2020版高考英语大一轮复习 课时达标25 Unit 5 First aid（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、课时达标(二十五) Unit 5 First aid建议时间/100分钟(见学用课时P57)阅读提速练 阅读理解A课标话题人与社会科技发展与信息技术创新体裁应用文词数 257难度 Notice: Medical Alert(警报)Dear Readers，Medical related emergencies are on the rise with more old people living alone. More seniors are looking for an independent lifestyle and better quality of life. More than 1

2、 in 3 people over the age of 64 will fall this year. Nearly half will not be able to get up without support.Medical fees can increase when a person is not given timely support. You can prevent a medical disaster with our 24hour emergency response system. Our solution is highly suggested by doctors,

3、healthcare professionals and hospitals.We are offering a FREE Medical Alert System to seniors or their loved ones who call now. For a limited time, there will be no setup fees and the medical monitoring starts at less than $1 a day. The system is easy to use. The necklace pendant(饰坠) can travel with

4、 you. Our new system can detect falls automatically.Call TollFree 18003600405 and gain peace of mind. Theres no longterm contract. Our medical alert professionals can walk you through everything over the phone.The first 100 callers to order will receive：The Free Medical Alert System ($300 value)24 H

5、ours a Day/7 Days a Week LIVE Monitoring and Support.The Free Necklace Pendant.No longterm Contract.Free shipping (Mention Readers Digest)Dont wait until after a fall to give us a call. Take advantage of this special offer now to protect yourself or a loved one.Call now TollFree 18002310167 and ment

6、ion Readers Digest.Sincerely，Jim Nelson语篇导读本文介绍了一款可预警独居老人摔倒的医疗警报系统。1Why are there an increasing number of medical related emergencies?AOld peoples quality of life is down at present.BThe old are not paying attention to their health.CThe overall health of the old is worse than before.DMany old people

7、 have no one to keep them company.解析 D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，独居老人的增多使得与医疗相关的紧急情况增多，即老人缺少陪伴者是这种现象的原因，故选D项。2Whats the main advantage of the system mentioned in the text?APreventing falls.BServing as an alarm.CReplacing doctors.DImproving health and mind.解析 B推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段最后一句可知，这种系统可以自动探测到老人摔倒，主要起警报作用，故选B项

8、。3What benefit can the first 100 callers to order get?ABuy the system at $300.BGet a copy of Readers Digest.CHave a pendant at a discount.DGet allday monitoring and help.解析 D细节理解题。 根据文章中前100名打电话购买者可得到的好处中的第二条可知，他们可以得到全天候的监控和帮助，故选D项。B课标话题人与自然自然环境保护体裁说明文词数 340难度 (2019福建三明统测)From the loss of wildlife t

9、o rising sea levels, were all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause. But while it may seem like such issues wont affect most of us directly, it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate.According to an essay pub

10、lished by the US. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacaothe plant from which chocolate is producedmay mean that it will soon become extinct.Most of the worlds cacao grows in countries close to the equator, with over half of it growin

11、g in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast. Its predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there. The problem doesnt lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity(湿

12、度), as its believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.“In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants，its unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture(水分) loss，” Michon Scott, the essays author, wrote.To help fi

13、ght this problem，researchers from UC Berkeley in the US. are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to US. News. In the meantime, the US. company Mars, one of the worlds biggest manufacturers of chocolate p

14、roducts, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.“This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together，” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent

15、 some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if were unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past.语篇导读由于气候变化，为巧克力提供原料的可可树未来可能会灭绝，这可能将导致巧克力成为历史。各方正在努力采取措施，试图拯救可可树。4What could make it hard for cacao plants to survive around the equator in the future?AThe increased heat there.BThe higher humi

16、dity there.CThe decrease in rainfall there.DThe moisture loss in the soil and plants there.解析 D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段可知，赤道附近的可可树未来很难存活的原因在于气温的升高导致土壤和植物中的水分流失，故选D项。5.What does the underlined word “offset” in the fourth paragraph mean?AHold back. BMake up for.CProtect. DAccept.解析 B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的In othe

17、r words可知，本句是对第三段最后一句的解释说明，应与其含义相近。由此可知，此处应表示，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，而降雨量不太可能增加到足以弥补流失的水分，据此可推断，offset意为“弥补”，故选B项。6What will the US. company Mars do to help cacao survive?AIt will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.BIt will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.CIt will give financial suppo

18、rt to help fight climate change.DIt will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.解析 C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，美国Mars公司将为减轻气候变化带来的影响投入10亿美元，即为应对气候变化提供资金援助，故选C项。7What may be the best title of this text?AChocolate Could Become HistoryBWork Together to Fight Climate ChangeCHow Do We Grow Cacao in

19、the Future?DHow Do Cacao Plants Affect Climate Change?解析 A主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段最后一句可知，巧克力可能会成为历史，故选A项。C课标话题人与社会社会热点问题体裁议论文词数 327难度 The 45yearold was walking off Bostons Orange Line train at Massachusetts Avenue around 5：30 pm. on Friday when she lost her footing and threw herself down the gap, giving

20、her a deep cut that went right down to the bone. Her fellow passengers helped push the train to the side and free her, but even as she thanked them, shaking and weeping for the pain, she begged them not to call an ambulance because it cost too much. “Do you know how much an ambulance costs？” she sai

21、d. “Its $3,000. I cant afford that.”The womans heartbreaking requests have caused again the debate over health care in the US., with many describing it as “barbaric” that someone should be forced to choose between life and debt.“It is absolutely shameful that someone has to worry about the cost of a

22、n ambulance in a situation like that. My thoughts are with her，” said the Twitter user Yalina. Another wrote：“We need universal health care badly. An accident shouldnt force you to choose between a heavy debt and permanent injury/death.”Actually, Americans spend more money on health care than any ot

23、her people, and health care spending rocketed by $900 billion between 1996 and 2013. By 2013, total health care spending hit $2.1 trillion. The researchers say that figure has now likely risen to more than $3.2 trillion, which equals 18 percent of the countrys economy. But while the spending increas

24、ed, Americans life expectancy has remained shortwith an average of 79 years old, compared to the global average of 83 years old.The tweet(推特) that started the debate came from The Boston Globe reporter Maria Cramer who was on the platform when the woman got her leg trapped. The tweet has been shared

25、 and liked tens of thousands of times. Meanwhile, the victim who has not been named, was eventually taken to the Boston Medical Center, where she would need surgery.语篇导读一位女士即使身受重伤也不愿意叫救护车的事件再次引发了美国民众对政府医疗服务的热议。8Which of the following best explains “barbaric” underlined in Paragraph 2?ACruel. BPainfu

26、l.CUnwise. DHeartbreaking.解析 A词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，有人不得不在生命和债务之间作出选择，这是残忍的事，故选A项。9According to Paragraph 3, what is debated hotly?AConcerns over the accident.BInappropriate behavior in the media.CDissatisfaction with US. health care.DAnger at the poor ambulance service.解析 C推理判断题。第三段描述了美国民众在媒体上对此事的评论，表达了对

27、美国医疗服务的不满，故选C项。10What do we know about US. health care?AHigh health care spending has its intended effect.BAmericans life expectancy is below the global average.CThe government has cut down on health care spending.DMore health care spending increases life expectancy greatly.解析 B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，美国民

28、众的预期寿命低于世界平均水平，故选B项。11What is the best title for the text?AI Cant Afford ThatBAn Accident Caused a RevolutionCUS Health Care Spending Is RocketingDA Passenger Got Caught解析 A标题归纳题。本文由一名女士因负担不起医疗费用而乞求不要叫救护车这一事件引入话题，这一事件再次激起了美国民众对医疗服务的热议。A项既是该女士的原话，也是引发热议的根源所在，故选A项。D课标话题人与社会不同民族文化习俗体裁说明文词数 281难度 (2019南

29、宁二中摸底)The hit movie Notting Hill(诺丁山)begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “Im so sorry. Im so sorry.”His actions in this scene are very British.If Roberts character were from Britain, then sh

30、e would probably apologize repeatedly as welleven if the crash were not her fault.But this doesnt happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the US.A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the streetregardless of whether they are

31、 responsible or not.In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying, “No. I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete over who is the most sorry. Why are Bri

32、tons so sorry? Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the UK., thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in British class system.“We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class.”

33、Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts.For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry.To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry！”True manners are about being considerate, and todays constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were.T

34、he word “sorry” has lost some of its original meanings.Do you see my point? Sorry.It might just be a British thing.语篇导读本文用电影诺丁山里的一个场景引出话题英国人爱说“sorry”，分析了产生这种现象的原因。12Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning?ATo give an example of British modesty.BTo introduce dif

35、ferent ways of saying sorry.CTo show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the UK.DTo draw our attention and lead to the topic.解析 D写作意图题。一般来说，文章开头的故事用来引起读者的兴趣，导入主题，再结合下文内容可知，此处也符合这一写作手法，故选D项。13Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrell agree with?APeople should not apologize if they

36、are not responsible.BAmericans care less about manners than British people do.CThat British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.DBritish people care too much about which social class they are from.解析 C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，Mark Tyrell认为英国人爱说“sorry”这一现象根植于英国的阶级体系，故选C项。14What can be infe

37、rred from the passage?AIts unnecessary for British people to be so polite.BThe overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.CPeople should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”DUsing “sorry” more doesnt necessarily mean people are more polite.解析 D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，如今频繁地使用“sorr

38、y”或许意味着现在的人们没有以前那么体贴，即如今多次地使用“sorry”这个词不一定代表有礼貌，故选D项。15What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo explore the best way of saying sorry.BTo explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”CTo show how saying sorry has changed over time.DTo suggest many British people lack traditional manners

39、.解析 B写作意图题。第一段以电影场景开篇，点出话题“英国人爱说sorry”，下文侧重分析这一现象产生的原因，故选B项。 七选五课标话题人与社会科技发展与信息技术创新体裁说明文词数 245难度 Scientists in Denmark have developed a venom(毒液) test machine to help doctors treat victims of snakebites. The machine was created to be simple and has only two pieces of equipment: a centrifuge(离心机) and

40、 a smartphone.For victims, surviving snakebites requires the use of a treatment, known as antivenom. _1_,_because the victim must first know which kind of snake produces this kind of venom. The venom test machine can help address this problem._2_. The different protein patterns in the venom can be u

41、sed to determine the type of snake. Scientist Catherine Larsen from the Technical University of Denmark(DTU) said researchers found these patterns after testing different snake venoms with different small proteins(蛋白质). Ivan Douka is also with DTU. He explained that the machine works by using a smar

42、tphone app from the patient.To create the sample(样本), the patients red blood cells need to first be separated. This is done by using a centrifuge. _3_,_and 30 minutes later, the sample is placed into another container, which is used with a piece of equipment that analyzes the liquid by measuring the

43、 amount of light that is absorbed by it. After that, connect that equipment to a smartphone, which has an app to show the results. _4_.Andreas Laustsen, another DTU scientist, said the test machine will help doctors make quicker, possibly lifesaving decisions. _5_. Those bites kill at least 100,000

44、people, and cause around 400,000 people to lose their arm or leg.AA smartphone is fixed onto a containerBThe sample is then put into a special containerCSnake venom is made up of various protein patternsDHowever, receiving the correct form of treatment can be difficultEThe proteins in snake venom ha

45、ve very specific effects on other creaturesFThe app then identifies the type of snake and suggests the most effective antivenomGThe teams work could help about five million people who are bitten by snakes each year语篇导读丹麦的科学家发明了一个毒液检测机，可以帮助医生治疗被蛇咬伤的患者。【熟词生义】address常用义：n.地址生义：v.(着手)解决，处理(问题)1解析 D转折关系。

46、空前提到“被毒蛇咬伤的幸存者需要接受抗毒液治疗”，空后提到“因为受害者必须首先知道哪种蛇会产生这种毒液”，D项(然而，接受正确的治疗可能会很困难)承上启下，故选D项。2解析 C顺承关系。根据空后一句可知，空处应与protein patterns有关，C项包含关键词protein patterns且符合语境，故选C项。3解析 B顺承关系。B项中的a special container与空后的another container相对应且对象均为the sample，衔接紧密，故选B项。4解析 F顺承关系。根据空前的which has an app to show the results可知，F项(然

47、后，该应用程序识别出蛇的种类，并给出最有效的抗毒液)符合语境，其中的The app对应空前的an app，故选F项。5解析 G递进关系。空后的Those bites对应G项中提到的每年约500万人被蛇咬伤的事实，故选G项。语言知识运用练与写作规范练 完形填空课标话题人与社会社会热点问题体裁夹叙夹议文词数 292难度 Dave worked as a professional speaker. After working for a long time, Dave had to go through painful throat surgery, and his _1_ was frighten

48、ing and upsetting.He told me his surgeon was competent and the hospital workers were _2_,_but the cold indifference of the line of nurses and doctors who came in and out of his room _3_ was one of the most _4_ experiences of his life.They treated Daves disease rather than treating him as a person wi

49、th a _5_,_often talking in front of him as if he were a _6_ animal who couldnt understand or wouldnt mind what they were _7_. Although they were assigned to look after him, they acted as if they didnt _8_. Their behavior was completely _9_.I can understand why medical practitioners keep an emotional

50、 _10_ from human suffering as a from of selfprotection. And I understand _11_ confronting difficult and demanding patients as well as pain, disease, and death on a daily basis can _12_ calluses(老茧) around ones heart. But when professional distance translates to _13_,_it is a form of bad practice.The

51、 job of medical professionals is not _14_ to cure disease but to care for the overall wellbeing of patients. They do their jobs best when they help _15_ get better and help them feel better.What _16_ him, Dave said, wasnt the painkilling drugs but the _17_ of a few nurses who uplifted his spirits by

52、 _18_ acts of human decencya smile, a kind word, a compassionate expression or tonethat _19_ the message that they truly cared.We have to love and admire those who can bring their _20_ to their work, knowing that mental sunshine and flowers are powerful medicines.1Aperformance BadventureCexperience

53、Dcourse2A.hospitable BskilledClazy Dkind3A.nervously BslowlyCbusily Dcoldly4A.miserable BwonderfulCcomfortable Dthrilling5A.disease BsenseClife Ddanger6A.dangerous BfierceCnumb Dgentle7A.operating BsayingCjoking Dlaughing8A.know Bcare Cworry Dnotice9A.aggressive Bsocial Cgood Dbad10A.distance Brespo

54、nse Ccondition Dstate11A.why Bwhen Chow Dwhether12A.form Bgather Ccover Dproduce13A.disinterest BdisrespectCdisappointment Ddiscouragement14A.exactly BcompletelyCfully Donly15A.failures Blosers Cpatients Dvictims16A.saved BsurprisedCfrightened Dmoved17A.courage BattitudeCposition Dcharacter18A.direc

55、t BcomplexCmysterious Dsimple19A.conveyed BreceivedCspread Dleft20A.feelings BmoodsChearts Dsufferings语篇导读作者的朋友Dave在医院遭到医护人员的冷漠对待，作者认为医护人员不应该只是治疗疾病，更应该关注患者的心理感受。1解析 C根据下文讲的故事及第二段中的提示词experiences可知，这是Dave在医院的一段经历(experience)，故选C项。2解析 B空前提到外科医生是能干的，根据and可知，医院工作人员应该也是技术熟练的(skilled)，故选B项。3解析 D根据空前的but t

56、he cold indifference of the line可推知，此处为同义复现。coldly冷漠的，符合语境，故选D项。4解析 A根据下文可知这是Dave一生中最痛苦的(miserable)经历之一。wonderful极好的；comfortable舒服的；thrilling令人激动的，故选A项。5解析 A根据语境可知，医生对待Dave不像是对待一个有疾病(disease)的人。此处的disease为原词复现，故选A项。6解析 C根据空后的who couldnt understand or wouldnt mind可知，此处是说Dave认为医生把他当作一只麻木的(numb)动物一样对待，

57、故选C项。7解析 B根据句意可知，Dave认为医生似乎觉得他听不懂也不介意他们说(say)的话，故选B项。8解析 B根据倒数第二段中的the message that they truly cared可知，此处为原词复现，应用care(在乎)，故选B项。9解析 D上文提到，这是Dave一生中最痛苦的经历之一，由此可知，医护人员的行为非常糟糕(bad)。aggressive有攻击性的；social社会的；good好的，故选D项。10解析 A根据第13空所在句可知，此处指医护人员会和病人在情感上保持一段距离(distance)。response回应；condition条件，状况；state状态，故

58、选A项。11解析 C句意：并且我理解每天面对不易相处的和要求苛刻的病人，以及面对痛苦、疾病和死亡会怎样(how)让人心形成(form)老茧，故选C项。12解析 A参见上题解析，故选A项。13解析 B句意：但是当职业的距离感变成失礼(disrespect)，这就是一种不好的做法。disinterest不感兴趣；disappointment失望；discouragement灰心，泄气，故选B项。14解析 D根据空后的but to care for the overall wellbeing of patients可知， 此处是说医护人员的工作不只是(only)治病。exactly确切地；compl

59、etely完全地；fully充分地，故选D项。15解析 C根据常识可知，医护人员应是帮助患者(patient)康复，故选C项。16解析 A根据下文中的uplifted his spirits可知，此处表示拯救(save)了Dave，故选A项。17解析 B根据下文可知，此处表示拯救了Dave的不是止痛药，而是几个护士充满关怀的态度(attitude)，故选B项。18解析 D根据空后的a smile, a kind word, a compassionate expression or tone可知，护士是通过几个简单的(simple)举动使Dave振作精神的，故选D项。19解析 A根据语境可知，

60、此处是说这几个简单的举动传达(convey)了“他们真正关心”这一信息，故选A项。20解析 C根据全文可知，此处是说我们应热爱并赞赏那些用心(heart)去工作的人，故选C项。 语法填空课标话题人与社会文化娱乐与传媒体裁说明文词数 192难度 For over a century, student journalists at The Daily Tar Heel(DTH) have documented their college life and raised 1._(variety) questions on free expression, tuition, and bigtime a

61、thleticsThe independent student newspaper celebrated its 125th anniversary this year. To mark it, student 2._(report) asked the question: Whats the future of the DTH?Student newspapers are faced 3._ a dark reality. Falling advertising income, increasing digital demands and the lack of subscription f

62、ees as they are free 4._(read), mean that such newspapers are finding them much 5._(hard) to survive. Most college papers have reduced their print editions. And while the DTH 6._(use) to produce around 22,000 newspapers, it only makes around 10,000 now.Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to their digital platforms 7._ they can tell stories with social media. And though 8._ can be challenging for them to move away from that print tradition, they manage to adapt very well. So what should student newspapers 9._(trap) i