2022年考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师点拨押题密卷11（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题One major obstacle Ato economic development is population growth. BThe populations of most developing countries grow at a rate much faster than Cthat of industrialized countries. One reason for this growth is the high crude birth-ratethe number of Dlive births

2、 per 1,000 people.问题1选项A.toB.The populationsC.thatD.live births【答案】C【解析】考查代词用法。B选项与C选项中间有比较标志than说明两者之间有比较。C选项的that指代the populations，应与前面的复数形式保持一致，应把that改为those。2. 单选题Mycenae strands on a hill skirted by two deep ravines. The site is a natural strong point, dominating the plain of Argos. It was firs

3、t occupied about 3000 B. C., and a new settlement was made about 2000 B. C., which is generally believed to be the time when Greek speakers arrived in Greece. There is clear evidence for a sudden increase in the importance and prosperity of this settlement about 1600 B. C., two grave circles have be

4、en found, one inside the later walls and containing six shaft graves, excavated by Schliemann in the 1870s, the other rather earlier in date, outside the walls, discovered in 1950. These graves contained a mass of gold and other precious objects of great beauty, including import from Minoan Crete an

5、d Egypt.The power and wealth of Mycenae increased rapidly. There was soon a uniform culture in mainland Greece, stretching from Thessaly in the north to the south of the Peloponnesus, with palaces at Thebes, Athens, Mycenae, Tiryns, and Pylos and probably at other sites not yet discovered. Although

6、the palaces were the administrative centers of separate kingdoms, it seem likely that Mycenae was the leading, if not the dominated, kingdom. From 1500 B. C., the kings of Mycenae were buried in massive stone tombs outside the walls, of which the largest, the so-called Treasury of Atreus, is a magni

7、ficent architectural achievement. About 1450 B. C. the Achaeans, as the Greeks of the Mycenaean period were called, invaded Crete and destroyed all the Minoan palaces except Knossos, which they occupied. Succeeding to and made settlements on the islands and in Asia Minor. The zenith of Mycenaean pow

8、er and prosperity was in the early thirteenth century; in this period were built the walls, some of which still stand, and the lion gate. By about 1250 B. C., when the defenses were renewed and improved, there is evidence of destruction outside the walls. Trade declined; a period of upheaval and det

9、erioration had begun. The Trojan War is thought to have occurred about this time. The traditional date for the fall of Troy is 1184 B. C., but the American archaeologist Blegen, who made the most complete recent excavations and found clear evidence of a prolonged siege, date the destruction of Troy

10、to about 1240 B C. It looks as though the Trojan expedition was the last united effort of the Achaeans.Mycenae was subjected to three successive attacks in the following years. In the first, the houses outside the walls were destroyed; in the second, the citadel was sacked; in the third, it was fina

11、lly destroyed and not reoccupied. The other mainland palaces were all sacked around 1200 B. C., presumably by bands of invading Dorian.1.When is it believed that the first Greek speakers first occupied Mycenae, and how long did it take before there was clear evidence of prosperity?2.Who made the mos

12、t complete excavations of the site, and what did he/they find?3.Who were the Achaeans, and what did they do in the last half of the 14th century B C. ?4.According to the passage, did the Mycenaeans engage in international trade? If yes, with whom?5.According to the passage, were the people in mainla

13、nd Greece united, and if so, where was the seat of power located?问题1选项A.3000 B . C . and 500 yearsB.2000 B . C . and 400 yearsC.1184 B . C . and 300 yearsD.1240 B . C . and 600 years问题2选项A.Schleimann, and he found six grave shafts containing gold.B.Blegen, and he found evidence of a prolonged siege.

14、C.American archaeologists, and they found that the height of Mycenaean power and prosperity were in the early thirteenth century B. C.D.A team of German archaeologists, and they found that the kings of Mycenae were buried in massive stone tombs outside the city walls.问题3选项A.They were Dorians that in

15、vaded Mycenae and sacked most of the mainland palaces but not Knossos.B.They were the inhabitants of Troy, and they withstood a long siege in their city, according to the work of an American archaeologist.C.They were settlers in Asia Minor, and they expanded into the sea trade.D.They were Greeks in

16、the Mycenaean Period,and they invaded Crete, destroying all the palaces there except Knossos,which they inhabited.问题4选项A.No, the Mycenaeans were mainly engages in the conquest of states within the Peloponnesus and surrounding islands.B.Yes, they were. There was evidence of international trade since

17、among grave goods there were found imports from both Crete and North Africa.C.No, although there was a great deal of gold found in the shaft graves at Mycenae in the 1870s and later in the 1950s,there was no evidence that international trade had occurred.D.Both A and C.问题5选项A.No, they werent. Greece

18、 was a collection of kingdom with various administrative centers, but it would appear that Mycenae was a dominate and perhaps a leading kingdom.B.Yes,they were united under Mycenae.C.Yes, although there were a number of administrative centers of separate kingdoms, Mycenae was the leader in mainland

19、Greece.D.Both B and C.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文章第一段提到“and a new settlement was made about 2000 B. C.,which is generally believed to be the time when Greek speakers arrived in Greece. There is clear evidence for a sudden increase in the importance and prosperity of this settlemen

20、t about 1600 B. C.”，讲希腊语的希腊人在公元前2000年来到希腊，在公元前1600年，这一个新辟地兴旺繁荣起来。因此B选项符合时间描述。第2题:2.事实细节题。文章第二段提到“but the American archaeologist Blegen, who made the most complete recent excavations and found clear evidence of a prolonged siege”，可知是Blegen完成了最完整的、最近的一次考古挖掘，挖掘了长时间围攻的证据。因此B选项符合题意。第3题:3.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到文章

21、第二段“About 1450 B.C. the Achaens, as the Greeks of the Mycenaean period were called, invaded Crete and destroyed all the Minoan palaces except Knossos, which they occupied”，Achaens就是迈锡尼时代的希腊人，他们在公元前14世纪入侵了克里特岛，毁坏了米诺斯供电，除了他们已经占领的克诺索斯。因此D选项符合题意。第4题:4.判断推理题。文章虽没有直接提及贸易往来，但在第一段最后一句说到“These graves contain

22、ed a mass of gold and other precious objects of great beauty, including import from Minoan Crete and Egypt”可知，墓葬中有大量来自克里特岛和埃及的进口物品。因此可推测迈锡尼人与克里特岛和埃及有贸易往来，B选项符合题意。第5题:5.判断推理题。第二段中提到“There was soon a uniform culture in mainland Greece, stretching from Thessaly in the north to the south of the Peloponn

23、esus, with palaces at Thebes, Athens, Mycenae, Tiryns, and Pylos and probably at other sites not yet discovered. Although the palaces were the administrative centers of separate kingdoms, it seem likely that Mycenae was the leading, if not the dominated, kingdom.”，可知希腊大陆当时很快形成了统一的文化，且是由各个独立的王国组成。迈锡尼

24、可能是当时居于首位的王国。C选项符合题意。3. 单选题A new degree of intellectual power seems cheap at any price. The use of the world is that man may learn its laws. And the human race has wisely signified their sense of this, by calling wealth, means - Man being the end. Language is always wise.Therefore I praise New Engla

25、nd because it is the place in the world where is the freest expenditure for education. We have already taken, at the planting of the Colonies, the initial step, which for its importance might have been resisted as the most radical of revolutions, thus deciding at the start the destiny of this countr

26、y - this, namely, that the poor man, whom the law does not allow to take an ear of corn when starving, nor a pair of shoes for his freezing feet, is allowed to put his hand into the pocket of the rich, and say, You shall educate me, not as you will, but as I will: not alone in the elements, but, by

27、further provision, in the languages, in sciences, in the useful and in elegant arts. The child shall be taken up by the State, and taught, at the public cost, the rudiments of knowledge, and, at last, the ripest results of art and science.Humanly speaking, the school, the college, society, make the

28、difference between men. All the fairy tales of Aladdin or the invisible Gyges or the talisman that opens kings palaces or the enchanted halls underground or in the sea, are any fictions to indicate the one miracle of intellectual enlargement. When a man stupid becomes a man inspired, when one and th

29、e same man passes out of the torpid into the perceiving state, leaves the din of trifles, the stupor of the senses, to enter into the quasi-omniscience of high thoughtup and down, around, all limits disappear. No horizon shuts down. He sees things in their causes, all facts in their connection.One o

30、f the problems of history is the beginning of civilization. The animals that accompany and serve man make no progress as races. Those called domestic are capable of learning of man a few tricks of utility or amusement, but they cannot communicate the skill to their race. Each individual must be taug

31、ht anew. The trained dog cannot train another dog. And Man himself in many faces retains almost the unteachableness of the beast. For a thousand years the islands and forests of a great part of the world have been led with savages who made no steps of advance in art or skill beyond the necessity of

32、being fed and warmed. Certain nations with a better brain and usually in more temperate climates have made such progress as to compare with these as these compare with the bear and the wolf.Victory over things is the office of man. Of course, until it is accomplished, it is the war and insult of thi

33、ngs over him. His continual tendency, his great danger, is to overlook the fact that the world is only his teacher, and the nature of sun and moon, plant and animal only means of arousing his interior activity. Enamored of their beauty, comforted by their convenience, he seeks them as ends, and fast

34、 loses sight of the fact that they have worse than no values, that they become noxious, when he becomes their slave.This apparatus of wants and faculties, this craving body, whose organs ask all the elements and all the functions of Nature for their satisfaction, educate the wondrous creature which

35、they satisfy with light, with heat, with water, with wood, with bread, with wool. The necessities imposed by his most irritable and all-related texture have taught Man hunting, pasturage, agriculture, commerce, weaving, joining, masonry, geometry, astronomy. Here is a world pierced and belted with n

36、atural laws, and fenced and planted with civil partitions and properties, which all put new restraints on the young inhabitant. He too must come into this magic circle of relations, and know health and sickness, the fear of injury, the desire of external good, the charm of riches, the charm of power

37、. The household is a school of power. There, within the door, learn the tragicomedy of human life. Here is the sincere thing, the wondrous composition for which day and night go round. In that routine are the sacred relations, the passions that bind and sever. Here is poverty and all the wisdom its

38、hated necessities can teach, here labor drudges, here affections glow, here the secrets of character are told, the guards of man, the guards of woman, the compensations which, like angels of justice, pay every debt: the opium of custom, whereof all drink and many go mad. Here is Economy, and Glee, a

39、nd Hospitality, and Ceremony, and Frankness, and Calamity, and Death, and Hope.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.What does the word “torpid” mean in paragraph 3?3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?4.What does the sentence “Victory over things is the office of man” mean?5.From the passa

40、ge, we can assume that the author believes that .问题1选项A.The power of human civilization.B.The relationship between man and nature.C.Man learning the laws of society.D.The education empowerment of man.问题2选项A.Slow.B.Stagnant.C.Confused.D.Excitable.问题3选项A.A range of experiences can be found in ones own

41、 home.B.Not all life lessons require a teacher or classroom.C.Necessity is the mother of invention.D.Human endeavor is subject to the laws of nature.问题4选项A.Man is driven by ambition and desire.B.Man believes himself superior to the natural world.C.It is the duty of man to work to the end.D.Victory c

42、an be precarious.问题5选项A.man does his best to meet his needsB.the future of civilization rests on mans learning about natural lawsC.man has great potential within himD.man is responsible for his own destruction【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出“The use of the world is that ma

43、n may learn its laws”，在接下来的段落提到了人与教育之间的关系，在最后两段作者主要强调人类的教育赋权，即本文的主题，所以选项D正确。第2题:2.词义判断题。根据原文“passes out of the torpid into the perceiving state”从“torpid”的状态进入到感知的状态，再根据下文“leaves the din of trifles, the stupor of the senses, to enter into the quasi-omniscience of high thought.”留下琐事的喧嚣，麻木的感官，进入到类似全知的高

44、度思维状态 由此可推测，“torpid”的状态和琐事喧嚣，麻木的感官是相对应的，所以“torpid”意为迟钝的，不活泼的，选项B与之意思相近。第3题:3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“This apparatus of wants and facultieswith bread, with wool.”可知，并不是所有的人生课程都需要老师或教室，大自然同样也能教育人类。所以选项B符合原文。第4题:4.推理判断题。根据下文“His continual tendency, his great danger, is to overlook the fact that the world is on

45、ly his teacher, and the nature of sun and moon, plant and animal only means of arousing his interior activity.”他（人类）持续的倾向以及巨大的危险，是忽视了这样一个事实：世界只是他的老师，太阳和月亮，植物和动物的本质只是激发人类内心活动的手段。由此可推断，人类喜欢战胜一切是由于野心和欲望的驱使。第5题:5.推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四句“Here is a world pierced and belted. the charm of riches, the charm of powe

46、r.”这是一个被自然法则束缚的世界，安置着民用隔墙和财产并用围栏围着，所有这些都对年轻的居民施加了新的限制。他也必须进入这个神奇的关系圈，了解健康和疾病，对伤害的恐惧，对外在美好的渴望，以及财富和权力的魅力。也就是说，人们应该要学习自然法则，因为文明的未来取决于人类对自然规律的了解。选项B符合原文。4. 单选题In a letter to a friend, George Orwell wrote, “It is impossible to mention Jews in print, either favorably or unfavorably, without getting into

47、trouble.” But there are times when trouble had better be got into before mere trouble turns into catastrophe. Jews,blacks, and homosexualists are despised by the majorities of East and West. Also, as a result of the invention of Israel, Jews can now count on the hatred of the Islamic world. Since Am

48、ericas own Christian majority looks to be getting ready for great adventures at home and abroad, I would suggest that the three despised minorities join forces in order not to be destroyed. This seems an obvious thing to do. Unfortunately, most Jews refuse to see any similarity between their special

49、 situation and that of the same-sexers. At one level, the Jews are perfectly correct. A racial or religious or tribal identity is a kind of fact. Although sexual preference is an even more powerful fact, it is not one that creates any particular social or cultural or religious bond between those so-

50、minded. Although Jews would doubtless be Jews if there was no anti-Semitism, same-sexers would think little or nothing at all about their preference if society ignored it. So there is a difference between the two estates. But there is no difference in the degree of hatred felt by the Christian major

51、ity for Christ-killers and Sodomites. In the German concentration camps, Jews wore yellow stars while homosexualists wore pink triangles. I was present when Christopher Isherwood tried to make this point to a young Jewish movie producer. “After all,” said Isherwood, “Hitler killed six hundred thousa

52、nd homosexuals.” The young man was not impressed. “But Hitler killed six million Jews,” he said sternly. “What are you?” asked Isherwood. “In real estate?”Like it or not, Jews and homosexualists are in the same fragile boat, and one would have to be pretty obtuse not to see the common danger. But ob

53、tuseness is the name of the game among New Yorks new class. Harpers Magazine and Commentary usually publish these pieces, though other periodicals are not above printing the odd expose of the latest homosexual conspiracy to turn the United States over to the Soviet Union or to structuralism or to Ch

54、ristian Dior. Although the new classs thoughts are never much in themselves, and they themselves are no more than spear carriers in the political and cultural life of the West, their prejudices and superstitions do register in a subliminal way, making mephitic the air of Manhattan if not of the Repu

55、blic.Although the kindness of strangers is much sought after, gay liberation has not got much support from anyone. Natural allies like the Jews are often virulent in their attacks. Blacks in their ghettos, Chicanos in their barrios, and rednecks in their pulpits also have been influenced by the same

56、 tribal taboos. That Jews and blacks and Chicanos and rednecks all contribute to the ranks of the same-sexers only increases the madness.Herewith the burden of “The Boys on the Beach”: since homosexualists choose to be the way they are out of idle hatefulness, it has been a mistake to allow them to

57、come out of the closet to the extent that they have, but now that they are out (which most are not), they will have no choice but to face up to their essential hatefulness and abnormality and so be driven to kill themselves with promiscuity, drugs, and suicide. Not even the authors of “The Protocols

58、 of the Elders of Zion” ever suggested that the Jews, who were so hateful to them, were also hateful to themselves. So Decter has managed to go one step further than the Protocols authors; she is indeed a virtuoso of hate, and thus do pogroms begin.1.The author argues that a key difference between a

59、nti-Semitism and homophobia is（ ）.2.In the second paragraph, obtuseness is used to mean（ ）.3.The meaning we are meant to take from the conversation between Christopher Isherwood and the film producer is（ ）.4.The author believes that the arguments put forth in “The Boys on the Beach”（ ）.5.The author

60、argues that（ ）.问题1选项A.anti-semitism can be effectively stopped through the use of Hollywood moviesB.homophobia directly affects members of many different ethnic and religious groupsC.anti-semitism is a relic of the 19th centuryD.homophobia is primarily spread through written texts问题2选项A.being unwill

61、ing to understand or grasp new conceptsB.Jewish dislike of homosexualsC.mental or emotional disabilityD.deficit of understanding问题3选项A.that Jews have suffered worse than homosexualsB.that homosexuals and Jews both suffered terribly under the Nazi regimeC.that loss of human life maybe easily and mean

62、ingfully quantifiedD.that Hollywood produces films that meaningfully explores the Nazi murder of Jews and homosexuals alike问题4选项A.echo the themes of The Protocols of the Elders of ZionB.are similar to those arguments heard beforeC.may lead to an organized massacre of a specific groupD.can be meaning

63、fully interpreted through the lens of the Jewish experience in America问题5选项A.homosexuality and Judaism are necessarily mutually exclusive, but both are in dangerB.homosexuals and Jews share a common interest injusticeC.“The Boys on the Beach”, like “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” is a threat

64、to homosexualsD.identity groups that are frequently discriminated against should support each other【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。文中第一段说到“Although sexual preference is an even more powerful fact, it is not one that creates any particular social or cultural or religious bond between those so-minded.”尽管性偏好是一个更强大的事实，但它并不能在那些头脑简单的人之间建立起任何特定的社会、文化或宗教纽带。说明与反犹太主义不同的是，恐同症直接影响到许多不同种族和宗教团体的成员，B选项符合题意。第2题:2.词义题。由关键词定位到第二段第一句“Like it or not, Jews and homosexual