TrackingControlSystemoftheModelingYard

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1、Tracking Control System of the Modeling Yard1R. PavlasVSB Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava - Poruba, Czech Republic, roman.pavlasvsb.cz1 AbstractThis article is focused on description of four ways of tracking control on the modeling yard. The yard is situated in the laboratory of Department

2、of control systems and instrumentation. Control system was continuously developed by the help of students. First step was connecting the particular models objects to input/output devices of the PLC control system and creating of the basic programs. Next steps were design and creating of the hand con

3、trol panel, creating of display views in InTouch software, design and creating of digital control panel and digitalization of locomotives. For every new created hardware and software control components were developed program modules (for PLC). Model yard is in present fully operable.1.IntroductionTh

4、e model yard (Fig. 1) is made-up from components for railways of sizes TT (exactly TT12) that means we work with the model in scale 1:120 with a track gauge 12 millimeters. The model consists of series of the functional components (switches, markers signaling devices, a bar, etc.), but also from man

5、y decorative components (trees, buildings, a tunnel, etc.). The yard is divided into several sections. The complex is placed into a protective case, which protects it from damage.Figure 1 The model yard 2.The model yard description2.1 Basic TerminologyIn the article there are used special words usin

6、g in the railways terminology:Wide track is the track section between two adjoining stations or among stations and a station track at the tram-stop or the platform. The boarder between the wide track and the station is a gateway marker. A track on the wide track is called a railroad track.Station tr

7、ack each track in the station is called the station track. The station tracks are divided in traffic tracks, handling tracks and tracks for exceptional purposes (e.g. catching, averting).The railway-station it is haulage with a track division and given extent of offering transit services. The railwa

8、y-station on the model is created from 4 station tracks (Fig. 2). It deals with the main train tracks (track N. 1 and track N.2), a ranging track, being used for a pushing away vans and driving vehicles (track N. 3), and a station track with a connection on a trailer (track N. 4).Locomotive depot it

9、 presents a building, in which blind tracks lead further (so-called dead-end siding tracks) and in this depot they are ended by a bumper. In our model they are presented by a track with mark 1s and a track marked like 3a, these tracks are continuation of the main track N. 1 and ranging track N. 3.Ra

10、ilway trailer - this track is used for the own operators needs or for the other enterprisers and for pushing away of the train sets. On the model there is a dead-end siding track marked as 4a and it was produced by extension of station track N. 4.Lay-by track - is extended part of the ranging track

11、N. 3 and it is used for laying-by of the vans, driving vehicles or of the whole train sets for the trailer. On the model it is marked as 3b.Figure 2 Diagram of the model yard with marked tracks2.2 Description of the railway elements and their wiringThe model railway is presented by two circuits (out

12、er and inner) and a railway-station, which links these two circuits. Outer one is called as a railroad track N .1 and it is connected on station track N. 1. Inner track is called track N. 2 and it is connected on the station track N. 2. Then the railway-station is formed by 4 station tracks, a railw

13、ays trailer and a locomotive depot. The signs of all railways tracks are shown in the pictures. The signs arise from regulations; according to them they are designed 1. On the model there is a quantity of preventive and electric elements used (points, semaphores, etc.).3. Control methods of the mode

14、l yardThe model yard can be controlled by several ways. It makes it possible to many laboratory tasks can by applied. The ways of the control system of the traffic on the model yard: By the help of PLC AC800M from ABB company. By the help of the hand control panel. By the help of SCADA/HMI InTouch s

15、ystem. By the help of the digital control.3.1 The control system by the help of PLC AC800MPLC AC800M is a modular industrial computer compounded of several single modules. Thanks to that the control platform can be adapted for using in the widest spectrum. Platform PLC AC800M used in the model yard

16、consists of following modules (Fig. 3):a) Processor module AC800M type PM860.b) Communication extension ProfiBus CI854A.c) Module CI830 for interface I/O cards to bus bar ProfiBus.d) Input module DI801.e) Check out module DO801.f) Power supply SD821.Figure 3 Components of PLC on the model yardThe us

17、ed system for control of the model yard does not make it possible to operate directly into the yard. For installing of other control elements there are not enough free inputs in PLC. That is why the control program is constructed to be controlled alone depending on its state. Starting and stopping i

18、s operated by hand 2. The program is designed for rides of two train sets, their points of departures are station tracks N. 1 and N. 2. Designed program directs the operation on three different train railways. The first route begins in the station on the station track N. 1. After programs starting-u

19、p the train set starts to ride clockwise. It continues on railroad track N. 2 and it returns into the station on station track N. 4. The second train track begins in the station on the station track N.2. The train set continues on railroad track N. 1 and it finishes in the station on station track N

20、. 1. The third route begins in the station on station track N. 4. The train set continues clockwise to the railroad track N. 2 and it rides to its finish in the station on the station track N. 1. After arrival to the last train route the program sets up into the starting position that means the open

21、ing of the first train route.3.2 The control system by the help of the hand control panelThe panel (Fig. 4) contains buttons, levers and LED diodes. By the help of the buttons and the levers each rail stage is controlled. LED diodes are useful as a visual control component, if the section is active,

22、 the diode at its button switches-on. If the operator presses an arbitrary button on the hand control panel, it will reach to the setting of variables pressing of a given button 3. Figure 4 Hand control panelA boot timer is installed there, so the button could not be pressed repeatedly at his holdin

23、g, and this boot timer can unplug it. If there are pressed two buttons of two sections simultaneously, setting of the points will start to work and after their setting we can see licensing sign on the marker and the train starts to go.The train sets can stop in the yard only in the station or on the

24、 wide track in front of the entrance marker. To be able for the train to go out from the station, the button of the station, from which the train will depart, has to be pressed, and then also the button of the given track, on which has the train to drive. After the train route the train stops till b

25、efore the entrance marker, which let the train drive into the station. To be possible for the train set to drive into the station, a button of the track, on which the train is located, must be switched on, and also the button of the stage, on which the train set has to go.3.3 The control of operatio

26、n by the help of SCADA/HMI systemThe main window of the application (Fig. 5) is created by three parts, which give us the information about the state on the model yard 4. Upside part has a rather informative function, but it contains also a button start/stop and a switch for choosing of a mode. Then

27、 we can find there information about a state of communication between program InTouch and PLC. In case of a problem with variables it gives also information about a number of mistaken I/O variables. The other information relates to login and of course there is also a date and a time.The middle part

28、shows the model railway itself. Then on the left side we can see the window for choosing of a train routes for the both trains and a button letting us to show or hide additional information like a state of the semaphore for retrace, information about a train on busy stages, visualization of sensors

29、and displaying of power supply of the tracks.The folds make the lower part of the window; they are able to switch among the windows and the button for login and logout. The main window of application shows the model yard with its all operated elements, like e.g. signals, points and power supply of t

30、he sections.Figure 5 InTouch Runtime modeOn the picture we can note also other information, which applies to currently busy sections (section of the tracks engrained in red). On busy stages there are informative blocks shown, informing about a number, a route and a state of a train, which is going i

31、n given part of the route at the moment. (E.g. Informative block of a wide track 1 announces that the train n. 1 is riding there and its actual position is on the track between the wide track 1 and the station track 3. The informative block of the station track 2 then informs about the train n. 2, w

32、hich is standing on this track.).On the screen we can see now that one train is standing on the station track 2 and the second is preparing to pass the station track 3 to the wide track 1. The signaling of the departure marker is showing to it a signal go.3. 4 The system of operating by the help of

33、digital controlAnother milestone in a railways clay-modeling branch was the using of a digital control. The digital control caused that the locomotives are able to behave on any sections of the yard unconditionally. Until the locomotives were controlled by the help of operating of the power supplied

34、 sections of the yard, the engine of a locomotive was linked directly with the power supply in the given section and behaved according to a polarity and size of voltage in it. At the digital control the tracks are supplied by constant voltage, in which the control signal is modulated. Every locomoti

35、ve processes this signal and works according to the instruction given to the locomotive with the right address.The mentioned technology is used for a manual control of the model yard. However for the realization of the given task it is needed to extend this technology to be able to link the digital

36、operating withPLC 5. The whole modification of the technology consists in modification of the drivers HUGO 4. The modifications consist in making a bridge across switches and thereby the direct linking of connection of one-chip ATMEL with one-chip PIC. This solving was chosen because of impossibilit

37、y to obtain a tenet bus bar LOCONET. Each of till eight handlers communicates by the help of bus bar I2C control unit that is operated by the help of I/O signals from the control PLC (Fig. 6).For the safe operation and mainly for protection of each part of the set, the components were placed into th

38、e plastic protective box. This box is produced from the standard plastic main electric box.Figure 6 The modified technology of the digital controlIn the box there are single components of the digital set the way. Each part is fixed to the bottom, or to the lid box, pertinently plug into the connecto

39、rs (drivers). On the upside of the box programming track is set to be possible locomotive, which can be pre-set and tested, to lie up. On the ends of the rail there are install stops to prevent a locomotive to go out of the track and its fall. On the back of the box there is a set of connectors. The

40、se connectors are useful for connection of single circumferences.4.AcknowledgementsThe presented results were obtained during the completion of a Student Grant with student participation, supported by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and with financial support of project INGO/LA0902

41、4 Prestigious Representation of Czech Republic in iNEER Organization.References1 P. Stachiv, “The traffic control of the railway model,” Diploma thesis, Ostrava: VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 2006, 67 p., head of thesis R. Pavlas.2 T. Habernal, “Laboratory tasks about the tracking control of

42、a railway model,” Bachelor thesis, Ostrava: VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 2006, 56 p., head of thesis R. Pavlas.3 O. Unger, “Operation control laboratory tasks for a railway model,” Bachelor thesis, Ostrava: VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 2008, 40 p., head of thesis R. Pavlas.4 H. Kvala

43、, “Tracking control for a railway model,” Diploma thesis, Ostrava: VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 2008, 76 p., head of thesis R. Pavlas.5 M. Kubn, “Digital control of a railway model,” Diploma thesis, Ostrava: VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 2009, 70 p., head of thesis R. Pavlas.我的大学爱情观1、

44、什么是大学爱情：大学是一个相对宽松，时间自由，自己支配的环境，也正因为这样，培植爱情之花最肥沃的土地。大学生恋爱一直是大学校园的热门话题，恋爱和学业也就自然成为了大学生在校期间面对的两个主要问题。恋爱关系处理得好、正确，健康，可以成为学习和事业的催化剂，使人学习努力、成绩上升；恋爱关系处理的不当，不健康，可能分散精力、浪费时间、情绪波动、成绩下降。因此，大学生的恋爱观必须树立在健康之上，并且树立正确的恋爱观是十分有必要的。因此我从下面几方面谈谈自己的对大学爱情观。2、什么是健康的爱情：1) 尊重对方，不显示对爱情的占有欲，不把爱情放第一位，不痴情过分；2) 理解对方，互相关心，互相支持，互相鼓

45、励，并以对方的幸福为自己的满足; 3) 是彼此独立的前提下结合；3、什么是不健康的爱情：1)盲目的约会，忽视了学业;2)过于痴情，一味地要求对方表露爱的情怀，这种爱情常有病态的夸张;3)缺乏体贴怜爱之心，只表现自己强烈的占有欲;4)偏重于外表的追求;4、大学生处理两人的在爱情观需要三思：1. 不影响学习：大学恋爱可以说是一种必要的经历，学习是大学的基本和主要任务，这两者之间有错综复杂的关系，有的学生因为爱情，过分的忽视了学习，把感情放在第一位；学习的时候就认真的去学，不要去想爱情中的事，谈恋爱的时候用心去谈，也可以交流下学习，互相鼓励，共同进步。2. 有足够的精力：大学生活，说忙也会很忙，但说

46、轻松也是相对会轻松的！大学生恋爱必须合理安排自身的精力，忙于学习的同时不能因为感情的事情分心，不能在学习期间，放弃学习而去谈感情，把握合理的精力，分配好学习和感情。3、 有合理的时间；大学时间可以分为学习和生活时间，合理把握好学习时间和生活时间的“度”很重要；学习的时候，不能分配学习时间去安排两人的在一起的事情，应该以学习为第一；生活时间，两人可以相互谈谈恋爱，用心去谈，也可以交流下学习，互相鼓励，共同进步。5、大学生对爱情需要认识与理解，主要涉及到以下几个方面：（一） 明确学生的主要任务“放弃时间的人，时间也会放弃他。”大学时代是吸纳知识、增长才干的时期。作为当代大学生，要认识到现在的任务是

47、学习学习做人、学习知识、学习为人民服务的本领。在校大学生要集中精力，投入到学习和社会实践中，而不是因把过多的精力、时间用于谈情说爱浪费宝贵的青春年华。因此，明确自己的目标，规划自己的学习道路，合理分配好学习和恋爱的地位。（二） 树林正确的恋爱观提倡志同道合、有默契、相互喜欢的爱情：在恋人的选择上最重要的条件应该是志同道合，思想品德、事业理想和生活情趣等大体一致。摆正爱情与学习、事业的关系：大学生应该把学习、事业放在首位，摆正爱情与学习、事业的关系，不能把宝贵的大学时间，锻炼自身的时间都用于谈情说有爱而放松了学习。 相互理解、相互信任，是一份责任和奉献。爱情是奉献而不时索取，是拥有而不是占有。身

48、边的人与事时刻为我们敲响警钟，不再让悲剧重演。生命只有一次，不会重来，大学生一定要树立正确的爱情观。（三） 发展健康的恋爱行为 在当今大学校园，情侣成双入对已司空见惯。抑制大学生恋爱是不实际的，大学生一定要发展健康的恋爱行为。与恋人多谈谈学习与工作，把恋爱行为限制在社会规范内，不致越轨，要使爱情沿着健康的道路发展。正如马克思所说：“在我看来，真正的爱情是表现在恋人对他的偶像采取含蓄、谦恭甚至羞涩的态度，而绝不是表现在随意流露热情和过早的亲昵。”（四） 爱情不是一件跟风的事儿。很多大学生的爱情实际上是跟风的结果，是看到别人有了爱情，看到别人幸福的样子（注意，只是看上去很美），产生了羊群心理，也就

49、花了大把的时间和精力去寻找爱情（五） 距离才是保持爱情之花常开不败的法宝。爱情到底需要花多少时间，这是一个很大的问题。有的大学生爱情失败，不是因为男女双方在一起的时间太少，而是因为他们在一起的时间太多。相反，很多大学生恋爱成功，不是因为男女双方在一起的时间太少，而是因为他们准确地把握了在一起的时间的多少程度。（六） 爱情不是自我封闭的二人世界。很多人过分的活在两人世界，对身边的同学，身边好友渐渐的失去联系，失去了对话，生活中只有彼此两人；班级活动也不参加，社外活动也不参加，每天除了对方还是对方，这样不利于大学生健康发展，不仅影响学习，影响了自身交际和合作能力。总结：男女之间面对恋爱，首先要摆正好自己的心态，树立自尊、自爱、自强、自重应有的品格，千万不要盲目地追求爱，也不宜过急追求爱，要分清自己的条件是否成熟。要树立正确的恋爱观，明确大学的目的，以学习为第一；规划好大学计划，在不影响学习的条件下，要对恋爱认真，专一，相互鼓励，相互学习，共同进步；认真对待恋爱观，做健康的恋爱；总之，我们大学生要树立正确的恋爱观念，让大学的爱情成为青春记忆里最美的风景，而不是终身的遗憾！ 6