情态动词语法讲稿及随堂练习

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1、情态动词语法讲稿及随堂练习第一篇:情态动词语法讲稿及随堂练习情态动词详解情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达 2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气 3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法情态动词表达虚拟语气:表达“本来”,“不然早就”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨,后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思,有如下结构:should have done / ought to have done:本应该 shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done:本不该 could have do

2、ne:本来可以 neednt have done:本来没必要 would like to have done:本来很想 would rather not have done: 本来不愿意 could / might / have done: 不然早就情态动词讲解与训练高考重点要求:1掌握情态动词的基本含义和用法,并能根据语境准确使用表达情感的情态动词。2注意情态动词表示推测的语义差别。3掌握情态动词后接不定式完成体的不同意义。复习中需要注意的几点:1.情态动词表推测时语气的差异肯定句中可用:must , may ,might,should etc. must语气最强 否定句式中可用can no

3、t , could not , may not ,might not , can not 语气最强,不可能1、情态动词的完成式: 情态动词的完成式即“情态动词+ have + v-ed分词”,表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。如:Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night. 沟渠里的水都满了,想必昨晚一定下雨了。You couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. 你不可能遇到我奶奶,因为她早在你出生前就死了。I can

4、t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到钥匙了,也许昨天丢到学校了吧。 当情态动词完成式是由ought to / should加完成式或否定式ought not to / shouldnt加完成式时,是表示对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”。例如:You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 你本不应该取笑他的。他不是你嘲笑是热恰恰是你应

5、该学习的一个人。You should have finished your compositon by yesterday. 你本应该昨天前就把作文写完的。 neednt have v-ed neednt have v-ed 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要, 意为“本没必要”。例如: You neednt have wakened me up; I dont have to go to work today. 你本没必要把我叫醒,因为我今天不上班。 注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。must表示推测1)

6、must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为一定。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there.他必须呆在那。3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。I d

7、idnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。否定推测用cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。表示推测的用法对不同时间段发生的事情的推测对现在(一般现在)的推测情态动词V原 对过去的推测情态动词have + Vp.p 对现在进行的动作的推测情态动词be + Vingcan, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:1)情态动词+动词原形。

8、表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。3)情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road

9、 is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推

10、测的程度不如can, may。三、推测1. 表肯定推测的情态助动词按可能性从小到大排列:might, may, could, should, ought to, will, must;其中might, may, could表示“可能”,should, ought to表示“料想/按常理说应该”, will, must表示“肯定,一定”(must的推测把握最大,它表示没有其它的可能性了,肯定是某种情况;而will是一种主观感觉,并没有排除所有其它可能性)。2. 否定推测可能性从小到大排列为:might not, may not, should not / ought not to, wont,

11、couldnt / cant。其中might not / may not意思是 “可能不”,should not / ought not to意思是“料想/按常理不会 ”, wont意思是“肯定不”,“ couldnt / cant”表示“不可能”。 3. 这些表事实推测的情态动词都可以表示对各种时间的事实推测,是哪种时间取决于情态助动词后面的主动词形式,分别表述于下:1) 情态助动词+do:对现在的一般情况或将来进行推测That man smiled at you. He may know you. (= Maybe he knows you.) 那个男的朝你笑了。他可能认识你。Usuall

12、y Lucy arrives very early, so she shouldnt / oughtnt to be late this time. (= Its reasonable to assume that she wont be late this time.) 通常Lucy到得很早,所以她这次不应该会迟到。2) 情态助动词+ be doing: 对说话时的行为进行推测(但will be doing还可以表示对将来某个时候正发生的行为进行推测) Its already midnight and all lights are off now. The students must be

13、sleeping. (= There cant be another possibility.) 已经半夜了,所有的灯也都熄了。学生们肯定在睡觉。 Its already midnight. The students will be sleeping now.(对说话时的行为推测) (= Im quite sure the students are sleeping now.) 已经半夜了。学生们会是在睡觉。Our airplane flies very fast. Perhaps we will be flying over the Pacific when we wake up tomor

14、row morning.(对将来某个时候正发生的行为进行推测) 我们的飞机飞得很快。可能我们明天早晨醒来的时候会在飞越太平洋。3)情态助动词+ have done:对发生过的动作行为进行推测We cant find Tom anywhere. He might / may / could have left town. (= Maybe he has left town.) 我们到处都找不到Tom。他可能已经离开镇子了。The girl in red must have been Lucy. She said she would wear a red blouse and no other g

15、irls were in red then. (= There cant be another possibility.) 那个穿红衣的女子一定是Lucy。她当时说她会穿一件红色的衬衫而且当时没有其他的女孩穿红色的衣服。 4) 情态助动词+have been doing: 对过去某时候正在发生的行为进行推测(也可以表示一直持续到现在的行为) I heard a lot of people singing. They may have been having a party. (=Maybe they were having a party.) 我当时听到很多人唱歌。他们可能在聚会。The gi

16、rl doesnt want to talk to his boyfriend. They must have been quarreling. (= Im sure they have been quarreling.) 这个女孩不想和她男朋友说话。他们肯定一直在吵架来着。 注意:1) mustnt不能表示推测,而表示禁止;表示不可能是couldnt / cant;can只能在否定句(即“不可能”)和疑问句中(可能吗)表示推测。2) can不能用于肯定句中表示对任何时间的事实进行推测(即不能用can do / can have done / can be doing / can have b

17、een doing表示对事实进行推测),如不能说She can be Lucy.来表示“她可能是Lucy。”只能说“She could / may / might be Lucy.” Can可以用在否定句中和疑问句中表示对事实推测,cant表示不可能,和couldnt 同义,如前所述;用在一般疑问句中,如Can that be Tom?表示“可能.吗?”用在特殊疑问句中,如What can it be?” 表示“可能是什么/为什么/在哪儿.呢?”3) 但是can可以用在肯定句中,表示理论可能上的或泛泛而谈的可能性,可翻译为“(有时)可能”,它不是表示对具体事实的推测。如:The tempera

18、ture on the mountain top can be as low as minus 15 degress. 山顶的气温有时可能低达零下15度。The road is always busy. It can be blocked at any time.这条路总是很繁忙。随时都有可能堵上。 对比:Its very cold now. It could /may / might be as low as minus 15 degrees. 现在好冷。现在的气温可能低达零下15度。(对事实推测)The traffic ahead is not moving. The road could

19、 / may / might be blocked now. 前面的车没有动了。可能路堵上了。(对事实推测)情态动词+ have +过去分词1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 2) must have +done sth

20、,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有肯定,谅必的意思。-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She must have gone by bus. 3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了。You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old cloth

21、es away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4) neednt have done sth本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot. 5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.情态动词中应特别注意的典的型结构They must be in the library,

22、arent they? 他们一定还在图书馆,对吧?They must have gone to the library, havent they? 他们一定去图书馆了,对吧? They must have been to the library yesterday, didnt they? 他们昨天一定去了图书馆,是不是? Let me do it, will you? 让我来做,好么? Let me help you, may I? 请让我帮你,可以吗? Dont move, will you? 请你别动! Go quickly, can you? 你能不能快点?Lets go for a

23、walk, shall we? 咱们去散步,好么?He used to live in the countryside, didnt/usednt he? 他过去住在农村,对吧?情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点:1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。2)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。4) 情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to ,即接动词原形。英文中的情态动词主要有:can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need

24、 ; dare , dared ,另外,shall , will , should , would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。例如:He can speak five languages .他会说五种语言。She must have arrived home by now .现在她准到家了。We should study hard for our motherland . 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。They neednt be in such a hurry for there is enough timefor them . 他们还有足够的时间,用不着这么慌张。1. 常用情态动词的基本用法

25、can , could 能,会(could可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。)表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。但是were / was able to的肯定形式也可以表示过去实现了的具体能力(即表示过去某个时候某人成功地做成某事),此时不能用could替代He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out A

26、lthough the pilot was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened. 尽管这个飞行员当时受了重伤,他还是将事情的经过解释清楚了(而不是“他有能力解释清楚”)。1)表示脑力或体力上的能力Nobody can stop the development of science .谁也无法阻止科学的发展。She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters .他能潜入约二十米深的水中。He c

27、ould hardly support his family before he found the new job .他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith .我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。 2)表示可能(理论上或逻辑判断上)表示客观上的可能性The temperature can fall to -60c, You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You can sta

28、rt a fire. You can borrow this useful book from the library .你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。Now people can skate on the lake .现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。When the storm stopped , the plane could take off .当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了不得。3)表示主观上的允许Can I ask you so

29、me questions about it ?我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗?You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回来你才能离开。Such kind of thing cant happen any more later .这类事以后不准再发生了。Can you tell me how to get to the airport ? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗?Could you tell me how to get to the airport ?您能告诉我怎么去机场吗?Could I be forgiven my negligence ?

30、请原谅我的疏忽,行吗?4)(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧How can / could you be here ? 你怎么会在这儿?She couldnt / cant be so stupid to do that .她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。He couldnt / cant be over seventy .他不可能有七十多岁了。Where could / can the boy be now ? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢?另外,could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的

31、用法。如:Could you speak a little slowly ?您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?Im afraid that we couldnt give you any definite answer at this moment .恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。I could come earlier if asked .如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help .如果您能为我们提供帮助的话,我们将不甚感激。You could have done better if you

32、 had worked harder at it .如果你再加把劲,本来可以干得更好一些的。(二)情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用,必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用,在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式,在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下:1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法(1)表示能力,如:He can speak Engl

33、ish better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dongs? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式,如:He will be

34、able to do the work better. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法may , might 或许,可能,可以(might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to

35、 的不定式,意为不妨。If that is the case, we may as well try.表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为祝愿。 如: May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。 May you be happy! 祝你幸福!(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或 may not,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:- May I use this dictionary? - Yes, please. 或 -

36、Certainly. 在请求对方许可时,如果Might I? 就比用May I? 语气更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用must not代替may not,如:- May we swim in this lake? - No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:They may (might) be in the library now .3、

37、must的基本用法(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式 must not,缩写形式为 mustnt,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustnt touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用neednt或用dont (doesnt) have to (不必)来回答,而不用mustnt,因为mustnt表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:- Must we finish the work tomorrow? - N

38、o, you neednt (dont have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:- Whose new bike can it be? - It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought him a new one.4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法(1)can, could后接完成式的用法:在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Could he

39、have said so? 在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如:- When did you answer her letter? - Only yesterday. - Its too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,如:Mary might have learned some Chinese before. 可以表示过去本来可

40、以做到而实际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气,如:You didnt do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到了,如:Liu Dong isnt in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.5、have to 的基本用法:have to和must的意义相近,只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而have to 则表示客观需要注意:在这种用法中,回答以must引导的问句时,若

41、是否定答复,不可以用mustnt 而需要用neednt 或是dont have to,因为mustnt意思是绝不能、一定不要,而没有不必的意思。例如:-Must we hand in our exercises today ? 我们今天必须交作业吗? -Yes , you must .是的,必须交。-No , you neednt (or , you dont have to ). 不,不必今天交。6、ought to的基本用法(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.

42、(2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:He must be home by now .(断定他已到家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定),This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ,This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ;(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如:You ought to have helped him. (but you didnt) 这时,ought与 should可以互相换用。注意,在美国英语中ought to

43、 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much.7、dare的基本用法(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:She dares to stay at home alone at night.8、need的基本用法(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:He ne

44、ednt worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。(3)neednt后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情9、shall的基本用法(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示, Shall用于第一人称和

45、第三人称的疑问句中是向听话人征求意见或命令; 用于第二,三人称的陈述句是表示说话人(并非主语)的意志或愿意,含命令,许诺,威胁等含义。 Example dialogues: Martin: Shall I bring my pen to the meeting tomorrow, sir? = Do you want me to 我要不要明天把笔带来开会,老师?Teacher: Yes, you shall. And you shall tell other students to do the same and that they shant be late. = I demand that

46、 you tell and that they shouldnt be late. 要。你还要告诉其他学生要带笔,还有他们不能迟到。10、should的基本用法用于表示“建议、命令、要求、主张、指示”类含义的名词性从句中的谓语部分should do,但should可以省略;6) 用在虚拟语气句子中,表示发生的可能性不大,但也并非全无可能性,可译为“万一”,如:If it should rain, buy an umbrella. = Should it rain, buy 万一下雨就买一把伞。Stay at home in case he should come to visit you.呆在

47、家里以防万一他来访。7)还可以表示兴奋或吃惊,可译为“竟然”,如: Guess who that man is. He should be my favorite actor.猜猜那个男的是谁。他竟然是我最喜爱的演员。Its amazing that she should be the only student who has won the award.她竟然是唯一赢得这个奖的学生,真是神了。(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的

48、事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。Should 表推测, 想必一定,照说应该、估计。竟然They should be home by now.11、will的基本用法(1)表意愿,用于各人称陈述句,可以表示“意志”或“决心”,如:I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. If you will read the book, I will lend it to you. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,如:Will you please tell me

49、how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意 Fish will die out of water. The door wont open. would表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在,疑问式和否定式有两种。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.shall 用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。 主要表示下面几层意思: 1)

50、许诺You shall hear everything directly you come .你一来就可以听到一切了。 Whatever you want you shall have , said the Fairy . 仙女说:你想得到什么,你就可以有什么。 I dont want to be hard on your daughter ; she shant be pressed . 我不想对你女儿太严厉,她不会太受压的。I promise that you shall see her again before long . 我保证你不久就能再见到她。 2)命令You shall com

51、e to my office immediately .你必须马上来我的办公室。 She shall not stay in my garden .她不可以呆在我的花园里。 He shall not come into my study . 不许他进我的书房。 You shall do as you are told .按告诉你的那么做。 3)决心(表示某事一定会发生)That day shall come .那一天一定会到来。It has been decided that he shall be given the job . 肯定给他那份工作的事已经定下来了。This law shall

52、 come into effect on January 1st 2022 这个法律于2022年元月1日生效。 4)规定Each competitor shall wear a number .每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。 The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state . 租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after receipt

53、 of the goods .卖方十月以前装运,买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。should (用作情态动词时,有时表示具体的意思,有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面。) 1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事You shouldnt come to such a decision hastily . 你不应该匆匆忙忙地作出这么一个决定。You should write to your parents at least once a month . 你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。We should read English aloud every morning . 我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。Th

54、ey should do it for their own good . 为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。 2)表示对某种情况的估计She shouldnt be out in such an early morning . 她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices . 人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。This book s

55、hould be published in two months at most . 这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。 3)表示惊讶、失望等情绪I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable. 我认为,竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。Why should I pay him for nothing ? 我干吗要无为地付给他钱? It seems so unfair that this should happen to me . 这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。Its strange that it should be so

56、 cold today .奇怪,今天怎么会这么冷。 4)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized . 大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。If it had not been for the doctors care the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料,这个女孩现在就不能与你说话了。 She stood away so that he should enter the room first . 她让到一边,好让他第一个进入房

57、间。Ill write it down lest I should forget it 我将它记下以免遗忘。 Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain . 带上雨伞,以防万一下雨。用于表示一种惊讶的语气,should的这一用法也是考试中常常出现的考点之一:例:It is unthinkable that a strong character like Nancy should find a weak-willed man acceptable.(象南希这样很有主见的女子竟然觉得一个意志软弱的男子也可以接受,真让人不可想象。)I was s

58、hocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(她竟然对你说这种话,真让我吃惊。)will , would (would可以看作是will的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)1)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求(在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉) Will you tell her that Ill be back in twenty minutes ? 请告诉她我二十分钟后回来,好吗?If you want help, just let m

59、e know , will you ? 你需要帮助就告诉我,好吗?Wont you come in and have a little whisky ? 你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌?(或是:你进来喝一点儿威士忌,好吗?) Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ? 您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗? 2)用于表示愿望Go where you will .去你想去的地方吧。I will pay you at the rate you ask .我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。He wouldnt let the doctor take his

60、 blood pressure .他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。 They had to obey whether they would or not .他们不得不遵从他们的意愿。 3)表示习惯、倾向(可译成总是会、老是,等 ) Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon . 有时侯,那只猫总是整个下午都躺在那儿。 Oil and water will not mix .油和水决不能调和。 He would sit there for hours, doing nothing at all . 他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时,什么都不干。 4)表示猜

61、测(可译成一定是、想必,等 )This will be the house youre looking for .这想必就是你要找的房子吧。 He will have gone back to New Zealand .他一定是回新西兰去了。 The person you mentioned would be the father , is that right ? 你说的那个人一定是爸爸了,对吗?That would be in 1999 , I think .那大概是在1999年吧。 5)will用于表示决心(可译成一定要,决心,等 ) We will never talk about t

62、hat subject again . 我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night . 我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。6)would常用于虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。 Well, I wouldnt worry about it . It wont do me any good . 好了,我不会担心那件事的,因为它不会给我带来什么好处

63、。表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have + 过去分词。例如:You must be tired after working so long .你工作这么久以后,肯定累了吧。 It must be that naughty boy crying outside .肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。 The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or later. 这种想法肯定或迟或早会被社会所接受的。It must have rained last night

64、 for it is so wet outside . 外面这么湿,昨晚肯定下雨了。I didnt see you in class yesterday. You must have been absent .我昨天上课没见着你,你肯定没有来。情态动词详解关键字: 师生交流 作者:林建华 更新时间:2022-12-20228:42:00一、情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?You must obey the school rules

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