2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前模拟强化练习题41（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Their obsession with consumption.B.Their failure to accumulate wealth.C.The ever-increasing costs of housing.D.The deterioration of the environment.问题2选项A.Things that are rare to find.B.Thi

2、ngs that cost less money.C.Things that boost efficiency.D.Things that we cherish most.问题3选项A.They serve multiple purposes.B.They benefit the environment.C.They are mostly durable.D.They are easily disposable.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A【解析】Recording OneDid you know that Americans have approximately three tim

3、es the amount of space we have fifty years ago? Therefore, youd think wed have sufficient room for all of our possessions. On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. Weve got triple the space, but 16 weve become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more. Th

4、is phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidentally, our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.Im here to suggest an alternativethat having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us

5、 have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing

6、an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint because its designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff. Im really excited to live there.How can

7、we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. To stem consumption, we should think before we buy, and ask ourselves, “will it truly make me happier?” Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, 17 but we want belongings that were going to love f

8、or years. Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, 18 we need multifunctional spaces and housewares. I combined a movable wall with transfo

9、rming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tugged away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out the wall. For gas, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.Im not saying, we

10、 should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves, “could I do with a little life editing? Will that give me more freedom and more time?”16. What has prevented Americans happiness

11、 levels from increasing?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问是什么阻碍了美国人幸福水平的提高？录音提到，这一现象导致了大量的信用卡债务而且也许并非巧合的是，我们的幸福水平在过去的半个世纪里并没有提高。这一现象即上一句提到的：我们已经成为如此热情的消费者。A选项“他们（美国人）对消费的痴迷”是对原文weve become such enthusiastic consumers的同义转述，因此正确。B选项“他们没有积累财富”和C项“日益增长的住房成本”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“环境的恶化”，利用environment设置干扰，录音原文所说的是大量环境足迹而不是环境恶化，因此

12、D选项不正确。17. What things should we possess according to the speaker?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问根据说话者的说法，我们应该拥有哪些东西？录音中说话者提到：显然，我们应该拥有一些很棒的东西，但我们想要的是能让我们喜欢多年的东西。因此D选项“我们最珍惜的东西”正确。A选项“很难找到的东西”和B选项“花费较少的东西”在录音中并未提及；C选项“能提高效率的东西”，利用录音中的efficiency设置干扰，录音中只是提到我们需要空间效率，选项与原文表述不符，因此排除。18. What do we learn about the item

13、s in the speakers home?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问我们从说话者家里的物品中了解到什么？录音中提到说话人认为我们需要更多的空间以及多功能的家庭用品，接着讲述了自己家里的物品，他把活动墙和改造家具结合起来，让有限的空间得到更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多种用途，因此A选项正确。B选项“它们对环境有益”；C选项“它们大多是耐用的”；D选项“它们很容易被丢弃”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。2. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.She was uni

14、nterested in advertising.B.She found her outfit inappropriate.C.She was unhappy with fashion trends.D.She often checked herself in a mirror.问题2选项A.To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.B.To meet the expectations of fashion-conscious clients.C.To keep up with the current trends.D.

15、To save the expenses on clothing.问题3选项A.It enhances peoples ability to work independently.B.It helps people succeed in whatever they are doing.C.It matters a lot in jobs involving interaction with others.D.It boosts ones confidence when looking for employment.问题4选项A.Design their own uniform to appea

16、r unique.B.Wear classic pieces to impress their clients.C.Fight the ever-changing trends in fashion.D.Do whatever is possible to look smart.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】Passage TwoI work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends, mainly because Im aware that we live in an image-obsesse

17、d world. 12 However, when I first started my job, occasionally Id catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess. Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather t

18、han your work. 13 But no one can be unique with their outfit every day. I mean thats why uniforms were invented. So heres what I did. I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades. Now I never worry about what

19、Im wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself: will looking smarter enhance my ability to do my job? For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you work remotely and rar

20、ely see your colleagues or clients face to face. 14 But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes. So rather than fighting the system, 15 I think we should just do whatever helps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image,

21、 then lets face it. Its probably worth it.12. What do we learn about the speaker when she first started her job?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者刚开始工作的时候，我们可以了解到什么？录音开头提到，当说话者刚开始工作的时候，偶尔会在电梯里瞥一眼自己，发现自己看起来一团糟（I looked a total mess）。后面指出，之所以一团糟是因为服装的原因，因此B选项“她发现她的服装很不合适”正确。A选项“对广告不感兴趣”利用录音开头的“advertising”设置干扰，录音说的是

22、说话人从事的是广告业，并未提及她对广告业不感兴趣，因此排除；C选项“她对时尚潮流不满意”，录音开头说的是，说话者喜欢跟随当下的潮流，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她经常照镜子检查自己”在录音中并未提及，因此也可排除。13. Why were uniforms invented, according to the speaker?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问说话者谈及的制服被发明的原因。录音中提到，没有人可以每天穿着独一无二的衣服，这就是制服被发明的原因。A选项“为了省去每天选不同衣服的烦恼”与原文意思表述相符，因此正确。B选项“满足有时尚意识的客户的期望”和D选项“节省服装开支”在录音中均未提

23、及，因此排除；C选项“跟上当前的潮流”，利用录音开头的keep up with current trends设置干扰，但这并不是发明制服的原因，因此不正确。14. What does the speaker say about looking smarter?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是说话者关于“看起来更时尚”的看法。在录音后半部分，说话者提出一个问题，即看起来更时尚是否会提升我们的工作能力，接下来随即对此进行了回答，如果你的工作需要与其他人进行面对面交谈，则答案是肯定的，C选项“这在需要与他人接洽的工作中很重要”与原文意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“这能提高人们独立工作的能力”和D

24、选项“这能增强求职者的信心”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。B选项“这帮助人们在他们所做的任何事情上取得成功”说法过于绝对，不符合题意。15. What does the speaker advise people to do in an image-obsessed world?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问在这个看重外貌形象的世界里，说话者建议人们怎么做？录音结尾提到，说话者认为人们应该竭尽所能去做能实现工作目标的事情，包括谨慎塑造自己的形象，这都是值得的。D选项“做任何能（使我们的形象）看起来时尚的事情”与原文意思符合，因此正确。A选项“设计他们自己的制服，使其看起来独一无二”；B选

25、项“穿经典的衣服给客户留下深刻印象”和C选项“对抗不断变化的时尚潮流”均不正确，在原文找不到相关依据，因此排除。3. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.They are harmful to health.B.They enrich our experience.C.They are necessary in our lives.D.They should be done away with.问题2选项A.They are exhausted even without doin

26、g any heavy work.B.They feel too overwhelmed to deal with lifes problems.C.They are anxious to free themselves from lifes troubles.D.They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.问题3选项A.They lessen our burdens.B.They narrow our focus.C.They prolong our lives.D.They expand our mind.【答案】第

27、1题:C第2题:B第3题:D【解析】Recording OneLets say you start to brain storm a list of all the emotions you ever experienced. Just for fun, try it now.Whats on your list? Chances are, you included things like: happy, sad, excited, angry, afraid, grateful, proud, scared, confused, stressed, relaxed and amazed. N

28、ow sort your list into two categories: positive emotions and negative emotions.Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human. 16 We might use the word “negative” to describe more difficult emotions, but it doesnt mean those emotions are bad or we shouldnt have them. St

29、ill, most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one. Its likely you prefer to feel happy instead of sad or confident instead of insecure.What matters is how our emotions are balanced, how much of each type of the emotion, positive or negative, we experience.Negative em

30、otions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with. For example, fear can alert us to possible danger, its a signal that we might need to protect ourselves. Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes, crossing a boundary or violating our trust. Anger can be a sign

31、al that we might need to act on our own behalf.Negative emotions focus our awareness. They help us to zero in on a problem so we can deal with it. 17 But too many negative emotions can make us feel overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted or stressed out. When negative emotions are out of balance, problems m

32、ight seem too big to handle.The more we dwell on negative emotions, the more negative we begin to feel. Focusing on negativity just keeps it going.Positive emotions balance out negative ones, but they have other powerful benefits, too. 18 Instead of narrowing our focus, like negative emotions do, po

33、sitive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness, attention and memory. They help us take in more information, hold several ideas in mind at once and understand how different ideas relate to each other.When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities, we are more able to l

34、earn and build on our skills. That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.People who have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives tend to be happier, healthier, learn better and get along well with others.16. What does the speaker say about negative emotions?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于负面情绪，说话者说

35、了些什么？录音前面部分提到：我们可能会用“负面”一词来描述让人难受的情绪，但是这并不意味着这种情绪很糟糕或者我们不该有这种情绪。也就是说“它们（负面情绪）在我们的生活中是必要的”，C选项符合录音原文表述。A选项“它们对健康有害”和B选项“它们丰富我们的经验”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们应该被摒弃”恰好与录音表达的意思相反，因此不正确。17. What happens to people whose negative emotions are out of balance?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问负面情绪失衡的人会发生什么？录音在谈到负面情绪时提到，负面情绪会集中我们的意识，这样我们

36、就可以处理问题，但是出现过多的负面情绪会使我们不堪重负、焦虑、疲惫或压力过大。负面情绪一旦失去平衡，问题似乎变得太大而无法处理。因此B选项“他们感到不堪重负以致无法处理生活问题”与录音原文表述相符。A选项“即使不干重活，他们也筋疲力尽”；C选项“他们渴望摆脱生活的烦恼”和D选项“即使生活中没有任何挑战，他们还是感到紧张”在录音中均没有提及。18. How do positive emotions affect us?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问积极情绪是如何影响我们的？录音提到，（积极情绪）不像负面情绪那样会让我们缩小注意力的范围，积极情绪会影响我们的大脑，增强我们的意识、注意力和记忆力。

37、它们帮助我们获取更多的信息，同时记住一些想法，并了解不同的想法是如何相互关联的。因此D选项“它们扩展我们的思维”正确。A选项“它们减轻我们的负担”和C选项“它们延长我们的寿命”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“它们使我们集中注意力”是负面情绪的作用，因此不正确。4. 单选题When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces, the government （ ） additional men.问题1选项A.revisesB.suspendsC.conscriptsD.encourages【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。revise“

38、修订, 校订”;suspend“延缓, 推迟”;conscript“征召, 招兵”;encourage“鼓励, 激励”。句意:当没有足够的志愿者入伍时, 政府就会征兵。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题Frank （ ） all his strength, pushed past the players blocking him, and ran for a touchdown.问题1选项A.called onB.called downC.called upD.called for【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。call on “拜访；号召”；call down “引起；责骂”；call up

39、“给打电话；调用”；call for “去接（某人）；去取（某物）”。句意：弗兰克用尽全力推开阻碍者，越线得分。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.All respondents were afraid of making a high expense claim.B.A number of respondents gave an average answer of 400 miles.C.Over 10% of the respondents lied a

40、bout the distance they drove.D.Most of the respondents got compensated for driving 384 miles.问题2选项A.They responded to colleagues suspicion.B.They cared about other peoples claims.C.They wanted to protect their reputation.D.They endeavored to actually be honest.问题3选项A.They seem positive.B.They are in

41、tuitive.C.They are illustrative.D.They are conclusive.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B【解析】Recording TwoNow, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputationeven if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.Pi

42、cture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think youd claim in your expense report?The scientists asked this exact questio

43、n as part of the study were discussing today. With surprising results, 19 they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about their number of miles, even though they would forfeit m

44、oney they were owed.The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation a

45、nd how theyll be judged by others. If they care enough, they concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.The researchers assert that they find a new suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they antici

46、pate other peoples suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agreed there are two main types of lie, selfish liars and liars that are meant to benefit others. The first, as

47、 you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company; while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others, for example, telling a friend whose outfit you dont like that they look great.But the researchers are suggesting a third type of

48、lying: 20 lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isnt a whole new category of lie. 21 But the findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others, so it seems highly

49、likely that people will lie to seem honest.19. What did the team of scientist find in their study?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问科学家团队在他们的研究中发现了什么？录音中提到，他们（科学家们）发现12%的受访者报告的行驶距离比实际数字要少，给出的平均答案是384英里。换句话说，他们（受访者）在里程数上撒了谎。C选项“超过10%的受访者在开车的距离上撒了谎”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“所有的受访者都害怕提出高额的费用报销”表述过于绝对，录音中说的是12%的受访者，因此A选项不正确；B选项

50、“许多受访者给出的平均答案是400英里”表述不准确，这里只是12%的受访者，并不是很多受访者给出的答案；D选项“大多数受访者因驾驶384英里而获得赔偿”在文中没有提及，因此排除。20. Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问根据研究人员的说法，为什么人们会捏造对自己不利的行车里数？录音中提到研究人员解释说，很多人非常在意自己的声誉，以及别人会如何评价自己。因此C选项“他们想要保护自己的声誉”正确。A选项“他们对同事的怀疑作出回应

51、”和B选项“他们关心别人的要求”利用录音中的关键词进行干扰，实际与原文表述不符；D选项“他们努力做到真正的诚实”与录音中为了声誉撒谎的意思恰好相反，因此不正确。21. What does the speaker think of the researchers findings?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者对研究人员的发现有什么看法？说话者说这些发现似乎很直观 （seem intuitive），B选项“它们看起来很直观”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它们看起来是积极的”；C选项“它们是说明性的”和D选项“它们是结论性的”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。7. 单选题The dev

52、elopment of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively（ ）by the use of humor.问题1选项A.acquaintedB.installedC.regulatedD.facilitated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint “使熟悉”；install “安装”；regulate “调节”；facilitate “促进”。句意：幽默可以有效促进职场员工的凝聚力发展和团队合作意识。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Questions 1 to 4 ar

53、e based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.Traffic routes.B.A driving test.C.A video game.D.Cargo logistics.问题2选项A.He found it instructive and realistic.B.He introduced it to his brother last year.C.He was really drawn to its other versions.D.He bought it when touring Europe.问题3选项A.The k

54、ey role of the logistics industry.B.The details in the driving simulator.C.Driving from one city to another.D.Traveling all over the country.问题4选项A.Stricter traffic rules.B.More people driving safely.C.Clearer road signs.D.More self-driving trucks on the road.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B【解析】Conversation

55、 OneW: This is unbelievable! 1 Unlike any video game Ive ever played before, its so boring yet so relaxing at the same time. How did you hear about this driving simulator?M: My brother introduced it to me last year. 2 I was surprised to find how educational and realistic it was. Its called Euro Truc

56、k Simulator, but they have other versions as well for America and so on. I was really drawn to the scenery. The routes go through parts of the country you dont normally see as a tourist.W: Yeah, I can see that. It seemed so simple, just transporting cargo from point A to point B, driving from one ci

57、ty to another. 3 But I really appreciate all the details that go into the game. Its even given me a new appreciation for the logistics industry and traffic on the road.M: I completely agree. My brother also introduced me to some videos of someone that streamed their game online. It was fascinating t

58、o watch really. This guy drove very carefully, obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules. Such a contrast to most violent games!W: Honestly, playing has inspired me to look into the industry more. Ive read articles about how self-driving trucks may soon be available and could greatly impact cargo

59、logistics. Considering all that goes into driving these larger vehicles, its amazing that we could soon have that kind of technology.M: Ha, Ive gone one step further. I registered to take a safe-driving course to improve my real-life driving skills. In a way, I feel like I have a head start compared

60、 to other students in the class. Playing this video game has given me some maneuvering practices already.W: Im not sure how accurate the video game is compared to real-life situations. 4 But if it results in more drivers looking both ways before entering an intersection, Id say thats a positive outc

61、ome.1. Whatre the speakers mainly talking about?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是两位说话人正在谈论的主题。对话开头女士便说道：“这和我以前玩的任何一款电子游戏都不一样”（Unlike any video game Ive ever played before.），接下来的对话也都是围绕着一款电子游戏（video game）进行展开，因此C选项“电子游戏”正确。A选项“交通路线”和D选项“货物物流”只是与这款游戏的具体内容和设置有关，不是说话人谈论的主题；B选项“驾驶考试”也只是谈话中提到的部分内容，不是谈话主题，因此排除。2. What do

62、es the man say about the driving simulator?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于这款驾驶模拟游戏，男士说了什么？录音中男士提到他惊讶的发现这款游戏既有教育意义（educational），场景又逼真（realistic），A选项中的instructive“富有教育意义的”是对录音中educational的同义替换，而realistic是原词复现，因此A选项正确。B选项“去年他把它（这款游戏）介绍给了他的兄弟”与录音表述恰好相反，应该是男士的兄弟将这款游戏介绍给了他，因此B选项不正确；C选项“他真的被其他版本吸引住了”主要是利用other versions

63、设置干扰，选择主要是错在“drawn（吸引）”一词，这一信息录音并没有提及，因此C选项排除；D选项“这是他在欧洲旅行时买的”在录音中没有提及，因此也可排除。3. What does the woman say she really appreciates?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士说她真正欣赏这款游戏的哪一点？录音中女士明确表示，她真的很喜欢这款游戏中的所有细节，因此B选项“驾驶模拟游戏中的细节”正确。A选项“物流业的关键作用”，录音中只是提及这款游戏让女士对物流业和道路交通有了全新的认识，并不是女士真正欣赏的地方，因此A选项与题干不符；C选项“从一个城市开车到另一个城市”是女士对游戏内容的描述，与题干不符；D选项“游遍全国”在录音中没有信息表明，因此排除。4. What outcome does the woman expect from the driving simulator?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士期望这款模拟驾驶游戏能带来什么样的结果？对话最后，女士说：“如果这款游戏能让更多的司机在进入十字路口时多往