaningful as you will be appreciated and remembered as an honest person. In conclusion, it is definitely rewarding to be honest because you will get more than you pay. (151 words),三、问题解决型 问

17、题解决型论说文立意在“How”，以“方法”、“途径”、“怎么办”为文章的核心，主要遵循“提出问题分析原因提出解决办法”的模式。问题解决型命题在历年四级真题中出现过4次，占近11年四级命题总数的17%。 最典型的问题解决型命题通常以“How”开头，如：How to Succeed in a Job Interview？（2001年1月），How I Finance My College Education（2001年1月）。此外，考生从给出提纲中出现的词“该怎么办”也可以推断其属于问题解决型。 问题解决型作文的一般框架是： 第一段：引言，对现状、形势或困难进行描述，提出问题； 第二段：途径与方法

18、，列举做某事的途径或解决问题的各种方法： 第三段：评价或选择，对第二段中提及的途径和方法进行简要评价，或选取其中一、两种自己认为合适的，阐述其依据。,例1：How to Succeed in a Job Interview?（2001年1月） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words and base your com

19、position on the outline given in Chinese below: 1）面试在求职过程中的作用： 2）取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,模板一 第一段： _.（铺垫，提出问题） On the one hand,_.（理由一） On the other hand,_.（理由二） 第二段： Therefore, how to_is worth paying attention to.（承上启下，提出要解决的问题） Firstly,_.（办法一） Secondly,_.（办法二） For example,_.（举例说明办法二） Third

20、ly,_.（办法三） In this way,_.（预期结果） 第三段： In brief,_.（总结全文）,With the development of the job market, interviews play an important role in job-hunting. On the one hand, a job interview offers both interviewees and interviewers a chance to know each other within quite a short time, On the other hand, excell

21、ent performance in an interview will enable the interviewees to make a good impression upon the interviewer and finally get the job. Therefore, how to succeed in job interview is worth paying to. Firstly, interviewees should have some knowledge about the company and the position they apply for. Seco

22、ndly, interviewees should have self-confidence. For example, being too modest is not welcome to most human resources professionals. Thirdly, interviewees should dress neatly and properly. In this way, interviewees could show that they attach vital importance to the job. In brief, if the interviewee

23、takes the advice and makes better preparations, he is more likely to be employed.,例：How I Finance My College Education (2000年1月) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words and base

24、your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1) 上大学的费用 (tuition and fees) 可通过多种途径解决； 2) 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）。,模板二 第一段： Currently, . （引出话题） Thus how to has become a matter of concern. （提出问题） These following channels are possible . （阐述能解决问题的办法） 第二段： As far as I am concerned, . （简述自己是如何解决问题的） On t

25、he one hand, . （一方面） Moreover, . （进一步阐述） Anyway, . （总结） On the other hand, . （另一方面） 第三段： In view of this, . （得出结论）, Currently, tuition and fees for college students are much higher than ever before. Thus how to finance the college education has become a matter of concern. These following channels ar

26、e possible for students to raise the money: receiving help from their parents, loaning from the bank or making money by part-time jobs. As far as I an concerned, I get the majority of my tuition from my parents and the rest by taking part-time jobs in my spare time. On the one hand, my parents are w

27、ell-off enough to afford my educational expenses. Moreover, my parents believe their financial support enables me to focus on my study. Anyway, their investment is rewarding in the long term. On the other hand, college life is the beginning of my new life after all, and working part-time opens my eyes to the society outside the campus. In view of this, earning some money to pay for education with my own hands not only helps to relieve my parents of their financial burden but also broadens my view. (173 words),