2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题21（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题（ ） asleep, the injured was really awake and listening.问题1选项A.Although pretending to beB.BeingC.To beD.While【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格处所在句子后半句句意：这个伤员清醒并且在认真听着。可知空格处应该是表示假装睡着，选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Art that endures often makes an initially disturbing impact: the profound experienc

2、e that such art seeks to provoke necessarily engenders a certain（ ） .问题1选项A.familiarityB.ennuiC.upheavalD.intimacy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。familiarity“熟悉，精通”；ennui“厌倦，无聊，倦怠”；upheaval “剧变，动乱”；intimacy “亲密，亲昵行为”。句意：忍耐的艺术通常产生原发性地让人烦恼的冲击效果：这种艺术试图引起的深刻经验必然产生一种错乱。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The history of film reflects the（ ）

3、 inherent in the medium itself: film combines still photographs to represent continuous motion and, while seeming to present life itself, can also offer impossible and dreamlike unrealities.问题1选项A.trivialitiesB.biasesC.constraintsD.paradoxes【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。triviality “浅薄，轻浮，琐事”；bias “偏见，偏爱”； const

4、raint “约束，局促”；paradox “悖论，反论，似非而是的论点，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：电影的历史反映了这种媒体本身具备的矛盾：电影将静止的照片结合在一起区别表现连续的动作，而当呈现生活时，也经常提供一些不可能的和不真实的东西。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms（ ） with age as an inevitable outcome of living.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.degradeD.deteriorate【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。

5、degrade “降低，降级，退化”；deteriorate “恶化，变坏”；default “拖欠，不履行义务”；depress “ 压抑，使沮丧”。根据句意“科学家对于生物体随着年龄增长会_是必然结果这种说法表示怀疑”，可知空格处应该填表示“退化”此类意思的词，degrade强调功能的退化，deteriorate 强调身体状况的恶化，显然选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life （1）common to all animals. In a b

6、iological laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.However, biological understanding is not enough: （2）itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.（3）to our physical equipment the naked human body we are not an（4）animal. We are tropical creatures,（5）hairless and sensitive

7、 to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us to get it. In the purely physical（6） our species seems a poor （7） for survival.But we have survived-survived and multiplied and（8） the earth. S

8、ome day we will have a（9）living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. （10） its limitations, our physical equipment has some important （11） We have excellent vision and

9、hands that can（12）objects with a precision unmatched by any other （13）. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost （14） number of neural （15） .We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we live in the Arctic, we supply the warmth our t

10、ropical bodies need （16） clothing, shelter, and（17） heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and（18） deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their

11、 own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations.It was not always （19）. Our distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no （20）and lacked the physica

12、l capacity to use it.问题1选项A.processesB.actsC.modesD.procedures问题2选项A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By问题3选项A.StrippedB.ParedC.PeeledD.Removed问题4选项A.intelligentB.impressiveC.influentialD.incentive问题5选项A.barelyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.scarcely问题6选项A.meaningB.judgmentC.perspectiveD.sense问题7选项A.betB.chanceC.factD.luck问题8选项A.f

13、illedB.loadedC.stuffedD.scattered问题9选项A.residenceB.colonyC.homeD.empire问题10选项A.Apart fromB.With regard toC.With the exception ofD.In spite of问题11选项A.abilitiesB.potentialsC.capabilitiesD.possibilities问题12选项A.maneuverB.manageC.manipulateD.manufacture问题13选项A.animalB.animalsC.creaturesD.creature44.问题14选

14、项A.infiniteB.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaseless问题15选项A.connectionsB.relationsC.activitiesD.accesses问题16选项A.forB.toC.withD.by问题17选项A.artificialB.fakeC.unrealD.unauthentic问题18选项A.add upB.break upC.make upD.cut up问题19选项A.thisB.thusC.henceD.that问题20选项A.intellectB.equipmentC.competenceD.culture【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第

15、3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:A第16题:D第17题:A第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。process “过程；进行；步骤”；act “行动；法令，法案；（戏剧，歌剧的）一幕”；mode “模式；方式；风格”；procedure “程序；手续；步骤”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们呼吸、进食、消化和重现生命过程的这些模式与动物非常像。选项C符合题意。（2）考查固定搭配。by itself “独自”。选项D符合题意。（3）考查动词词义辨析。strip “剥

16、夺；剥去”；pare “消减；削皮；剪；修掉（边等）”；peel “剥落；削”；remove “移动；迁移”。空格处所在句子的句意是：脱掉我们的衣服，露出赤裸的人类身体，我们不再是给人印象深刻的一种动物。选项A符合题意。（4）考查形容词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第33题，选项B符合题意。（5）考查副词词义辨析。barely “仅仅”；hardly “几乎不”；nearly “几乎；密切地”；scarcely “几乎不”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们是一种热情的生物，身上几乎没有毛，对冷很敏感。选项C符合题意。（6）考查固定搭配。in the sense “从这种意义上来说”。选项D符合

17、题意。（7）考查名词词义辨析。bet “打赌，赌注”；chance “机会”； fact “事实”；luck “运气”。空格处所在句子的句意是：从物体的意义上来说，我们这个物种在生存上似乎不是一个好的赌注。选项A符合题意。（8）考查动词词义辨析。fill “装满；充满；挤满”；load “使担负”；stuff “塞满；填塞”；scatter“使散开；使散播”。空格处所在句子的句意是：当时我们生存下来了，数量不断增加，并且挤满在世界的各个地方。选项A符合题意。（9）考查逻辑关系。文章倒数第二段提到 our eventual moon colony “我们最后的月球聚居地”。所以选项B符合题意。（

18、10）考查介词词组辨析。apart from “除 之外”；with regard to “关于，至于”；with the exception of “除了 之外”；in spite of “尽管”。空格处所在句子的句意是：尽管我们的身体有很多局限，但是我们的身体设备有很多的潜能。选项D符合题意。（11）考查名词词义辨析。ability “能力”；potential “潜能”；capability “才能，能力”；possibility “可能性”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第40题，选项B符合题意。（12）考查动词词义辨析。maneuver “机动；演习”；manage “管理；经营”；man

19、ipulate “操纵；操作”；manufacture “制造；加工；捏造”。空格处句子所在句意：我们有着极好的视力和一双能精确使用物体上的双手，这是其他动物无法相比的。选项C符合题意。（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第42题。根据空格前的 any other 可知空格处需要填入一个可数名词的单数形式，选项A符合题意。（14）考查形容词词义辨析。infinite “无限的，无穷的”；unknown “未知的；不出名的”；boundless“无限的，无边无际的”；ceaseless“不断的；不停的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：更重要的是，我们拥有几乎无限数量神经连接的大脑。选项A

20、符合题意。（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第44题。选项A符合题意。（16）考查介词辨析。for “为了；因为；给”；to “到；向”；with “用；随着；和 在一起”；by “通过；被；经由”。空格处所在句子的句意是：如果我们居住在北极区，我们通过衣服、遮盖物和人造的取暖设备来供应我们热带身体所需的保暖。可知空格处需要填的介词有“通过”的意思，选项D符合题意。（17）考查形容词词义辨析。artificial “人造的；仿造的；虚伪的”；fake “伪造的”；unreal “不真实的；假的”；unauthentic “不确实的；不真实的”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第46题，

21、选项A符合题意。（18）考查动词词组辨析。add up “合计；加起来”；break up “打碎；结束”；make up “组成；补足；编造”；cut up “切碎”。_ deficits(差额) 与 “by transporting supplies from distant places”(通过从远方运送补给) 可知对应的是“补足差额”。选项 C符合题意。（19）考查固定搭配。It was not always thus / that way “事情也不总是那样”。选项B符合题意。（20）考查名词词义辨析。intellect “智力；知识分子”；equipment “设备，装备；器材”；

22、competence “胜任；能力”；culture “文化”。文章倒数第二段提到“我们人类用身体设备，比如手和大脑等创造了对我们生存和成功至关重要的文化”，而最后一段提到我们的祖先不会使用这些设备，可以推断是缺乏相应的文化。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们没有文化，也缺乏使用自身身体设备的能力。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Many years ago, a lot of factories were（ ） from big cities to the mountainous areas in case of war.问题1选项A.transferredB.transformedC.transmi

23、ttedD.transported【答案】A【解析】考查形似动词词义辨析。transfer “转移；调任”；transform “改变，使 变形；转换”；transmit “传输；传播”；transport “运输；运送”。句意：很多年前，如果有战争，大量的工厂就会从大城市被转移到山区。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Who won the World Cup 2002 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? （1）an event takes place;

24、 newspapers are on the streets（2）the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to（3） the news.Newspapers have one basic（4）, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to（5） it. Radio, telegraph, television, the In

25、ternet and（6）inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication （7）, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the（8）and thus the efficiency of th

26、eir own operations. Today more newspapers are（9）and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers（10）of the latest news, todays newspapers（11）and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspaper

27、s influence readers economic choices （12）advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very（13）Newspapers are sold at a price that（14） to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main（15）of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The（16） in selling adve

28、rtising depends on a newspapers value to advertisers. This（17）in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends（18）on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment（19）in a newspapers pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a n

29、ewspapers value to readers as a source of information（20）the community, city, country, slate, nation, and worldand even outer space.问题1选项A.Just whenB.WhileC.Soon afterD.Before问题2选项A.to giveB.givingC.givenD.being given问题3选项A.gatherB.spreadC.carryD.bring问题4选项A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose问题5选项A.mak

30、eB.publishC.knowD.write问题6选项A.anotherB.otherC.one anotherD.the other问题7选项A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.So问题8选项A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed问题9选项A.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completed问题10选项A.informB.be informedC.to be informedD.informed问题11选项A.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.edit问题12选项A.onB.throughC.withD.of

31、问题13选项A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purpose问题14选项A.triesB.managesC.failsD.succeeds问题15选项A.sourceB.originC.courseD.finance问题16选项A.wayB.meansC.chanceD.success问题17选项A.measuresB.measuredC.is measuredD.was measured问题18选项A.somewhatB.littleC.muchD.something问题19选项A.offeringB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be of

32、fered问题20选项A.byB.withC.atD.about【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）考查副词的用法。空格处所在句子的句意是：当一个事件刚发生的时候，报纸就会在街头进行转播事件的细节。空格处填写的单词或短语是用来形容事件一发生，就被报道了，just 在这里是副词，意思是“刚刚”，符合题意。选项A符合题意。（2）考查不定式的用法。to give 来表目的，意思是来到街上的目的是

33、为了报道事件的细节。选项A符合题意。（3）考查动词词义辨析。gather“收集”，spread“传播”，carry“携带”，bring“带来”。空格处所在的句子的句意：无论世界上哪里有事件，记者都会在现场收集新闻。选项A符合题意。（4）考查名词词义辨析。reason“理由”,cause“原因”， problem“问题”，purpose“目的”。空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项D符合题意。（5）考查动词词义辨析。 空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从

34、来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项C符合题意。（6）考查 other 与 another的用法。空格处所在句子的意思是：广播、电视、电报和因特网以及其他发明为报纸带来了竞争。another指泛指三个或以上的其他事物；other 泛指别的人或物，所以other 符合题意。选项B符合题意。（7）考查连词的用法。空格的前后可以看出是一个转折关系，所以选项A符合题意。（8）考查名词词义辨析。空格处后面半句话的意思是提高自身运作的效率，可以判断出前文是提高速度，选项D符合题意。（9）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在更多的报纸被印刷并被人阅读，选项C符合题意。（10）考查固定搭配。keep

35、 sb informed of 保持对知情。选项D符合题意。（11）考查动词词义辨析。entertain“娱乐，取悦”，encourage“鼓励”，educate“教育”，edit“编辑”。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在的报纸在政治或者其它重要并且严肃的问题上教育并且影响着读者。选项C符合题意。（12）考查介词词义辨析。influence through“通过.影响”，influence with“对有影响”，influence on“对影响”，influence of “某种影响”。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸通过广告影响读者的经济选择。选项B符合题意。（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子

36、的句意是：大多数报纸的生存都是依靠广告。选项B符合题意。（14）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售的价格甚至不够支付生产成本的一小部分。选项C符合题意。（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：大多数报纸的主要收入来源是商业广告。选项A符合题意。（16）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售广告能否成功取决于报纸对于广告商的价值。success in “在的成功”。选项D符合题意。（17）考查固定搭配。be measured in terms of “以为标准衡量”。选项C符合题意。（18）考查副词词义辨析。somewhat“多少有点”，little“几乎没

37、有”，much“很大程度”，something “有点，大约”。这句讲的是报纸的流通受哪些因素制约，文章最后一句提到最重要的因素（for the most part），可以知道这里的因素不是最重要的。选项A符合题意。（19）考查非谓语动词。空格处所填的词与前面的service 和 entertainment 是被动关系，选项B符合题意。（20）考查介词词义辨析。information about “关于的信息”。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker

38、. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or

39、 unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a persons tone may indicate unsureness or fright, c

40、onfidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversants tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or exc

41、itement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in comb

42、ination with the performers skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a persons self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by

43、 a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listeners

44、receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and

45、lethargic qualities of the depressed.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.What does the author mean by stating that, at interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen (lines 8-9)?3.Why does the author mention artistic, political, or pedagogic communicat

46、ion in line 15?4.According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a persons5.According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?问题1选项A.The function of the voice in performanceB.The connection between voice and personalityC.Communication stylesD.The

47、 production of speech问题2选项A.Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.B.The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.C.A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.D.Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.问题3选项A.As examples of public per

48、formance.B.As examples of basic styles of communicationC.To contrast them to singingD.To introduce the idea of self-image问题4选项A.general physical healthB.personalityC.ability to communicateD.vocal quality问题5选项A.lethargyB.depressionC.boredomD.anger【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话便是全文的中心句A

49、number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.（与说话嗓音有关的一些因素显露出说话者的个性）。选项B “嗓音与个性的联系”符合题意。2.文章第一段Here the conversants tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement,

50、all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener提到交谈者的语气有意或者无意地表达出直观的同情或反感，冷漠或感兴趣，疲劳、紧张、热情或激动等等。选项B “语气可能带着超越言语意思的信息”符合题意。3.文章第一段Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture提到公开表演是一种高度专业的交流

51、方式，需要通过声音的技巧或手势来取得所需要的效果，题目中 artistic, political等都属于这一类公开表演。选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits提到自我形象可以通过语气来表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑衅、友好等等，这些都是个性的特点。选项B符合题意。5.文章第二段by const

52、ricted and harsh sound of the angry可知选项D符合题意。9. 单选题He was fired because he was（ ） late for work.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.consistentlyC.presentlyD.weekly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。occasionally “偶尔”；consistently “一贯地”；presently “不久，一会儿”；weekly “每周一次”。句意：他被解雇了，因为他上班总是迟到。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题His criticism injured Jennys（

53、） .So she is feeling sad now.问题1选项A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。divinity “神圣， 神性”；indignity “侮辱，轻蔑”；ego “自尊心，自我意识”；mind “精神，理智，决心”。句意：他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题He opened his lips as if （ ）something.问题1选项A.sayingB.having saidC.to have saidD.to say【答案】D【解析】考查as if的用

54、法。as if引导从句，结构是“主语+系动词”，并且主语跟系动词都可以省略。本句完整的句子应该是：he opened his lips as if he was going to say something. 其中as if引导的从句的主语跟系动词可以省略，所以选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Before he went to Japan on a business trip, Mr. Henry had （ ）the day-to-day management of his company to his son.问题1选项A.turned upB.turned overC.turned toD

55、.turned into【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turned up“出现”；turned over “翻转，移交给”；turned to “转向”；turned into “变成”。句意：在亨利先生前往日本出差前，他把公司的日常管理权移交给他的儿子。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题A motion picture director for over twenty years, John Champman stamped his film with（ ）tyle and personal conviction.问题1选项A.himselfB.his ownC.hisD.him【答案】B

56、【解析】考查人称代词和物主代词的用法。句意：二十多年来，电影导演John将他的电影深深烙上了个人风格和个人信仰的记号。选项B符合题意。his own “他自己的”。14. 单选题All the parts of this model of automobile are（ ） , so that you can easily replace them everywhere.问题1选项A.modernizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.normalized【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。modernize “使现代化”；standardize “使标准化；用标准检验

57、”；mechanize“使机械化”；normalize “使变得正常”。句意：这种型号的汽车的所有部件都是标准化的，所以你可以很容易到处更换。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Perhaps no single monument in the USA is as famous are the State of Liberty. Standing on a small island in New York Harbor, the crowned lady, holding aloft in her right hand the torch of freedom and in her left han

58、d a tablet which is inscribed “July 4th,1776”，is a symbol of American democracy. She is colossal. She is 151 ft. high and the pedestal on which she stands is almost as much. An elevator takes visitors to the top of the pedestal, around which a balcony runs.A Spiral staircase goes up to the crown, an

59、d another to the torch. The State of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in 1886, as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.For millions of immigrants, the Statue was their first sight of the promised land, and for a few it w

60、as also the last, as they sailed back home again. About a mile from Liberty Island, there is another small island, called Ellis Island, which was looked upon with dread by the immigrants. For it was here that they had to wait their turn to be examined by doctors and officials. Most of the immigrants could not speak a word of English. But only two out of 100 immigrants were refused admission to New York City. Often the person refused