省名师名校系列]高中英语完形填空解题技巧.ppt

完形填空专练,高考英语完形填空趋势,从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再考核学生语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。,高考英语完形填空命题特点,1. 短文长度200词左右，生词少，难度适中。 2. 首句无空格，提供语境。5-10词设一人名、 地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少， 题目越难；反之亦然。 3. 选项多为一词，偶会为词组。四选项为同一类 词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前 后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。,高考英语完形填空命题特点,4.考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。 5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。,2000-2005年完形填空题选项分布,完形填空解题步骤,通览-试填-复核,1 通览-速度全文，把握大意,快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。,2 试填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。,3 复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确,试填后，要把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。,解题技巧 1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。（同义词或反义词） 2. 注意固定搭配 3. 注意同义词的辨义 4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词 5.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项 7. 利用语法知识选出正确选项,解题技巧,1 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。,1) Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .,A hearing B health C eyesight D time,2) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous,根据转折连词but的提示，所选的词应与shallow相反，因此选A,3) I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor ,I was_ and at the same time feeling lonely.( NMET2000 第26小题）,A helpless B lazy C anxious D tired,D,4) and then both ended up from the same high school, just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京春季卷第45小题）,A graduation B movement C separation D vacation,A,2 注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。,1）The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after,2) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _ tea at the time. A. cooking B. making C.burning D. serving,3) Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(2003 北京 春 50小题） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt,4) Eds been the least physically fit member in the family, and_ proud of himself.(NMET2003第42题） A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly,5） , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（NMET1999第30题) A doing B raising C putting D producing,3 注意同义词的辨义,1）Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D.shout,2）The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A on B within C in D under A running B floating C flowing D pulling,3). Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as,四个选项都可以表示时间。while强调一段时间内进行的动作，常与进行时连用；till表示的是动作持续到某时或到某时才开始；for表示的是动作持续了一段时间；as连接的是一个与谓语动作几乎同时发生的动词。答案应选D，表示他一边向船靠近一边大声喊。,4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词,1). And video cameras can be used to _peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch,2). When the papers were_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered,3). Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to _. A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A.buy B. catch C.hold D.weigh,只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕鱼，因此第一个空答案A为。捕鱼用动词catch，第二个空答案为B。,5 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项,有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。,常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thingfor another等连接词表示列举；Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow,still,though,although表示让步关系；therefore,so表结果；because,since,due to,owing to表原因，等等。,1). A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes,2). At first nothing happened,_ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the A.and B. or C. so D.then,3). My main responsibility(职责） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京 第40题） A. or B. so C. but D. even,6 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项,1）The space is left to let the rail expand（膨胀） when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry,2),you _the international dateline.By agreement, this is the point where a new day_. A. see B. cross C. are D. are stopped by _A.is coming B is discovered C.is invented D. begins,the international dateline是国际日期变更线，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案分别为B 和D,7 利用语法知识选出正确选项,1）When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly,figuring on an easy victory.(NMET2003 , 37题） A.declared B. mentioned C.persuaded D. suggested,2). I realized that_ I had done that I would have lost a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together.(2003 北京 春季 53题） A.before B.if C. while D. as,3). As my father,_worked three jobs,once told me, （2003 北京 54题） A.he B. that C. who D.whoever,Thank you,