语法专项突破第三节.ppt

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1、第三节形容词和副词,本节目录,语法精讲考点整合,语法专练知能闯关,考点一倍数表达法 1倍数表达法的常见结构 A is倍数比较级thanB A is倍数as原级asB A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB A is倍数thatofB,A is倍数what引导的名词性从句 The money he earns is three times that of hers. He earns twice more than her. He earns three times as much as her. He earns three times what she ear

2、ns. 他的收入是她的三倍。 2如果有名词，表示倍数时可用以下两种结构： (1)倍数more名词than (2)倍数as many/much名词其他as Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. 美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。,Smoking is harmful to peoples health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟对人的健康有害

3、，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。 Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs. 十年前我们村庄的人口是他们村庄人口的两倍。 After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2011 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2011年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。,【典例】(2012高考新课标全国卷)This restaur

4、ant wasnt _that other restaurant we went to. Ahalf as good asBas half good as Cas good as half Dgood as half as 【解析】选A。本题考查倍数表达法。句意：这家饭店都没有我们去过的另一家饭店的一半好。当形容词与表达倍数关系的词语连用时，其正确表达法是：倍数词as形容词原级as；倍数词形容词比较级than。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选C。关键原因在于倍数的位置没弄清楚，受汉语影响太重。,触类旁通 1(2013安徽凤阳艺荣高考辅导学校第一次月考)Paper produced every yea

5、r is _ the worlds production of vehicles. Athe three times weight of Bthree times the weight of Cas three times as heavier as Dthree times as heavier as 解析：选B。考查表倍数的句型：A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB；D选项中的heavier应改为heavy。,2(2013江苏盐城中学高三英语强化训练)Whats the model plane look like? Well，the wings of th

6、e plane are _ of its body. Amore than the length twice Btwice more than the length Cmore than twice the length Dmore twice than the length 解析：选C。A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB；两倍多是more than twice而不是twice more than。,3(2012江苏省高考压轴卷)Statistics show that for every mile they drive men have _ as wome

7、n do. Aserious accidents as twice many Btwice as many serious accidents Ctwice serious accidents as many Dserious accidents as many twice 解析：选B。考查表倍数的句型：A is倍数as原级asB。,考点二形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 1平级比较。 用as.as，not as/so.as，the same as，such.as引导。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it i

8、s a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 The work is not as difficult as you imagine. 这工作不是你想象的那么难。 2“the比较级.，the比较级.”表示“越，越”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。,3否定词比较级表最高级含义。 Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? No.It couldnt have been worse. 你对他会议上说的

9、满意吗？ 不，不能再差了。 4“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两者中较的那一个”。 Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机我喜欢容易携带、较小的那一个。,5a形容词比较级n.结构。 After two years research，we have a far better understanding of the disease. 研究两年之后，我们对这种病有了更好的理解。 6常用来修饰比较级的词汇：rather，much，still，

10、even，far，any(否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等；常用来修饰最高级的词汇：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means等。,【典例1】(2013北京市重点中学高考高三月考) According to some studies，EQ is _important，if not more important than IQ. Aso Bvery Ceven Das 【解析】选D。这是一个省略句。补全了应是“According to some studies，EQ is as important

11、as IQ，if it is not more important than IQ.”，考查形容词、副词平级比较常用句型“as原级as.”。 【易错剖析】此题考生误选C的很多，原因是没有真正理解句子的结构及意义。,【典例2】(2013银川部分重点中学模拟)How do you like the hotel? Its great，and I couldnt have found a _ one. Agood Bbetter Cbest Dsame 【解析】选B。考查形容词的比较级。根据答语的前半句可知答话人非常喜欢这家旅馆，此处是形容词的比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的含义，表示“我不能找到一家更

12、好的旅馆”，言外之意是“这是我找到的最好的旅馆”。 【易错剖析】学生容易误选A，原因是句中不含than，学生想不到会用比较级。,触类旁通 1(2013江西七校联考)Though Alice is busy，music has always been _ her work. Aas much a part of her life as Bas a part of her life much as Cas much as a part of her life Dso much a part of her life as 解析：选A。句意：尽管艾丽斯很忙，但音乐和工作一样，是她生活的一部分。结构“A

13、 is as much.as B”，表示“A和B一样都”，故A项正确。,2(2013南昌一模)Boris has brains.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. Aa high Ba higher Cthe higher Dthe highest 解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级的用法。根据题干内容可知，这里是将Boris的智商与班级里其他同学的智商进行比较的，因此应该用比较级，排除A、D两项；另外，这里表泛指，因此用不定冠词，故B项正确。,3(2013江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)How did you find yo

14、ur trip to Baohulu Amusement Park? I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was _ than I expected. Aeven much interesting Bfar more interesting Cso far interesting Da lot much interesting 解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意：这次宝葫芦游乐园之旅你玩得开心吗？太棒了！比我预想的要好玩得多。多音节形容词interesting的比较级形式是在其前面加more，程度副词far应在more前面，故选B项。,考点三形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示原

15、因、时间、伴随情况或结果，并不修饰动词，而是用来说明句子的主语所处的状态。大多与全句用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 1形容词(短语)置于句首常作原因状语 Helpless，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。 Modest and easy to approach，he soon put everyone completely at ease. 他是那样谦虚，平易近人，很快使大家放松下来。,2形容词(短语)置于句末常作伴随状语或方式状语 After the war，the soldi

16、ers returned home，safe and sound. 战争结束后，那些士兵平安回到了家。 Seeing the snake，all the frightened girls stood there，unable to speak. 看到那条蛇，所有的女孩站在那里，吓得说不出话来。,【典例】(2013重庆部分学校高三联考)Having been out of touch with his parents for two years，Jones returned home，_. Asafe and sound Bsafely and sound Csafe and soundly D

17、safely and soundly 【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。句意：与父母失去联系两年后，琼斯安然无恙地回到了家中。safe and sound是固定搭配，表示“安然无恙”。 【易错剖析】本题考生极易误选D，用副词作状语，没有掌握形容词也可作状语，说明句子的主语所处的状态，而副词作状语，是用来修饰动词的。,触类旁通 1(2012合肥八中第三次段考)After the long journey，the Whites returned home，_. Asafely but tired Bsafe but tired Csafe and tiring Dsafely and tiring 解析

18、：选B。考查形容词作状语，说明主语the Whites回到家时的伴随状态。,2There is plenty of food，water and sunshine，and our friends are living there，_. Awarm and comfortable Bwarmly and comfortably Cwarm and comfortably Dwarmly and comfortable 解析：选A。句意：那里有充足的食物、水和阳光，我们的朋友住在那里，无比温暖和舒适。形容词短语作状语，表示伴随。,考点四形容词、副词词义辨析 1effective，efficient

19、 effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力。 efficient侧重积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调能干，有能力。 Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment. 阿司匹林治疗方法简便，效果却非常显著。 They provided efficient heating equipment for people in the city. 他们为这个城市的人提供高效的供暖设备。,2common，usual，normal，ordinary，regular common表示“普通的，随时会发生或随时可见的，

20、共同的”，与rare“罕见的，珍稀的”相反；usual表示“customary”，即“惯常的，通常的，符合习惯的”；normal与norm(规范，标准)同源，意为“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；ordinary与special(特殊的)相反，意为“普通的,一般的，不特殊的”；regular意为“有规律的，定期的，定时的”。如： Yesterday he got up earlier than usual，for it was not an ordinary day for him. 昨天他比平时起得早,因为昨天对他来说是个不寻常的日子。,Dont tell me about that！It i

21、s common sense. 不要对我讲那个！那都是常识。 What is the normal body temperature? 正常体温是多少？ Trains will run at regular intervals from 11 am.to 4 pm. 从上午11点到下午4点，火车运行的时间很规律。,3possible，probable，likely (1)意义上的区别： possible指客观上的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味； probable比possible可能性大，表示“很可能，大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理。 likely是从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生某事

22、。如： It is possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来，但也不一定准会来。 The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. 他失败的原因很可能是他太累了。 He is very likely to give me a ring tonight. 今晚他很可能给我打电话。,(2)句型上的不同： It is possible/probable/likelythat从句 It is possible(for sb.)to do

23、 sth. Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth. 4especially，specially，particularly particularly独特地，特别地，侧重特点突出，与众不同。 specially专门地，特意地，针对目的，特地选择做某事。 especially特别是，尤其是,程度超常,鹤立鸡群,格外显眼。 The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle. 旭日从这个角度看起来特别美。 I made this specially for your birthday. 这是我特意为你生日

24、而做的。 Maxim seems to be particularly fond of her. 马西姆似乎特别喜欢她。,5anyhow，somehow，somewhat anyhow意为“无论如何，以任何方式”，相当于“anyway”，“at any rate”。 somehow意为“以某种方式”(in some way or other)或“由于某种原因”。 somewhat意为“从某种意义讲”，“有几分”，相当于“in a way，”“rather”，试比较： It may rain，but I shall go out anyhow. 天将下雨，但不管怎样我也要出去。 We must

25、find money for the rent somehow. 我们无论如何也要找到租金。 I am somewhat tired of this book. 我对这本书有点厌烦。,6具有两种形式的副词 英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异,有的甚至完全不同。 常见的这类副词有：firm稳固地，firmly坚固地；direct径直地，directly恰好、直接、坦率地；close近地，closely紧密地、接近地；dead极其地、完全地，deadly死一般地、非常；high高高地，highly高度

26、地；late迟、晚，lately最近；near近，nearly几乎。如：,He lives close to the village. 他住得离那个村庄很近。 We must look closely at the problems. 我们必须仔细地审视这些问题。 After a days hard work，he was dead tired. 辛勤工作一天后，他筋疲力尽。 The book is deadly dull. 这本书非常枯燥。 The birds are flying high.鸟儿正高飞。 He is a highly skilled worker. 他是一个非常熟练的工人。

27、,【典例】(2012高考山东卷)Be _you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time. Areasonable Bconfident Ccreative Dgrateful 【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。A项reasonable表示“合理的；公平的”；B项confident表示“自信的”；C项creative表示“有创造力的；创造(性)的”;D项grateful表示“感激的”。由破折号后面的关键信息可知说话者对“finish all this work in so little time”很不满,要求讲道理。be re

28、asonable为祈使语气，意为“要讲道理”。句意：要讲道理你不能期望我在如此短的时间里完成所有这些工作呀。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选B。原因在于后半句的意思理解反了，所以就选成了confident“自信的”。,触类旁通 1(2013安徽省江南十校新高三摸底联考)Do you work in a hospital? _，I work for a private clinic here in town. ANaturallyBLuckily CActually DNormally 解析：选C。句意：你在医院工作吗？实际上，我在镇上的一家私人诊所工作。natually“自然地,天生地”；lucki

29、ly“幸运地”；actually“实际上，事实上”；normally“正常地”。,2(2013湖南师大附中高三月考)Yiny used her interest in the teenage wizard to set up a “Harry Potter Club”at her university，_attracting over 400 members and introducing her to a whole new circle of friends. Aeventually Befficiently Cevidently Dextremely 解析：选A。句意：Yiny利用他对青

30、少年巫师的兴趣在大学成立了哈利波特俱乐部，最终吸引了400多名成员并且把自己带入了新的朋友圈。eventually“终究，最终”；efficiently“高效地”；evidently “明显地，显著地”，extremely“极其，非常”。,3(2012江苏姜堰市溱潼中学高三期中考试)The university with two _ campuses has a student population of 50,000 in total. Aunique Bseparate Csingle Dalternative 解析：选B。句意：这所有两个独立校园的大学总共有50000学生。unique“

31、独特的，独一无二的”；separate“分开的，各自的”；single“单一的，单人的”；alternative“供选择的”。,4(2012江苏泰州二中高三期中检测)I hear that Mary is _to stay with us for a few days. Thats great. Amaybe Bpossible Clikely Dprobable 解析：选C。在这几个表“可能的”形容词中，只有likely的主语可以是人。,考点五其它考点 1有些连词还可作副词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等。 You probably wont

32、need to callbut take my number，just in case. 你很可能无需打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码吧，以防万一。 2副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面 。 Have you got accustomed to your new job? Well，yes.Its not as good as I expected，though. 你适应新工作了吗？ 是的，但是没有我预料中的好。,3cannot/never与enough或too连用，表示“无论怎样都不过分；越越好”。 I was riding alone i

33、n the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down. 我正独自在街上骑车，突然一辆汽车开过来把我撞倒了。 You can never be too careful in the street. 在街上越小心越好。,4多个形容词作定语时的顺序： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。 诠释：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词(序数词、基数词)描绘性形容词(nice，good，interesting，beautiful.)特征形容词(大小、长短、高低形状年龄、新旧)颜色国籍、出

34、处物质材料用途、类别中心名词。 The little wooden house looks as if it hasnt been lived in for years. 这个木制小房子看上去好像多年没人住过了。,【典例】(2012高考陕西卷)I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill 【解析】选B。本题考查情态动词在常见句式中的应用。句意:非常感谢你在我们不在家期间对我儿子的所有帮助。根据信息词too可知用cant，can/coul

35、d not.too/enough表示“无论怎样也不过分,无论怎么都不够”,表示强烈的肯定。如：You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.过马路时，你再怎么小心也不为过。I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。,【易错剖析】学生容易误选A，忽略了cannot与too或enough 连用表示“越就越好”这一固定句型。,触类旁通 1(2012陕西西安五校第一次模拟)The secondhand car Amy bought last month is almost new._，it is in excellent c

36、ondition. ABesides BThough CInstead DYet 解析：选A。考查副词。上一句提到艾米上个月买的二手车几乎是新的，下一句提到车的状况很好，由此可知此处表示的是递进关系，所以用besides，意为“并且，而且”。,2(2012桂林部分学校高三质量检测)What parents say and do in daily life usually has a(n) _ influence on their child. Apractical Bavoidable Cbeneficial Dpermanent 解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。句意：父母在日常生活中的言行通常会给他们的孩子造成永久的影响。practical“实际的，实用的”；avoidable“可避免的”；beneficial“有利的”，均不符合句意。,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,