2020年高中英语Unit1GreatScientistsSectionⅣGrammar&Writing课时作业新人教版必修5

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1、 Section Grammar & Writing课时作业.单句语法填空1Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.2. Although her relatives didnt think she could live for three months, the old doctor finally cured her of her disease.3We were shocked by the announcement (announce) that the amusement park wo

2、uld be closed.4No one knew who had killed her, but the police suspected (suspect) her husband. 5We will have to adopt a more scientific(science) approach to preserving the traditional customs. 6.Children, when exposed (expose) to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more eas

3、ily.7Apart from good service the restaurant offers various kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.8Always read the instructions (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.9Whenever he didnt perform well in his studies, he would blame his failure on carelessness.10The manage

4、r is cautious about making predictions for the success of the tourist attraction.阅读理解AThere has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientists about whether it is right to use animals to find cures for human diseases in experimental research. Personally, if there are no other alt

5、ernatives, and if it is possible that this will contribute to science, animals may be used for experimental research.The animal rights supporters label scientists as “cruel” for causing animals to die in medical experiments, while they do not oppose the people, mostly farmers, who kill animals for f

6、ood. Some even claim that people and animals are equal and they should be treated equally. But can the death of an animal be the same thing as the death of a person? I think causing animals to die for science or for saving human lives may be considered ethical (伦理的), if it will contribute to the adv

7、ancement of science and human health in general.Another basic argument of animal rights supporters is that people and animals are different genetically. They claim that it will make no good to use animals in experiments because they are too different to be compared to people. Some of them even state

8、 that it is better to use people directly as they think that the results of experiments on animals cannot be valid and reliable as long as the same observation has not been done on man. However, these people cannot foresee the disastrous results of such a practice. Many people are likely to die unti

9、l a healthy result is obtained. People and animals may not be the same, but to some degree, scientists are right to use animal models to do some experiments that could not be achieved in human. There are also a lot of examples which show that using animals resulted in significant developments and he

10、lped to cure some serious illnesses.All in all, using animals for medical research is ethical as long as it contributes to scientific development and human health. And this practice is only acceptable on the condition that animals are treated humanely.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了动物权利支持者和科学家之间关于用动物进行医学试验研究以寻

11、找治疗人类疾病的方法是否正确的争议。作者认为动物可以被用于医学研究并针对此论点进行了分析论证。1Animal rights supporters hold the opinion that _.Afarmers have the legal rights to kill animalsBcausing animals to die for science is acceptableCscientists are to blame for killing animals for researchDanimals and people are not different genetically解析

12、：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，动物权利支持者认为科学家应对科学研究致使动物死亡负责。故选C。2We can infer that the author _.Aseems to be an animal rights supporterBdoes experimental research on animalsCis concerned about the future of animalsDagrees that animals can be used in medical research解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可推知，作者同意用动物进行医学研究。故选

13、D。3According to the text, it is a fact that _.Ait is always illegal to use animals for experimental researchBusing animals for medical experiments contributes to curing some serious illnessesCusing people models is against the law and regarded as cruelDit makes no difference whether to use animals o

14、r people for experimental research解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，B项所述是事实。故选B。BPeople have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans (寿命) that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chi

15、cago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an antitumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.According to the research, the extra copies of the gene impro

16、ved the animals sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，” the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told

17、 The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous (癌变的), large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.T

18、his_phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Petos paradox (悖论)”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not. In the elephants case, the making of TP53 is natures way of keeping this specie

19、s alive.The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place.“Nature has already

20、 figured out how to prevent cancer，” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, University of Utah, US.“Its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”【解题导语】科学家研究发现，大象不患癌症是因为它们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53，人

21、类有望通过研究TP53来预防癌症。4Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?AThey have a rather large body size.BTheir genes suffer no DNA damage.CCertain genes in their body kill existing tumors.DThey carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“A team at the University of Chicago, US has

22、found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing.”可知，因为大象体内有许多阻止肿瘤生长的基因，所以大象不患癌症，故D项正确。5According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals?ADeadly tumors.BThe huge body mass.CCells killing themselves.DSensitivity to DNA damage.解析：选A细节理

23、解题。根据第四段第一句中的“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals”可知，许多大型动物在进化过程中有患癌症的风险，故A项正确。6What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?ALarger animals have protection from TP53.BThe risk of cancer

24、is not related to body size.CLarger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.DThe huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.解析：选B指代判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.”可知，this phenomenon 指代患癌症的风险和动物的大小无关，故B项正

25、确。7What can be concluded from the passage?ADepending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.BThe TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.CHumans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.DThe extra copies of elephants genes are used to cure cancer patients

26、.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“Its up to us to learn how .prevent cancer in people.”并结合上文陈述的在大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53可以判断，人们有望通过制造TP53来预防癌症，故C项正确。.语法填空A good teacher is many things to many people. In my own experience, the people I respect most are the teachers 1._ demanded the most discipline from their students

27、.I miss one teacher in particular that I had in high school. I think she was a good teacher because she was a very strict person. I remember very 2._(clear) a sign over her classroom door.It was 3._ simple sign that said，“Laboratoryin this room the first five letters of the word was emphasized, not

28、the last seven.” In other words, I guess, labor 4._ her was more important than oratory which means 5._ (make) speeches.She prepared her work very carefully and demanded us to do the same. We got lots of homework from her. 6._ she had broken her arm, and everybody in the class thought that maybe the

29、 homework 7._ (reduce), but it continued just the same. She checked our work stamping her name at the bottom of the papers to show that she had read 8._.I think sometimes teachers who demand most are liked 9._. But 10._ time goes by this discipline really seems to benefit the students.【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。

30、在不同的人看来好教师的概念也是不同的，从作者自身的经历来说，他认为严格的老师才是真正的好老师，因为他(她)对学生的影响是终身的。在本文中作者通过回忆自己的一位老师来讲述了他眼中优秀老师的形象。1解析：考查定语从句。“1._ demanded the most discipline from their students”是定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是the teachers，指人，引导定语从句用关系代词that / who。故填that / who。答案：that / who2解析：考查副词。空处作状语修饰谓语动词remember，表示“清楚地记得”，做状语用副词形式。故填clearly。

31、答案：clearly3解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个简单的指示牌”。故填a。答案：a4解析：考查介词。根据上文“Laboratoryin this room the first five letters of the word was emphasized, not the last seven.”和“In other words”可推断，我认为，劳动对于她来说比演讲更重要。for“对”符合语境。故填for。答案：for5解析：考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth.“意味着”，根据句意：意味着演讲的oratory。故填making。答案：making6解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处

32、讲述曾经发生的事情。句意：曾经，她摔断了胳膊，班里的每个人都认为或许家庭作业将会减少。once “曾经”符合语境，置句首单词首字母大写。故填Once。答案：Once7解析：考查动词的时态和语态。“家庭作业减少”是发生在“认为”之后的动作，“班里的每个人认为”是过去的动作，因此推断“减少”是发生在过去将来的动作，用过去将来时，且主语the homework与reduce之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填would be reduced。答案：would be reduced 8.解析：考查代词。此处指代上文提到的the papers，用人称代词的复数them。故填them。答案：them9解析：考

33、查最高级。由下文“But 10._ time goes by this discipline really seems to benefit the students.”可推断句意：我认为要求最严格的老师是最不被喜欢的。由most推断此处用最高级，结合句意。故填least。答案：least10解析：考查状语从句。句意：但是随着时间的推移，这些纪律是真正对学生有益的。as“随着”引导时间状语从句。故填as。答案：as.书面表达假如你是李华，是一名高三年级的学生，自从进入高三以来你妈妈不允许你上网，她认为上网不仅浪费时间而且还耽误学习。你不同意她的看法，为此你感到很苦恼。请你用英语写一封信向校英语

34、报的编辑王老师求助。_One possible version：Dear Mr. Wang，Im Li Hua, a Senior 3 student in our school.Im sorry to disturb you, but I have to ask a favor of you in the hope that you will be so kind to help me.Ever since last month, my mother hasnt allowed me to surf the Internet. In her opinion, it is a waste of

35、 time to surf the Internet and it also affects my study. However, I dont agree with her. With the Internet I can easily find the information I need; I can compare notes with my classmates if I meet with problems in my study, which helps me a lot. Also I can share something that worries me with my friends, which reduces stress. Faced with my mothers strictness, what should I do?I really need your help!Yours，Li Hua