泵送混时凝土施工质量控制和裂缝处理措施

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1、泵送混凝土施工质量控制和裂缝处理措施 2009-10-09 09:17:35作者：来源：建设工程教育网浏览次数：17文字大小：【大】【中】【小】 摘要：文章分析了泵送混凝土常见质量问题因素分析，还分析了混凝土早期塑性裂缝产生的原因，并提出具体可行的防治措施。关键词：泵送混凝土；质量控制；裂缝；拌合物1.前言用混凝土泵输 . 摘要：文章分析了泵送混凝土常见质量问题因素分析，还分析了混凝土早期塑性裂缝产生的原因，并提出具体可行的防治措施。关键词：泵送混凝土；质量控制；裂缝；拌合物1.前言用混凝土泵输送混凝土拌合物，可一次连续完成水平运输和垂直运输，并可连续浇筑，因而具有效率高、劳动力省的优点。但与

2、普通混凝土相比，由于其大流动性、大砂率及较高的水泥用量，也出现了混凝土表面易产生袭缝、混凝土收缩值较大等同题，影响了混凝土的耐久性。以下从混凝土的原材料、配合比及施工操作的要求等方面，提出解决泵送混凝土质量问题的一些做法，以及对泵送混凝土裂缝处理的一些方法。2.常见质量问题因素分析2.1泵送混凝土坍落度损失大混凝土坍落度损失率视工程条件不同有很大的差异，其中影响最大的因素是停放时间、气温、外加剂及其掺入方式。（1）外加剂影响加入泵送混凝土中的外加剂一般有高效减水剂，但高效减水剂与水泥有相容性问题，某些水泥不能配制低水灰比高流动性的混凝土。（2）气温对坍落度损失的影响气温升高，一方面水泥的水化反

3、应加快，坍落度损失增大，另一方面，升温后引起的水分挥发增大，也将导致坍落度的损失。因此，夏季高气温施工时，除用湿草袋等遮盖输送管，避免阳光照射外，可适当增大混凝土坍落度。2.2泵送混凝土施工中堵管输送设备主要包括泵机和配管。泵机的选择应适合混凝土工程特点、要求的最大输送距离，最大输送量及混凝土浇筑计划要求。泵机选择不当时，压力达不到要求，过大过小都有造成堵管的可能。输送管使用后，如未及时用水清洗干净，管中所余混凝土在下次使用时，必然增大管壁的摩阻力，造成堵管。2.3混凝土组成材料及配比（1）水泥品种和用量在泵送混凝土中，水泥砂浆起到润滑输送管道和传递压力的作用，所以水泥用量非常重要，水泥用量过

4、少，混凝土的和易性差，泵送阻力大，泵和输送管的磨损亦加剧，容易产生堵管。水泥用量过多，混凝土的粘性增大，也会增大泵送阻力。为此，应在保证混凝土设计强度和顺利泵送的前提下尽量减少水泥用量。（2）骨料的最大粒径与级配粗骨料最大粒径的选择应适合工程和配管要求。骨料的级配不仅影响混凝土硬化后性能，同时也会影响和易性。（3）砂率砂率过小时，泵送混凝土易在输送管中弯管位置堵塞，为此，泵混凝土与普通混凝土相比，宜适当提高砂率，以适应管道输送的需要。但砂率过高时，不仅会降低和易性，同时，也会影响混凝土硬化性能，故应在可泵性的情况下尽量降低砂率。（4）掺合料加入泵送混凝土中的掺合料主要有粉煤灰。粉煤灰掺入混凝土

5、中起润滑作用，可以改善混凝土拌和物的和易性，大大提高混凝土的流动性，有利于泵送，但掺量宜由试验确定，过多不利于混凝土的强度。3.裂缝预防及处理方法商品混凝土和泵送混凝土都很容易出现早期塑性裂缝的现象。混凝土塑性裂缝产生的原因比较复杂，常见裂缝可采取以下措施进行预防和处理。3.1塑性（沉陷）收缩裂缝（1）裂缝原因及裂缝特征。在泵送混凝土现浇的各种钢筋混凝土结构中，特别是板、墙等表面系数大的结构中，经常出现断续的水平裂缝，裂缝中部较宽、两端较窄，呈梭状。裂缝经常发生在板结构的钢筋部位、板肋交接处、梁板交接处、梁柱交接处及结构变截面等部位。裂缝产生的原因主要是混凝土流动性不足以及振捣不均匀，在凝结硬

6、化前没有沉实或者沉实不够，当混凝土沉陷时受到钢筋、模板抑制所致。裂缝在混凝土浇筑后13h出现，裂缝的深度通常达到钢筋上表面。（2）影响因素和防治措施要严格控制混凝土单位用水量在170kg/m3以下，水灰比在0.6以下，在满足泵送和浇筑要求时，宜尽可能减少坍落度；掺加适量、质量良好的泵送剂和掺合料，可改善工作性和减少沉陷；混凝土浇筑时，下料不宜太快，搅拌时间要适当：混凝土应振捣密实，时间以1015s/次为宜；在柱、梁、墙和板的变截面处宜分层浇筑、振捣；在混凝土浇筑11.5h后，混凝土尚未凝结之前，对混凝土进行两次振捣，表面要压实；为防止水分蒸发，形成内外硬化不均和异常收缩引起裂缝，应采取措施缓凝

7、和覆盖。3.2干缩裂缝（1）裂缝原因及裂缝特征。混凝土的干燥收缩主要是由于水泥石干燥收缩造成的。混凝土的水分蒸发、干燥过程是由外向内、由表及里，逐渐发展的。由于混凝土蒸发干燥非常缓慢，裂缝多数持续时间较长，而且裂缝发生在表层很浅的部位，裂缝细微，有时呈平行线状或网状。但是由于碳化和钢筋锈蚀的作用，干缩裂缝不仅严重损害薄壁结构的抗渗性和耐久性，也会使大体积混凝土的表面裂缝发展成为更严重的裂缝，影响结构的耐久性和承载能力。（2）影响因素和防治措施水泥品种及用量。水泥的需水量越大，混凝土的干燥收缩越大，不同品种水泥混凝土的干燥收缩程度不同，宜采用中低热水泥和粉煤灰水泥。混凝土干燥收缩随着水泥用量的增

8、加而增大，在可能的情况下，尽可能降低水泥用量。用水量。混凝土的干燥收缩受用水量的影响最大，在同一水泥用量条件下，混凝土的干燥收缩和用水量成正比，且为直线关系；水灰比越大，干燥收缩越大。塑性收缩裂缝、干缩裂缝都是由于混凝土单方用水量过大、坍落度过大，而且水分蒸发过快造成的。因此严格控制泵送混凝土的用水量是减少裂缝的根本措施。为此，在混凝土配合比设计中应尽可能将单方混凝土用水量控制在170kg/m3以下，对于浇筑墙体和板材的单方混凝土用水量的控制尤为重要。为了降低用水量，掺加适当数量减水率高、分散性能好的外加剂是非常必要的。砂率。混凝土的干燥收缩随着砂率的增大而增大，但增加的数值不大。泵送混凝土宜

9、加大砂率，但应在最佳砂率范围内。掺合料。矿渣、煤矸石、火山灰、赤页岩等粉状掺合料，掺加到混凝土中，一般都会增大混凝土的干燥收缩值。但是质量良好、含有大量球形颗粒的一级粉煤灰，由于内比表面积小、需水量少，故能降低混凝土干燥收缩值。外加剂。在选用外加剂时，选用干燥收缩小的减水剂或泵送剂。混凝土的养护。混凝土浇筑面受到风吹日晒，表面干燥过快，产生较大的收缩，受到内部混凝土的约束，在表面产生拉应力而开裂。如果混凝土终凝之前进行早期保温养护，对减少干燥收缩有一定作用。3.3处理措施混凝土裂缝，若在混凝土仍然是潮湿状态时，可采取的处理措施有：如产生的裂缝宽度很小时，可以采取扫入水泥和膨胀剂的混合物填充到裂

10、缝中的措施：如裂缝宽度稍大一些时，可以沿着产生的裂缝注入具有膨胀性能的水泥浆：如产生的裂缝宽度再大一些时，可以直接浇筑具有微膨胀的水泥砂浆，该水泥砂浆采用的水灰比应与原混凝土采用的水灰比相同。若混凝土已经到了硬化状态，可考虑采用环氧树脂水泥砂浆或聚合物水泥砂浆灌缝。而对于那些对强度要求不高的混凝土构件，还可以采用柔性材料如各种防水密封胶等进行密封，以防止渗水和钢筋锈蚀。4.结束语综上所述，泵送混凝土产生的裂缝潜在危险大，对此必须引起足够重视。切实从每一个环节入手，做好过程控制，完善施工手段，确保施工质量。参考文献：1彭圣浩。建筑工程质量通病防治手册。（第3版），北京：中国建筑工业出版社，200

11、2.0顶一下 0踩一下 （英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-par

12、ty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negativ

13、e list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is

14、 the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of

15、the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work la

16、sted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve

17、 the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important sp

18、eech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the

19、 party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of

20、 prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing pr

21、oblems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have b

22、een unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the

23、 party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant re

24、gulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Commi

25、ttee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the

26、 central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulat

27、ions revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Depa

28、rtment The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issu

29、ed a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion.

30、Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of

31、the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations r

32、evision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline

33、 quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party c

34、ompasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for

35、Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining ru

36、le of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in ac

37、cordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vi

38、tal few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low,

39、a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existin

40、g in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement

41、the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and ne

42、eds to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirem

43、ents and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive ad

44、vocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive str

45、ictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the rul

46、ing Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words.

47、After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and

48、faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revise

49、d standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership

50、 of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirem

51、ents, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should a

52、dhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and oth

53、er regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specific

54、ation for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and politi

55、cal rules. Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the partys leadership and the partys basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic

56、 requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separ

57、ated. Revised adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated t

58、hat party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the partys discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, Regulations distinguish five

59、 different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. the partys eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the ei

60、ght, against the requirements of the four winds and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and oth

61、er disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the partys close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the partys purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of th