2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题58（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, ro

2、se almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandr

3、a Hofferth, who headed the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 2

4、2 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Un

5、structured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time watching television. But that, believe it

6、 or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whos got th

7、e time?1. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means _.2. According to the author: the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is _.3. According to the author a child develops better if _.4. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids_.5. W

8、e can infer from the passage that_.问题1选项A.children have little time to play with their parentsB.children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC.parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD.both parents and children have trouble managing their time问题2选项A.quite convincingB.part

9、ially trueC.totally groundlessD.rather confusing问题3选项A.he has plenty of time reading and studyingB.he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC.he has more time participating in school activitiesD.he is free to interact with his working parents问题4选项A.are engaged in more and more structured acti

10、vitiesB.are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC.are spending more and more time watching TVD.are involved less and less in household work问题5选项A.extracurricular activities promote childrens intelligenceB.most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC.efforts to get kids in

11、terested in reading have been fruitfulD.most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Children are affected by the same time crunch(危机) that affects their parents.（孩子们和他们的父母一样，也受到时间短缺的影响）。C选项“父母和孩子都因缺乏闲暇时间而受苦”，根据文章内容，

12、C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确。A选项“孩子们几乎没有时间和父母一起玩”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“孩子们没有得到工作的父母很好的照顾”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。D选项“父母和孩子都在管理他们的时间上有困难”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】作者意图题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第二段第一句Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents.（孩子们的影响同时紧缩（危机），影响他们的父母）。B选项“部分正确”，B选项符合句意。A选项“十分信服

13、”，作者并没有认为她给出的理由是十分信服的。C选项“完全没有事实根据”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“令人困惑的”，不符合题意，可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“他有大量的时间阅读和学习”，文中最后一段所说孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时，因此A可排除。B选项“他只能以自己的方式和同龄人玩游戏”，这里符合文章倒数第二段内容“自由玩耍鼓励孩子们独立思考，并允许他们与同龄人协商他们的关系”，因此可推测和同龄人玩耍会使孩子发展得更好，因此B选项正确。C选项“他有更多的时间参加学校活动”，参加学校活动，导致儿童的闲暇时间减少，因此不利于儿童发展，C选

14、项可排除。D选项“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所说由于父母上班，导致儿童与父母之间的交流减少，因此D选项可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第二句They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet.（她们也做更多的家务，参加更多的有组织的活动，如足球和芭蕾舞。）A选项“are engaged in more and more structured activi

15、ties”（正在参与越来越多的有组织的活动），符合文章所说的内容，儿童参加越来越多有组织的活动，因此A选项正确。B选项“越来越多的小孩被工作的母亲所忽视”，文章所说，只是两者之间交流时间减少，因此不符合题意，可排除B选项。C选项“花越来越多的时间看电视”，文章最后一段所说“孩子们把他们迅速减少的四分之一的空闲时间花在看电视上”，因此C不符合题意，可排除。D选项“家务活越来越少了”，文章第一段所说“她们也做更多的家务”，因此可排除D选项。因此A选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文。A选项“课外活动能提高孩子的智力”，符合文章倒数第二段，课外活动可以提高孩子的智力，因

16、此A选项正确。B选项“大多数孩子会在关掉电视的情况下看书”，文章最后一段所说“如果他们在电视机前花的时间减少了，孩子们也不会用阅读来代替”，B选项可排除。C选项“让孩子们对阅读感兴趣的努力取得了丰硕的成果”，文章最后一段所说“尽管努力让孩子们对书籍更感兴趣，孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“大多数家长认为读书对孩子有益”，文章没有提到这个内容，因此可排除D。因此A选项为正确答案。2. 单选题The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jack

17、son who swept to power in 1829 as the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party, Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The De

18、mocrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue b

19、y encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing: the domi

20、nance of urban centers; and the loss came with it.Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeopl

21、e and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The governments responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes

22、 toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in peoples lives. Despite Andrew Jacksons inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Governments role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and sp

23、ecial privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.The Whi

24、gs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity.

25、 Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor so

26、cial-reform legislation and aid to education.In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by ap

27、pealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs

28、 who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and pitifu

29、l economically.1. The author mentions “bankers and investors” in the passage as an example of which of the following?2. According to paragraph 2, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?3. A Democrat would be most likely to support g

30、overnment action in which of the following areas?4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about variations in political reliefs within the Whig Party?5. According to the last paragraph, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT_.问题1选项A.The Democratic Partys

31、 main source of support.B.The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich.C.The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic.D.One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jacksons presidency.问题2选项A.They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.B.They would cause

32、 disagreements between Whigs and Democrats.C.They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.D.They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.问题3选项A.Creating a state religion.B.Supporting humanitarian legislation.C.Destroying monopolies.D.Recommending particular moral beliefs.问题4选项A.

33、They were focused on issues of public liberty.B.They caused some members to leave the Whig party.C.They were unimportant to most Whigs.D.They reflected regional inter.问题5选项A.workers unhappy with the new industrial systemB.planters involve in international tradeC.rising entrepreneursD.individuals see

34、king to open the economy to newcomers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段倒数第三句Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.（民主党人宣称，这个由银行家和投资者组成的“纸币贵族”为了自己的利益操纵了银行系统，并通过鼓励投机和对突然的不劳而获的财富的渴望削弱了国家的美

35、德），B选项“民主党宣称的那些人正在不公平地变得富有”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“民主党的主要支持者”，在文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“人们对回归简单的农业共和国最感兴趣”，文章所说的是不牺牲简单的农业共和国的特征，因此C选项可排除。D选项“支持安德鲁杰克逊担任总统的团体之一”，文章并没有提到银行家和投资者是支持总统的团体，可排除C选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and ex

36、panding opportunity.（经济增长将通过提高国民收入和扩大机会而使每个人受益），可推测，社会将因此而进步。A选项“他们将促进整个社会的进步”符合题意，A选项正确。B选项“他们会引起辉格党和民主党之间的分歧”，造成辉格党和民主党的分歧在于对市场的态度，因此可排除B选项。C选项“他们将为辉格党成员提供新的职位”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们将防止农民和工人之间的冲突”，文章所说辉格党也没有设想农民和工人与商人和银行家之间的社会冲突，D选项可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“创立国教”，文章没有提到“创建国教”的内容，因此A选

37、项可排除。B选项“支持人道主义的立法”，文章所说“民主党认为宗教和政治应该明确分开，他们普遍反对人道主义立法”。因此B选项可排除。C选项“摧毁垄断”，文章最后一段所说“民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断”，因此C选项正确。D选项“推荐特定的道德信仰”，文章倒数第二段所说“民主党人也拒绝接受道德信仰是政府行为的适当范围的观点。”D选项可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段。A选项“他们关注的是公众自由问题”，文章没有提到辉格党是关注公众问题，可排除。B选项“他们导致一些成员离开辉格党

38、”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们对大多数辉格党来说并不重要”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“它们反映了区域间的相互关系”，文章提到辉格党还认为，政府权力应该用来促进国家的道德福利，因此可推测，这是辉格党内部政治救济的差异，D选项正确。因此D选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段第六句Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industri

39、al system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves.（民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断、像他们这样的新来者开放经济的新兴企业家）。B选项“种植者参与国际贸易”，文章没有提及到，可排除。A选项“工人们对新的工业体系不满”，文章所说，被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，A选项正确。C选项“不断上升的企业家”，文章所说想要打破垄断、开放市场的新兴企业家，因此C选项正确。D选项

40、“寻求向新来者开放经济的个人”，新兴企业家，也就是所说的个人经济者，D选项正确。因此B选项为正确答案。3. 单选题Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking

41、 of “salable skills.” What skills are salable? Right now, skills for making automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills in teaching are not now as salable as they were during the past 20 years, and the population charts indicate they may not be soon

42、again. Home construction skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. Whats more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the course very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes i

43、n the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.A Scho

44、ol that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lions den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedly salable ski

45、lls, and cant make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind

46、of job soon enough. Flexibility, an ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.1. From thi

47、s passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of _.2. The word “fluctuate” in the first paragraph most probably means _.3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?4. According to the author, in developing a curriculum schools shou

48、ld _.问题1选项A.teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job marketB.a flexible curriculum that changes with the timesC.a liberal educationD.keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market问题2选项A.remain steadyB.change in an irregular wayC.follow a set patternD.become

49、worse and worse问题3选项A.A person with the ability to learn by himselfB.A construction workerC.A car repairmanD.A person with quite a few salable skills问题4选项A.predict the salability of skills in the future job marketB.take the current job market into considerationC.consider what skill are salableD.focu

50、s on the ability to adapt to changes【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep sup

51、ply and demand in labor in perfect accord.（在一个人们可以自由学习他们想要的东西、在他们想要的地方工作、在他们想要的地方投资的社会里，我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致）可知作者没有特地支持哪一种教育，而是支持他们自由地学习。C选项“自由的教育”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“教授一些实用的技能，这些技能可以在当前的就业市场上得到销售”，作者在文中写到，不确定哪些技能值得推销，可排除A选项。B选项“随时代变化的灵活课程”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，文章提到并不能做到劳动力供求一致，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。2.

52、【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段Home construction skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates（随着就业市场的波动，住房建造技能的变化是销售能力变化的另一个例子）。选项B“不规则的变化”，文章所说，就业市场的波动，可以理解为不规则的变化，选项B正确。选项A“保持稳定”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项C“依照成法”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“日就衰败”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断

53、题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough（但如果这些技能很受欢迎，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，并能更好地适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没

54、有受骗。他们很快就会找到工作的）。由此句可推测，那些拥有自学能力的人，可以在高失业率下找到工作。A选项“有自学能力的人”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“建筑工人”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项排除。C选项“汽车修理工”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，一所完全致力于销售技能的学校，尤其是在高失业率的时候，就是把男女送进虎穴，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school

55、. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.（学会了如何学习的人可以在校外学习。那是我们大多数人学会做我们所做的事情的地方，而不是在学校。学会学习是最高的自由技能之一）。由此句可推测，要学会如何学习，关注适应变化的能力。D选项“关注适应变化的能力”，符合文章内容，因此D选项正确。A选项“预测技能在未来就业市场的销售能力”，销售能力只是有限的技能，A选项排除。B选项“把当前的就业市场也考

56、虑进去”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“考虑什么技能是可以销售的”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the succe

57、ssful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FM

58、R-the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci-is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue c

59、arrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.” He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a

60、 two-way cultural exchange what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising-and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine publishing history. Between November and Janu

61、ary, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Su

62、nday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamph

63、let. “We would like Italians.”Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled-and won on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-century tapestries,

64、 followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable.1. Naming his quest “Operation Columbus”, Ricci is confident that _.2. What is the main content of Riccis magazine FMR?3. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by _.问题1选项A.he will be as influential as ColumbusB.he will open up the American marketC.the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneersD.his magazine will be as memo