考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷8（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题I didnt sent out my application form last week, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.had toB.should haveC.would doD.might have to【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我上周没有发申请表格，但是我本来应该发的。选项C符合题意。2.单选题The New Testament was not only written in the Greek langua

2、ge, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were （ ） in many parts of it.问题1选项A.criticizedB.incorporatedC.summonedD.translated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。criticize “批评”；incorporate “包含；合并”；summon “召唤，召集”；translate “翻译，转化”。句意：新约不仅是用希腊文写的，而且它其中许多部分吸收了源于希腊哲学的思想。选项B符合题意。3.单选题After four years in the same job his e

3、nthusiasm finally（ ） .问题1选项A.deterioratedB.dissipatedC.dispersedD.drained【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate “恶化”；dissipate “浪费”；disperse “分散”；drain“排水；耗尽”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。4.单选题First we should exclude all facts and observations that are not （ ） to the investigation in question.问题1选项A.e

4、quivalentB.relevantC.similarD.inferior【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “相等的”；relevant “相关的”；similar “相似的”；inferior “下等的”。句意：首先，我们应该排除所有与当下调查无关的事实和意见。选项B符合题意。5.单选题There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situat

5、ions vacant”，although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”，although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”，or “Make use of our long experienc

6、e in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”，is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or jo

7、b history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”，was about the average level of advice offered to young people a

8、pplying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your

9、eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the p

10、erson you are looking for”，was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff

11、 that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.1.According to the passage, the new type of advertisements（ ） .2.Now a demand for this type of service has been created because（ ） .3.In the past it was expected that first job hunters would （ ）.4.When applying for more important jobs,

12、one had better include in the letter（ ） .5.The resume has become so important because （ ）.问题1选项A.informs job hunters of the chances availableB.promises useful advice to job-huntersC.divides available jobs into various typesD.informs employers that people are available for work问题2选项A.there is a lack

13、of jobs available for artistic peopleB.there are so many top-level jobs availableC.there are so many people out of workD.the job history is considered to be a work of art问题3选项A.write an initial letter giving their life historyB.pass some exams before applying for a jobC.have no qualifications other

14、than being able to read and writeD.keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview问题4选项A.something attractive in ones applicationB.a personal opinion about the organization one wanted to joinC.something that would offend its readerD.a lie that one could easily get away with telling问题5

15、选项A.of an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB.of an increase in the number of applicants which degreesC.of much more complicatedness of jobs todayD.it is less complicated than other application processes【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.文章第二段第一句contact us before writing your application”，or

16、“make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history提到这个广告的内容是“在写求职信之前联系我们” “我们的经验能够帮你更好地准备你的简历”可知这个广告主要是给那些求职者服务，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment提到了这

17、种服务存在的原因是由于现在的高失业率。所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第三段the letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview 提到对于刚毕业出来找第一份工作求职来说求职信只是第一句，信中除了一些基本信息不需要透露太多，剩下的等获得面试资格再说。选项D符合题意。4.第四段前两句later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticate

18、d was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest提到当你要去找更重要的工作时，求职信中需要写上一些你与其他人相比有何独到之处。选项A符合题意。5.最后一段提到越来越多的大学生求职者使得个人简历显得很重要，所以选项B符合题意。6.单选题Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron

19、and steel protected by custom tariff. In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson steel Mills pear Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie Empire was one of constant expa

20、nsion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products.Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not

21、abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class. In spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibili

22、ty of the man of wealth to society. He must save as a steward for the fortune; he has earned and used that fortune to provide great opportunity for all and to increase mans knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress

23、 to the communitys responsibility for its own people. When Carnegie died in Lenox, Mass, on August 11, 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people.1.Carnegie was able to develo

24、p his vast industrial fortunes（ ） .2.Carnegie following his ancestors footsteps （ ）.3.The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was（ ） .4.Carnegies trips to England（ ） .5.Which happened first?6.Andrew Carnegies Philanthropic ideals （ ）.问题1选项A.with the act of five enterprise systemB.through large

25、loans from the American governmentC.because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industryD.because he had relatives in the English and industry问题2选项A.by developing a large industrial companyB.in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the po

26、orC.by furthering Spencers philosophyD.by being a follower of social Darwinism问题3选项A.the manufacturing of steelB.the transporting of the finished productC.the movement of raw materialsD.the lumber business问题4选项A.were purely for pleasure and visiting relativesB.introduced him to the Charitist ideals

27、which would influence his lifeC.helped him gain steel contracts with British industrialistsD.led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel问题5选项A.The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.B.The introduction of Chartist idealsC.The foundation of the J. Edgar Thomson Steel millsD.Andr

28、ew Carnegies trips to Great Britain问题6选项A.developed from his introduction to social DarwinismB.developed through his education under SpencerC.developed form the Charitist ideals of his boyhoodD.resulted from union strikes and unrest at the Carnegie Steel Company【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B【解析】

29、1.文章第一段第一句Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff.提到安德鲁的第一桶金是因为钢铁产业受到政府的关税保护，所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit o

30、f the working class提到安德鲁没有摈弃祖先留下激进的理想主义信念，梦想让工人阶级能从中获利。因此选项B符合题意。3.第一段最后一句It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products 提到了卡内基帝国所涉及的一些业务，可知并没有涉及木材生意。所以选项D符合题意。4.文章第

31、一段on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel 提到这次旅行让他相信未来的工业重心是钢铁业，因此选项D符合题意。5.文章第二段Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood 提到致力于成为慈善家的想法是卡内基从小男孩时代就有的，所以这个是发生地最早的事，选项B符合题意。6.文章第

32、二段in spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood提到由于从小受斯宾塞哲学和达尔文主义的影响，卡内基从小就有着仁慈的心肠。选项B符合题意。7.单选题The missile missed the （ ） by 1,500 meters at its first experimental flig

33、ht.问题1选项A.destinationB.purposeC.targetD.terminal【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Destination “目的地”；target “目标”；purpose “目的”；terminal “末端，重点”。句意：在第一次试射中，导弹偏离目标1500米。选项C符合题意。8.单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be

34、found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only soli

35、d piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th

36、century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlittle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we ei

37、ther pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad

38、being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there oug

39、ht to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another ma

40、tter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which of the following statements

41、is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the authors attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ）问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.wil

42、l bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understa

43、nding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed because o

44、f the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.问题5选项A.man can find solutions to whatever questions co

45、ncerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第1题:B第

46、2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能被预测，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告诉18世纪

47、启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶。由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意。3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事来填补空白。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到我们迟早会

48、解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。可以看出作者是非常有信心的。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到会有一些问题我们想不到，

49、但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到的问题，选项A符合题意。9.单选题We （ ）Edisons success to his intelligence and hard work.问题1选项A.subjectB.attributeC.oweD.refer【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。subject to “使服从”；attribute to “把归因于”；owe to “归功于”；refer to “参考，涉及”。句意：我们把爱迪生的成功归因于他的聪明和努力。选项B符合题意。10.单选题“There is a sens

50、eless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. “There is a major shift in the middle class,” declares sociologist A

51、llan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight mouths.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce

52、 rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young peop

53、le find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Kinghton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It make sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing the family

54、 home requires adjustments for all. They are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times-and left three times. “What I considered a social drin

55、k, my dad considered an alcohol Problem,” she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so either had to hide away or meet them at friends9 house.”Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children struggl

56、ing to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom themselves stuck responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.1.According to the author,

57、there was once a trend in the U.S.（ ） .2.Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest（ ） .3.One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is that（ ）4. The word “hassles” in the passage （Para 3. Line 4） probably means（ ） .5. According

58、to the passage what is the best for both parents and children?问题1选项A.for young adults to leave their parents can live independentlyB.for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC.for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD.for young adults to get jobs nearby in or

59、der to live with their parents.问题2选项A.Young adults find housing costs too highB.Young adults are psychologically and intellectually immatureC.Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.D.Quite a number of young adults attend local schools问题3选项A.there will inevitably be inconveniences in ev

60、eryday lifeB.most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC.the young adults tend to the overprotected by their parentsD.public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents问题4选项A.agreementsB.worriesC.disadvantagesD.quarrels问题5选项A.They should adjust themselves to sharing

61、the family expense.B.Children should leave their parents when they are grown up.C.Adult children should visit their parents from time to time.D.Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一种错误的观点：孩子到了18岁就应该离家独立；有社会学家称中产阶级中这一观念有着重大

62、的转变。由此可知，在以前的美国社会中，大多数成年的子女都会离开家庭独立生活，所以选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段提及年轻成年人返回家的原因：结婚年龄上升；离婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及经济压力大的人重新寻求父母的庇护；去离家远的大学上学花费大，所以很多人都选择当地的大学。选项A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段提到年轻人与父母居住会造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手间，电话和隐私的争议等等，选项A符合题意。4.hassles所在的句子：There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy.由前后问可知，这里讲述的是年轻人与父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，所以hassles在这里有 “争论，争吵”的意思，比如关于洗手间、电话和隐私的争执。选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一段指出大多数心理学家认为成年子女与父母一起生活对双方都不好：子女本来想自我独立，却被挫败；父母本应该享受经济和个人自由，却又被责任束缚。选项C符合题意。