省名师名校系列]高中英语完形填空解题技巧.ppt

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1、完形填空专练,高考英语完形填空趋势,从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再考核学生语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。,高考英语完形填空命题特点,1. 短文长度200词左右，生词少，难度适中。 2. 首句无空格，提供语境。5-10词设一人名、 地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少， 题目越难；反之亦然。 3. 选项多为一词，偶会为词组。四选项为同一类 词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前 后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。,高考英语完形填空命题特点,4.考查单词以实词(

2、v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。 5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。,2000-2005年完形填空题选项分布,完形填空解题步骤,通览-试填-复核,1 通览-速度全文，把握大意,快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。,2 试填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑

3、推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。,3 复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确,试填后，要把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。,解题技巧 1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。（同义词或反义词） 2. 注意固定搭配 3. 注意同义词的辨义 4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词 5.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项 7. 利用语法知识选出正确选项,解题技巧,1 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示

4、作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。,1) Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .,A hearing B health C eyesight D time,2) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous,根据转折连词but的

5、提示，所选的词应与shallow相反，因此选A,3) I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor ,I was_ and at the same time feeling lonely.( NMET2000 第26小题）,A helpless B lazy C anxious D tired,D,4) and then both ended up from the same high scho

6、ol, just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京春季卷第45小题）,A graduation B movement C separation D vacation,A,2 注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。,1）The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. a

7、s D. after,2) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _ tea at the time. A. cooking B. making C.burning D. serving,3) Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(2003 北京 春 50小题） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt,4) Eds been the least physically fit member in the family, and

8、_ proud of himself.(NMET2003第42题） A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly,5） , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（NMET1999第30题) A doing B raising C putting D producing,3 注意同义词的辨义,1）Soon I heard a _ like that of a

9、door burst in , and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D.shout,2）The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A on B within C in D under A running B floating C flowing D pulling,3). Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as,四个选项都可以表示时间。while强调

10、一段时间内进行的动作，常与进行时连用；till表示的是动作持续到某时或到某时才开始；for表示的是动作持续了一段时间；as连接的是一个与谓语动作几乎同时发生的动词。答案应选D，表示他一边向船靠近一边大声喊。,4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词,1). And video cameras can be used to _peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch,2). When the papers were_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the sa

11、me mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered,3). Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to _. A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A.buy B. catch C.hold D.weigh,只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕鱼，因此第一个空答案A为。捕鱼用动词catch，第二个空答案

12、为B。,5 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项,有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。,常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thingfor another等连接词表示列举；Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow,still,though,although表示让步关系；therefore,so表结果；

13、because,since,due to,owing to表原因，等等。,1). A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes,2). At first nothing happened,_ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the A.and B. or C. so D.then,3). My

14、 main responsibility(职责） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京 第40题） A. or B. so C. but D. even,6 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项,1）The space is left to let the rail expand（膨胀） when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry,2),you _the international dateline.By agreement, this is

15、the point where a new day_. A. see B. cross C. are D. are stopped by _A.is coming B is discovered C.is invented D. begins,the international dateline是国际日期变更线，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案分别为B 和D,7 利用语法知识选出正确选项,1）When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly,figuring on an easy victory

16、.(NMET2003 , 37题） A.declared B. mentioned C.persuaded D. suggested,2). I realized that_ I had done that I would have lost a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together.(2003 北京 春季 53题） A.before B.if C. while D. as,3). As my father,_worked three jobs,once told me, （2003 北京 54题） A.he B. that C. who D.whoever,Thank you,