电气工程及其自动化翻译题

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1、1. We note a highly desirable feature of hydropower plants: the speed with which they be started up, brought up to speed, connected to the power network, and “loaded” up. This can be done in under 5 minutes, in contrast to many hours in the case of thermal plants.我们注意到水电厂高度可取的特点：速度与它们开始，提出了速度，连接到电力网

2、络， “加载”最多。这是可以做到在5分钟内，在对比度到许多小时的情况下的热植物。2. The total cost of operation includes fuel, labor, and maintenance costs, but for simplicity the only variable costs usually considered are fuel costs.总运营成本包括燃料，劳动力，成本和维护成本，但为了简单起见，通常被认为是唯一的可变成本，燃料成本。3. Most people can formulate a mental picture of a compute

3、r, but computers do so many things and come in such a variety of shapes and sizes that it might seem difficult to distill their common characteristics into an all-purpose definition.大多数人都可以制定一个精神的图片一台电脑，但电脑做这么多事情，有各种形状和大小，它可能似乎很难提炼他们的共同特点为一个通用的定义.4. For large AC motors and particularly for high-volt

4、age motors, 2300V and above, form-wound coils are used. These coils are constructed from rectangular wire, which is bent into shape around forms and then taped.对于大型交流电机，特别是对高压电机， 2300V及以上的，的形式缠绕的线圈的使用。这些线圈构造从矩形线材，弯成周围形式的形状，然后录音。5. 电气工程及其自动化专业英语涉及发变电、输电，基本电力电子技术、计算机与控制等内容。Electrical Engineering and A

5、utomation Professional English substation, transmission , power electronics technology , computer and control involving hair .6. 理想避雷器的伏安特性曲线是水平的，但实际上是缓慢向上的。所用的材料如锌氧化物，是非线性电阻。Ideal arrester voltammetry characteristic curve is horizontal, but in fact is a slow upward . The materials used , such as zi

6、nc oxide, is a non - linear resistor .7 计算机系统由电源、微处理器、主板、存储设备（硬盘等）、鼠标、键盘、显示设备、DVD驱动器、声卡、发声器，以及打印机等外围设备组成。 Computer system by the power supply , microprocessor , motherboard , storage devices (hard disk ) , mouse, keyboard , display equipment , DVD drive , sound card , sounder , as well as printers a

7、nd other peripherals composition1. 电气工程及其自动化专业英语涉及发变电、输电，基本电力电子技术、计算机与控制等内容。Electrical Engineering and Automation Professional English substation, transmission , power electronics technology , computer and control involving hair .2. 感应电机的基本运行原理可用简图3-2所示的铜盘-磁铁实验来展示，并且相对运动、磁场和感应电流三个方向之间的关系遵守右手规则。The b

8、asic operating principles of the induction motor can be used the thumbs of 3-2 Tongpan - magnet test to show, and the relative movement , the relationship between the three directions of the magnetic field and induced current compliance with the right-hand rule .3. 计算机系统由电源、微处理器、主板、存储设备（如硬盘等）、鼠标、键盘、

9、显示设备、DVD驱动器、声卡、发声器，以及打印机等外围设备组成。Computer system power supply , microprocessor , motherboard , storage devices ( such as a hard disk ) , mouse, keyboard , display equipment , DVD drive , sound card , sounder , as well as printers and other peripherals .4. Most people can formulate a mental picture of

10、 a computer, but computers do so many things and come in such a variety of shapes and sizes that it might seem difficult to distill their common characteristics into an all-purpose definition.大多数人都可以制定一个精神的图片一台电脑，但电脑做这么多事情，在这样一个不同的形状和大小，它可能似乎很难提炼他们的共同特点为一个通用的定义。5. The total cost of operation include

11、s fuel, labor, and maintenance costs, but for simplicity the only variable costs usually considered are fuel costs.总运营成本包括燃料，劳动力，成本和维护成本，但为了简单起见，通常被认为是唯一的可变成本，燃料成本。6. We note a highly desirable feature of hydropower plants: the speed with which they be started up, brought up to speed, connected to t

12、he power network, and “loaded” up. This can be done in under 5 minutes, in contrast to many hours in the case of thermal plants.我们注意到水电厂高度可取的特点：速度与它们开始，提出了速度，连接到电力网络， “加载”最多。这是可以做到在5分钟内，在对比度到许多小时的情况下的热植物。1. 按照方程（1-2）对电流的定义，电流并不需要是一个恒定的值，而是可以随时间有几种变化方式。Definition of a current in accordance with the e

13、quation (1-2 ) , the current does not need to be a constant value , but may be several variations with time .2. 感应电机的基本运行原理可用简图3-7所示的实验来展示，并且相对运动、磁场和感应电流三个方向之间的关系遵守右手规则。The basic operating principles of the induction motor can be used to show the schematic view of the 3-7 experiments , and relative

14、movement , and the relationship between the three directions of the magnetic field and induced current compliance with the right-hand rule .3. 计算机系统由电源、微处理器、主板、存储设备、鼠标、键盘、显示设备、DVD驱动器、声卡、发声器以及打印机等外围设备组成。Computer system by the power supply , microprocessor , motherboard , storage devices , mouse , key

15、board , display equipment , DVD drive , sound card , sound , and printers and other peripherals .4. 与热发电厂不同，水电厂的能量来源于下落的水流，其输出功率与水流速度和水头有直接关系。And thermal power plants , hydropower plant s energy comes from the whereabouts of water , the output power and the rate of water flow and head directly .IVTr

16、anslate (English to Chinese): 1In small and medium horsepower sizes, rotors are made by casting aluminum into their core. In the large sizes of AC motors, bronzes or other metal are used to replace copper in making the cage.在中小型马力大小，转子是由压铸铝到他们的核心。在交流电机的大尺寸的，青铜或其它金属被用于在作出笼来代替铜。2 Most people can formu

17、late a mental picture of a computer, but computers do so many things and come in such a variety of shapes and sizes that it might seem difficult to distill their common characteristics into an all-purpose definition.大多数人都可以制定一个精神的图片一台电脑，但电脑做这么多事情，在这样一个不同的形状和大小，它可能似乎很难提炼他们的共同特点为一个通用的定义。2. The total c

18、ost of operation includes fuel, labor, and maintenance costs, but for simplicity the only variable costs usually considered are fuel costs.总运营成本包括燃料，劳动力，成本和维护成本，但为了简单起见，通常被认为是唯一的可变成本，燃料成本。4. We note a highly desirable feature of hydropower plants: the speed with which they be started up, brought up

19、to speed, connected to the power network, and “loaded” up. This can be done in under 5 minutes, in contrast to many hours in the case of thermal plants.我们注意到水电厂高度可取的特点：速度与它们开始，提出了速度，连接到电力网络， “加载”最多。这是可以做到在5分钟内，在对比度到许多小时的情况下的热植物。5 In fossil-fuel power plants, coal, oil, or natural gas is burned in a

20、furnace, the combustion products heat water, converting it to steam, and the steam drives a turbine which is mechanically coupled to an electric power generator.在化石燃料发电厂，煤炭，石油，或天然气燃烧的炉中，燃烧产物的热水，将其转换成蒸汽，蒸汽驱动涡轮机被机械地耦合到电力发生器。6. Automatic control systems permeate life in all advanced societies today. Su

21、ch systems act as catalysts in promoting progress and development. They are integral components of any industrial society and are necessary for the production of goods required by an increasing world population.自动控制系统渗透在所有先进的社会生活。这样的系统作为催化剂，推动行业进步和发展。他们是任何工业社会不可或缺的组成部分，越来越庞大的世界人口所需的商品的生产是必要的1.Curren

22、t direction and voltage polarity play a major role in determining the sign of power. It is therefore important that we pay attention to the relationship between current i and voltage u.在确定权力的标志，电流方向和电压极性发挥了重要的作用。我们注意电流i和电压u之间的关系，因此，它是重要的2. A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variati

23、on with time contains information. This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air in a room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions.一个信号是任何物理变量，其大小随时间的变化包含的信息。此信息可能会涉及语音和音乐，在无线电广播，一个物理量，如在一

24、个房间里的空气的温度，或数值数据，如股票市场交易纪录。3. Power losses in the power electronic converters are comprised of the switching losses and the parasitic losses. The parasitic losses account for the losses due to the winding resistances of the inductors and transformers, the dielectric losses of capacitors, the eddy an

25、d the hysteresis(磁滞) losses.在电力电子转换器的功率损失是由将开关损耗和的寄生损耗。寄生损失占绕组电阻值的电感器和变压器，电容器介电损耗，涡流和磁滞损失（磁滞）造成的损失。4. The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapped one on top of the other with the low-voltage winding innermost. Such an arrangement serves two purposes: .被包裹在一个物理变压器的初级和次级绕组

26、，一个在另一个顶部上与最内的低压绕组。这种安排的目的有两个：.5. The protection scheme includes both the protective relays and switching circuits, i.e. circuit breakers. The protective relay which functions as a brain is a very important component.保护计划包括保护继电器和开关电路，即断路器。作为脑的保护继电器，其功能是一个非常重要的组成部分。. Translate (Chinese to English): (

27、20 marks, 5 marks for each item)1.为了改进闭环系统的运行状况以便输出量尽量接近期望值，操作员由人换成了机电子系统。Operator is replaced by the people so that the output is as close as possible to the expected value in order to improve the health of the closed-loop system , the mechanical and electrical subsystems .2要移动导体中的电子沿特定方向运动，必须有功的转换

28、。To move the electrons along the specific direction , the conductor must be meritorious conversion.3从核心角度看，计算机是一个能接受输入、处理数据、储存数据，并且产生输出的设备，所有这些都是依靠一系列指令完成的。From the core point of view , the computer is a can accept input, process data , store data , and generate output devices , all of which are rel

29、ying on a series of instructions to complete .4在燃煤发电厂中，煤首先被燃烧，使锅炉中产生热蒸汽，从而推动汽轮机带动发电机发电。Coal-fired power plants , coal is first combustion in the boiler to produce hot steam to drive the steam turbine driven generator .1.Fig.1-2 shows the voltage across an element (represented by a rectangular block)

30、 connected to points a and b. The plus (+) and minus (-) signs are used to define reference direction or voltage polarity.图2示出连接点a和b的一个元素（所表示的矩形块）的两端的电压。的加号（ +）和减号（ - ）符号被用来定义基准方向或电压极性。2. A digital signal is one that can take on values within two discrete ranges. Such signals are used to represent O

31、N-OFF or YES-NO information. An ordinary household thermostat delivers a digital signal to control the furnace.数字信号是，可以采取两个独立的范围内的值。这些信号被用来代表ON- OFF “或”YES -NO信息。普通的家用恒温器提供的数字信号来控制炉内。The electrical switches withstand high voltages and have nonzero leakage current through the switch in the off-state.

32、 The off-state power losses are given by Poff = usoff ir . The usoff and ir are respectively the reverse bias voltage in the off-state and the reverse current through the switch.电气开关承受高电压和具有非零的漏电流通过开关在关断状态。关断状态的功率损耗给定的POFF = usoff红外的。 usoff和ir分别是在关断状态，通过开关的电流的反向的反向偏置电压。4. The sizes at which the tran

33、sition between cast-aluminum (熔铝) and copper rotors takes place varies among rotor manufacturers, but virtually all rotors in motor sizes of several thousand horsepower and above are built with bar-type rotors.铸铝（熔铝）和铜转子之间的过渡发生的大小不同的转子制造商，但几乎所有的转子在几千马力的电机尺寸和上面建有条型转子。5. Power transformers are given a

34、 variety of different names, depending on their use in power systems. A transformer connected to the output of a generator and used to step its voltage up to the transmissin levels is sometimes called a unit transformer.One of the transformer windings is connected to a source of AC electric power, a

35、nd the second (and perhaps third) transformer winding supplies electric power to loads. The transformer winding connected to the power source is called the primary winding or input winding, and the winding connected to the loads is called the secondary winding or output winding. If there is a third

36、winding on the transformer, it is called the tertiary winding.电力变压器中给出的各种不同的名字，这取决于它们的使用在电力系统中。一种变压器，连接到一台发电机的输出，并用于到步骤其电压的transmissin水平有时也被称为一个单元变压器。之一的变压器绕组的是，连接到交流电力的来源，和第二个（和或许第三）变压器绕组供给电力负载。连接到电源的变压器绕组被称为初级绕组或输入1由于作用在轴上的机械负荷的变化，导致机器运转速度偏离了期望值。As the role of changes in mechanical load on the sha

37、ft , the machine speed deviation from expectations .2当水源紧张的时候，满意的办法是节省用水，并把有限的水用在满足高峰需求阶段的发电上。When water is in short supply, it is desirable to use the limited available potential energy sparingly,for periods of short duration,to meet the peak-load demands.3煤发电厂和其它化石发电厂一样存在着严重的环境问题，如酸雨和温室效应等。Coal-fi

38、red plants share environmental problems with some other types of fossil-fuel plant:these include acid rain and the greenhouse effect.4现代类型的避雷器具有很平坦的E-I特性， 这使我们可以降低安装变电站设备的BIL标准，从而节省了大量成本。Modern type of arrester with very flat E-I characteristics also enable us to reduce the BIL requirements of appar

39、atus installed in substation, which saves a lot of cost .5计算机输入可以由人、环境或其它计算机来进行。这种输入包括字符、计算数据、图片、声音信号或程序指令等。Computer input can be supplied by a person,by the environment or by another computer . Examples of the kinds of input include the words and symbols in a document,numbers for a calculation,pict

40、ure,temperatures from a thermostat,audio signals from a microphone,and instructions from a computer program. 6. In fact, the law of conservation of energy must be obeyed in any electric circuitFor this reason, the algebraic sum of power in a circuit, at any instant of time, must be zero.事实上，任何电路必须遵守

41、能量守恒定律，在任意瞬间电路中功率的代数和恒为零。3. The basic requirement to a power system is to provide an uninterrupted energy supply to customers with acceptable voltages and frequency. Because electricity can not be massively stored under a simple and economic way, the production and consumption of electricity must be

42、 done simultaneously.对电力系统的基本要求是以可接受的电压和频率给用户提供不间断的电能供应。由于电能不能以简单和经济的方式大量储存，电能的生产和消费必须同时完成。4. The rotating magnetic field is essential to the functioning of an induction motor. In practical machines this rotating magnetic field is achieved by a combination of a space displacement of the windings and

43、 a time-phase displacement of the exciting voltage.就感应电动机的工作而言，旋转磁场是非常重要的。在实际的电机中，旋转磁场是通过空间上交替布置的绕组和时间相位上相互交替的励磁电压来实现的。5. The unit just described, with pulverized coal, air, and water as an input and steam as a useful output, is variously called a steam generating unit, or furnace, or boiler.上面描述的以煤

44、粉、空气和水作为输入以蒸汽作为输出的单元可以叫做蒸汽发生单元、锅炉和蒸发器。6. A variation of the speed from the desired value, due to a change of mechanical load on the shaft, can in no way cause a change in the value of the applied armature voltage to maintain the desired speed.甲从所需的值的速度的变化，由于在该轴上的机械负载的变化，可以以任何方式造成的变化在所施加的电枢电压的值，以保持所需

45、的速度。2除了以上提到的那些基本设备之外，计算机还可以增加很多附属设备以增强自己的功能，如数码相机，扫描仪。In addition to these equipment mentioned above,some other peripheral devices might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality,such as a digital camera,scanner. 3在实际变压器中是可以构建一个等效电路来分析它主要的不足的。It is possible to construct an equivalen

46、t circuit that takes into account all the major imperfections in real transformers.4当开关闭合的时候，电流开始直线升高到Is，此时二极管V1处于通电状态。When the switch is closed , the current begins to build up linearly to Is while the diode V1 is still on. 5一个现代类型的避雷器具有用层叠状的锌氧化物碟片做成的阀块，其间没有采用任何空气间歇。A modern type of arrester has va

47、lve blocks made of stacked zinc oxide discs without using any air gaps.1In induction motors the rotating magnetic field is set up by windings in the stator, and the induced currents are carried by conductors in the rotor.在感应电动机中，旋转磁场是由定子绕组产生的，感应电流通过转子中的导体传递。2. The desirable feature of hydropower in

48、effectively meeting peak demand may be obtained in locations without suitable water flows by using pumped storage. (5分)理想的功能可以得到有效地满足需求高峰的水电位置没有合适的水流量使用抽水蓄能电站。3. Copper disk will rotate with magnetic field in the same direction, but it will never reach the rotating speed of the magnetic field, becau

49、se if it did, there would be no relative motion that results of inductive current.铜盘将以旋转磁场方向相同的方向转动，但它却达不到旋转磁场的转速，因为如果是那样，它们之间就不会有相对运动所产生的感应电流。4. The successful operation of space vehicles, the space shuttle, space stations, and re-configurable flight control systems depends on the proper functionin

50、g of the large number of control systems used in such ventures.航天器，航天飞机，空间站和可重新配置的飞行控制系统的成功运作，依赖于这样的企业中使用大量的控制系统的正常运作。5. In every aspect of our increasingly technological societywhether it is science, engineering, medicine, music, maintenance, or even espionagethe role of electronics is large, and i

51、t is growing.在日益发展的科技社会中的每一方面，无论是科学、工程、医学、音乐、维修，甚至是谍报，电子学的作用都是非常大的，而且越来越重要。6. The stop valve has a protective function; it is normally fully open but can be “tripped” shut to prevent over-speed of the turbine-generator unit if the electrical output drops suddenly.关断阀门起一个保护作用，正常时它是全开的，如果电气输出功率突然降低，它可

52、以突然关断以防止汽轮发电机超速。7. We can proceed to our simplification of sinusoidal steady-state analysis by establishing the relationship between the phasor voltage and phasor current for each of the three passive elements.通过建立三种无源元件各自的电压相量和电流相量之间的关系，我们可以对正弦稳态分析进行简化。. Translate (Chinese to English): (15 marks, 5

53、 marks for each item)1. 信号是这样一种物理量：随着时间的变化，其大小或差值包含有信息。A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variation with time contains information.2计算机软件帮助你管理文件、装载数据、执行应用程序，并且从鼠标和键盘接收你的命令。Computer software helps you to manage your files , to load and execute programs , and to accept your commands

54、from the mouse and keyboard .3虽然我们现在知道，在金属导体中，电流是由负电荷电子引起的，但我们依然采用广泛接受的习惯：电流是正电荷的净流动。Although we now know that the current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons,we will follow the universally accepted convention that current is the net flow of positive charges. 2. Current dir

55、ection and voltage polarity play a major role in determining the sign of power. It is therefore important that we pay attention to the relationship between current i and voltage u in Fig.1-3.2。电压极性和电流极性决定功率的符号。因此需要关注图1-3（a）中的电压u与电流i之间的关系。5. Some arresters are composed of an external porcelain tube c

56、ontaining an ingenious arrangement of stacked discs, air gaps, ionizers, and coils.某些避雷器外部瓷管含有一个巧妙的安排层叠光盘，空气间隙，静电消除器，和线圈组成1. 电力系统的稳态运行经常被电气设备的各种故障或外部因素如自然灾害等所干扰。Steady-state operation of the power system often interfere with electrical equipment failure or external factors such as natural disasters

57、.2计算机是有多种功能的机器，可以完成很多种任务，但有些类型的计算机则是为一些专门任务设计的，如工作站。Computer are versatile machine,which are able to perform a truly amazing assortment of tasks, but some types of computer are better suited to certain tasks ,such as work station. 3在非高峰用电期间，发电机充当电动机运行，通过水轮机把水相反地从低处抽到蓄水库中。During off-peak times, the g

58、enerators, operating as synchronous motors, in this scheme water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher one. 4今天，自动控制系统渗透到社会生活的各个方面，并且在促进经济发展和技术进步方面起到催化剂的作用。Today , the automatic control system penetrated into all aspects of social life , and act as a catalyst in promoting economic development

59、 and technological progress .5电力变压器是由一到两种铁芯构成的。在其中一种结构类型中，线圈缠绕在由简单的钢片组成的矩形框架的两端。The power transformer is constituted by one to two kinds of cores . In one type of the structure , the coil is wound at both ends of the rectangular frame composed by a simple steel .2. Hydroplants are classified as high

60、 head (over 100 ft) and low head. The head refers to the difference of elevation between the upper reservoir above the turbine and the tail race or discharge point just below the turbine.水电厂按水头不同可分为高水头（超过100ft）和低水头两类。水头指的是水轮机上游水库和下游尾水渠之间的海拔高度差。5. The other kind of signal is a digital signal. It is o

61、ne that can take on values within two discrete ranges - ON/OFF or YES/NO.另一种信号是数字信号，数字信号是在两个离散的范围内取值的信号。这种信号常用以表示开-关或者是-否的信息。. Translate (Chinese to English): (15 marks, 5 marks for each item)1. 在断开状态下，电气开关承受着高电压并且具有非零的泄露电流穿过开关。The electrical switches withstand high voltages and have nonzero leakage

62、 current through the switch in the off-state.。3电力系统的保护方案包括继电器和开关电路，例如短路器。其中继电器就象大脑，是最重要的组成部分。The protection scheme includes both the protective relay and switching circuits,i.e. circuit breakers. The protective relay which function as a brain is a very important component.It is very important to app

63、ly theory to practice. 把理论应用于实践是非常重要的。Electricity is the main power used in industry. 电是工业上使用的主要动力。The factory has become a modern factory producing computers.那个工厂已经变成了一座生产计算机的现代工厂。Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of it energy.当电流流过电路时，要损耗掉一部分能量。Doing experiment is of great help

64、 to us. 做实验对我们的学习是很有帮助的。By changing the resistance， we can change the current. 通过改变电阻，我们就能改变电流。Mechanization is using machines instead of hand labor. 机械化就是用机器来代替手工劳动。When an electric current flow through a wire it meets some opposition.当电流流过导线时，它会遇到某种阻力。The fact is that radio waves travel as fast as

65、 light does.事实是无线电波的传播速度与光速一样快。The places where small computers can be used appear endless.可以使用小型计算机的场合似乎是无止境的。This is how a computer works. 这就是计算机的工作原理。Electrons always move toward where the potential is higher. 电子总是朝向电位较高的地方移动。 The fact that everything around us is matter is known to all.我们周围的一切东西均是物质这一事实是大家都知道的。