考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷17（附带答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷17（附带答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷17（附带答案详解）（9页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题We have a team of professional consultants who will partner with our clients to develop （ ）training courses.问题1选项A.regularizedB.unifiedC.specifiedD.customized【答案】D【解析】句意:我们有一个专业的顾问团队,其将与我们的客户合作开发定制的培训课程。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过

2、去分词形式。Regularized 使有规则( regularize的过去式和过去分词), 使有秩序, 调整; unified 使联合( unify的过去式和过去分词 ),使相同,使一致; specified 指定( specify的过去式和过去分词),详述;提出的条件; customized定制,定做( customize的过去式和过去分词 )。故D符合句意。2.单选题A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its app

3、earance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditio

4、ns were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers efforts were part of the national movement for labor refor

5、m.In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses

6、were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packing-houses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked.Th

7、e history may be too optimistic because most of its data from the 1880s and the information provided from that decade are insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880s and continued to decline after the 1880s, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx o

8、f unskilled workers. The deterioration in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled wo

9、rkers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industrys workers from the 1880s on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process (though worker compla

10、ints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The authors misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations.The pride and contentmen

11、t the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers the giant yards and the intricate plants - than of the unity and vibrancy(活跃)of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicagos South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeed

12、ed in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing（ ）.2.The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative conditions in the meat-packing industry E

13、XCEPT（ ）.3.The author of the passage mentions the “social movement” (in the last paragraph) generated by Chicagos South Side community primarily in order to（ ）.4.According to the passage, the working conditions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry during the 1880s were influenced by（ ）.5.

14、 The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to（ ）.问题1选项A.how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryB.why it is difficult to determine the actual nature of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryC.why a particular account of

15、 the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry is inaccurateD.what ought to be included in any account of the Chicago meat-packers role in the national labor movement问题2选项A.data from the University of ChicagoB.social workersC.a recent history of the meat-packing industryD.historical sources fo

16、r the late nineteenth century问题3选项A.inform the reader of events that occurred in the meat-packing industry after the period of time covered by the historyB.introduce a new issue designed to elaborate on the good relationship between the meat-packers and Chicagos ethnic communitiesC.salvage the histo

17、rys point of view by suggesting that there were positive developments in the meat-packing industry due to worker unityD.suggest the historys limitations by pointing out a situation that the history failed to explain adequately问题4选项A.the workers determined complaints about the rate and conditions of

18、their workB.the efforts of social workers to improve sanitation in the packing-housesC.the workers ability to perform the industrys complex tasksD.improvements in the industrys packing process that occurred in the 1880s问题5选项A.summarize the main point of the history discussed in the passageB.explain

19、why the history discussed in the passage has been disparaged by criticsC.evaluate the findings of recent studies that undermine the premises of the history discussed in the passageD.present evidence that is intended to refute the argument of the history discussed in the passage【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题

20、:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出: The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform (这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工 历史上重要时期的事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运动的一部分)以及第三段指出:The authors misinterpreta

21、tion of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations (作者对肉类加工商对其工业区的感受的起源的误解，可能是历史错误概括的原因)。因此该文章主要讨论“为何有关芝加哥肉类加工业情况的叙述是错误的”。2.细节事实题。题干问:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉类包装行业负面状况的内容，除了。A:来自芝加哥大学的资料,第二段指出: Additional data from the

22、University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work(来自芝加哥大学的附加资料表明肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社会工作者, 由第二段中 “while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked(与此同吋，社会工作者发现大多数工人收入非常差且工作过度)”可知B正确。C:肉类加工业的近代史, 第一段指出: Meat-packers, the

23、author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的 原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦),因此C项错误。D:第二段指出:In fact, other h

24、istorical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死率),由此可知D正确。因此本题选C。3.判断推理题。第一段指出: The wo

25、rk ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers5 efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform (这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要吋期的这个事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运 动的一部分),故选D“通过指出这段历史记录未能适当地解释的一种情况表现这段历史记录的局限性”。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: While

26、conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process （though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent）, pay and conditions for the latter were wretched (虽然前者（即有技

27、能的肉类加工工人）的状况因其在复杂的屠宰、切割和包装步骤中的关键重要性可能是可容忍的（尽管工人经常抱怨工作的速度和条件），但是后者的（即没有技能的肉类加工工人）的收入和状况却是无法容忍的),因此C项“这些工人去履行这个行业复杂工作的能力”正确。5.判断推理题。第一段首先指出近代史的作者辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦。第二段说: In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating

28、housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work (事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿

29、死亡率。来自芝加哥大学的附加资料暗示肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),由此看出第二段是对第一段内容的反驳。故选D“提出证据来反驳文中讨论的这段历史记录的论据”。3.单选题I am surprised（ ）this city is a dull place to live in.问题1选项A.that you should thinkB.by what you are thinkingC.that you would thinkD.with what you were thinking【答案】A【解析】句意:你竟然认为这座城市生活起来无趣，这让我感到意外。语法题。考查宾语从句。“what you

30、are thinking” 或 “what you were thinking”后面不能接“this city is a dull place to live in”,故排除。Should本身有“竟然,竟会”的意思,因此选A。4.单选题The device can（ ）different measurements by electronics means.问题1选项A.imitateB.copyC.mockD.fake【答案】A【解析】句意:这个设备能通过电子手段来模拟不同的尺寸。考查动词辨析。Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的讲话、举止); copy 复制,抄袭;mock 愚弄,嘲弄;f

31、ake 捏造,假装的样子。故A符合句意。5.单选题Many people nowadays save money to（ ）.问题1选项A.caterB.supplyC.provideD.equip【答案】C【解析】句意:如今很多人攒钱为自己的老年做准备。考查动词辨析。cater for 迎合，供应伙食；为提供所需; supply for为提供；provide for 供给，规定，为做准备；equip for 为装备，提供。因此C符合句意。6.单选题The tone of the article（ ）the writers mood at the time.问题1选项A.reproducedB

32、.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated【答案】B【解析】句意:这篇文章的语气反映了这位作者当时的情绪。、考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。reproduce 复制，再生，生殖；reflect 反映，反射；imagine 想像，猜想，臆断；imitate 模仿，仿造。空格处动词的宾语为the writers mood (作者的情绪),因此B符合句意。7.单选题The（ ）from Africas booming oil sales rarely reaches the people who live where the oil is produced.问题1选项A

33、.currencyB.revenueC.tariffD.exchange【答案】B【解析】句意:非洲蓬勃发展的石油销售收入很少到达在石油生产地生活的人的手中。考查名词辨析。Currency通货,货币,通用,流行; revenue财政收入,税收收入,收益; tariff关税,(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表; exchange交流,兑换。因此B符合句意。8.单选题Many functions available from modern software are quite（ ）and have a number of options.问题1选项A.flexibleB.sustainabl

34、eC.accessibleD.applicable【答案】A【解析】句意:现代软件提供的许多功能非常灵活且有多种选择。考查形容词辨析。Flexible能适应新情况的,灵活的,可变动的,柔韧的;sustainable,足可支撑的, 养得起的,可持续的,;accessible ,易接近的,可进入的,可理解的,;applicable ,可适用的,可应用的。根据and后面的关键信息“have a number of options (有多种选择)”可知A符合句意。9.单选题The government（ ）the diplomatic note from Japan for its unclear a

35、ttitude to the trade between two countries.问题1选项A.deniedB.refusedC.rejectedD.objected【答案】C【解析】句意:因日本在两国间的贸易问题上态度不明确，该政府拒绝了日本的外交照会。考查动词辨析。deny 否认，否定；refuse 拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，是普通用语；reject 拒绝接受，不予考虑；object 反对，不赞成，与介词to搭配。故选C。10.单选题In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. B

36、ut in many other cultures children are expected to care（1）their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who（2） with their parents（3）65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live（4）.What explains these

37、 differences in living arrangements（5）cultures? Modernization theory（6） the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to ur

38、ban areas, leaving old people（7）in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,（9）a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic devel

39、opment alone cannot explain（10）living arrangements.Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance（11） . （12）this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then（13）their p

40、roperty when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought（15） by industrialization and urbanization, have（16）the（17）. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did

41、a figure that is still high（18）U.S. standards, but which has been（19）steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are（20）: the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to

42、live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.问题1选项A.aboutB.afterC.forD.over问题2选项A.resideB.reciteC.redeemD.rebel问题3选项A.amassesB.amountsC.attainsD.reaches问题4选项A.loneB.aloneC.lonesomeD.lonely问题5选项A.overB.acrossC.withinD.above问题6选项A.associatedB.linke

43、dC.unitedD.combined问题7选项A.asideB.afterC.overD.behind问题8选项A.isolatedB.segregatedC.idealizedD.secluded问题9选项A.maintainB.promoteC.reserveD.support问题10选项A.appointedB.assignedC.preservedD.preferred问题11选项A.controlsB.overtakesC.predominatesD.overwhelms问题12选项A.atB.underC.byD.over问题13选项A.deliversB.conveysC.co

44、nceivesD.inherits问题14选项A.as well asB.might as wellC.as wellD.well as问题15选项A.offB.upC.aroundD.about问题16选项A.underminedB.decreasedC.diminishedD.defeated问题17选项A.authorityB.usageC.habitD.tradition问题18选项A.byB.onC.withD.in问题19选项A.incliningB.recliningC.decliningD.reducing问题20选项A.recedingB.removingC.invading

45、D.eroding【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:A第15题:D第16题:A第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.固定搭配。Care about 担心,关心;care for 照顾；没有care after 和care over这样的搭配。2.动词辨析。Reside 居住在,定居于; recite背诵,叙述；redeem 赎回,挽回；rebel 反叛,反抗。此处表示“与住在一起”,故选A。3.动词辨析。amass 积聚，积累；amount 总计，合计

46、；相当于，共计，amount to 相当于，总共达到;attain （通过努力）获得，达到（目的）；reach 达到，影响，抵达，伸出；由空格后“65 to 70 percent (65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。4.形容词辨析。lone（adj.）单身的，独自的，寂寞的；alone （adj.）独自的，单独的，孤独的；（adv.）独自地，单独地；lonesome 寂寞的，人迹稀少的；lonely 寂寞的，偏僻的。空格前为动词live(生活),因此空格处应为副词。故选B。5.固定搭配。across culture 跨文化的。其余选项为: over 越过，在之上；within 在之内；abov

47、e 超过，在上面。6.短语辨析。associate 联想，使联合，使发生联系，常与介词with搭配，associate with 联合；与联系在一起，和来往；link 连接起来，将人或物连接或联系起来，常与介词to搭配，link to 链接到，把和联系起来;unite 使混合，使联合，使团结，常与with搭配。unite with 联合，混合；combine 使化合，使联合，使结合，常与with搭配，combine with 与结合。题目中空格处与后面介词to搭配,因此选B。7.短语辨析。由空格前句意“但是由于现代化,子女搬到城市地区”可知这里表示“从而将老年人留在了农村”。Leave beh

48、ind 留下。其余选项构成的搭配为:leave aside 搁置,不考虑;leave after 无此搭配;leave over 推迟,延期。8.形容词辨析。isolated 孤立的,分离的,单独的；segregated 被隔离的（常用于种族隔离）；idealized 理想化的；secluded 隐蔽的,隐退的,隐居的。此处句意为:但是由于现代化，子女搬到城市地区,将老人留在了孤立的农村。因此A符合句意。、9.动词辨析。maintain 维持,维修,主张;promote 促进,推销,发扬;reserve储备,保留,预约;support支持,支撑,赡养。此处句意为:或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家

49、庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此A符合句意。10.形容词辨析。appointed 约定的,指定的;assigned 指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred 更可取的,更喜欢的。此空前一句句意为: 或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此此处表示 “显然,单靠经济发展不能解释更喜欢的生活安排”。故D符合句意。11.动词辨析。四个选项均是对应动词的三单形式。control 控制,管理;overtake 赶上,突然来袭;predominate 占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm 淹没,压倒,受打击。根据后面句子中的“The

50、stem family system was once common in Japan(这种继承式的家庭体系曾经在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。12.固定搭配。under this system 在这个体系下。13.动词辨析。这里表示“继承遗产”。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Deliver 交付,发表,递送;convey 传达,运输;conceive 构思,以为;inherit 继承。故选D。14.固定搭配。由全格前“changes in inheritance laws继承法的变化”与全格后“broader social changes更广泛的社会变化”的对应知这里指代“更广泛的社会变

51、化也”,故选A。15.短语辨析。这里指代 “工业化和城镇化所带来的更广泛的社会变化”, bring about 带来。其他选项分别为: bring off 完成,救出;bring up提出,养育,呕出,（船等）停下;bring around 使信服;使转向,使复原。16.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。undermine破坏，渐渐破坏;decrease 减少,减小;diminish 使减少,使变小;defeat 战胜,挫败。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起

52、,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故A符合句意。17.名词辨析。authority 权威,权力;usage 使用,用法;habit 习惯,习性;tradition 惯例,传统。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故D符合句意。18.固定搭配。by standard 按标准。19.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。incline 倾斜,倾向,易于;recline 靠,依赖;decline 减少,下降,衰落;reduce削减,缩减。由空格后句子句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知C符合句意。20.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。recede撤回,减弱;remove 移动,迁移,删除;invade 侵略,侵扰,涌入;erode 腐蚀,损害,削弱。由空格后句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知这里表示 “传统的生活安排正受到损害”。故D符合句意。