2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷13

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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题She threw herself into her studies with such（ ）energy that she entered the University at the age of 16 and graduated at 20.问题1选项A.completedB.performedC.concentratedD.practiced【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。completed “完整的，完全的”；performed是动词perform “执行，完成，演奏”的过去式；practiced “熟

2、练的，有经验的，老练的”。根据句意她以如此（ ）精力投入到自己的学习中，以至她在16岁吋进入大学且在20岁时从大学毕业。 确定C选项concentrated “集中的，浓缩的，全神贯注的”正确。2. 单选题（ ）is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.问题1选项A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It【答案】D【解析】考查形式主语的用法。本句缺少主语。that引导了一个完整的句子，由此可知句首只需要一个形式主语。四个选项中只有D选项it可充当形式主语。句意：英语正在被接受为一种国际语言，这

3、是一个事实。3. 单选题Knead the dough until it is smooth and（ ）.问题1选项A.flexibleB.looseC.elasticD.resourceful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项flexible“灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的”；B选项loose“宽松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C选项elastic“（物理上的）有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的”；D选项resourceful“资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的”。句意：把面团揉得光滑又。面要筋道就得有弹性，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Absolutely one of the finest buys on

4、 the market. Spacious home with large living room, separate 15-foot dining room with crystal chandelier and built-in buffet, paneled family room with fireplace, huge kitchen with lots of cabinets, big cheery breakfast room, 2.5 baths, 4 huge bedrooms (one is separate and could be a playroom or offer

5、s complete privacy with separate entrance for guests). There is a covered patio and landscaped yard. Better than new with draperies and new air compressor. $160,000. Call Lane Hitcher (home) 926-6043.1.What room in the above advertisement is described as having several possible uses?2.Which room is

6、described in the most detail?3.What detail is emphasized in the description of most rooms?4.One feature of the house that is not mentioned is（ ）.5.The “buffet” mentioned in the description is（ ）.问题1选项A.the dining roomB.the family roomC.one bedroomD.the playroom问题2选项A.the living roomB.the dining room

7、C.the family roomD.the kitchen问题3选项A.cheerfulnessB.built-insC.type of chandeliersD.size问题4选项A.the draperiesB.the walk-in closet in the bedroomC.the landscaped yardD.paneling in the family room问题5选项A.a light fixtureB.a large mealC.a bookcaseD.a serving table for food【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1

8、.事实细节题。由题干关键词room定位到文章第二句，句中详细提到了许多功能房间，有一个例外，括号中提到“one is separate and could be a playroom or offers complete privacy with separate entrance for guests一个独立的房间，可以是一个娱乐室或提供完全的私密空间”，而这个房间是4个大卧室中的一间。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。本题需要找出描写最详细的房间，依然在第二句中观察，只有餐厅使用了“separate单独的”、“15-foot 15英尺长”、“crystal chandelier水晶吊灯”和“

9、built-in buffet内置餐台”修饰，因此对于餐厅的描述最为详细。B选项正确。3.事实细节题。本题需要找出的是房间描述中最为强调的细节。A选项cheerfulness“高兴”相关词汇cheery仅出现在早餐室的描述中；B选项builts-ins“内置设施”出现在厨房的描述中，在描述家庭活动室时使用了“paneled with fireplace镶嵌着壁炉”同样也是内置设施；C选项“type of chandeliers吊灯类型”出现在对餐厅的描述中；D选项“size尺寸”只出现在对餐厅的描写中。因此B选项正确。4.判断推理题。这所房子没有提到的一个细节需要用排除法解决。A选项the d

10、raperies“装饰织物”出现在倒数第二句；C选项the landscaped yard“带景观的源自”出现在倒数第三句；D选项paneling in the family room“家庭娱乐室的镶板”出现在第二句中。因此B选项符合题意。5.词义推断题。Buffet出现在对餐厅的描述中。A选项a light fixture“灯具；照明设备”；B选项a large meal“一顿大餐”；C选项a bookcase“一个书柜”；D选项a serving table for food“放置食物的餐桌”。待售房屋的餐厅中应该有的是餐桌，D选项正确。5. 单选题A study shows that s

11、tudents living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to（ ）that habit of smoking.问题1选项A.turn upB.pick upC.make upD.ring up【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。turn up“调大，出现”；pick up “拿起，拾起，捡起，学会”；makeup “组成，补足，化妆，编造”；ring up “打电话”；根据句意研究发现，住在无烟宿舍的学生不大可能（ ）抽烟的习惯。确定B选项正确。6. 单选题Every day, many people come to visit the（ ）of th

12、e old castle.问题1选项A.locationB.highlandC.siteD.desert【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天都有人来参观城堡的遗址。location “场所”； highland “高低”；site “遗址”；desert “沙漠”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。7. 单选题His illness first（ ）itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.问题1选项A.expressedB.manifestedC.reflectedD.displayed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表

13、达；快递”；B选项manifest“表明；（病症）显现”；C选项reflect“反映；反射”；D选项display“显示；表现”。句意：他的病最初为严重的胃痛和头痛。与“病症”相关的“表现症状”只有B选项符合。8. 单选题He said it was important to put in the hours, but it was not just the hours that（ ）.问题1选项A.affectedB.countedC.focusedD.faltered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。affect “影响，感染，感动”；count “计算，认为，起作用，值得考虑”；focus

14、“使集中，使聚焦”；falter “支吾地说，畏缩，蹒跚”。根据句意他说，投入时间是重要的，但是（ ）不只是时间。确定B选项count “起作用”正确。9. 单选题This book is the（ ）of some 20 years of scientific research.问题1选项A.participationB.toleranceC.allianceD.outcome【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项participation“参与；分享；参股”；B选项tolerance“公差；宽容；容忍”；C选项alliance“联盟；联姻”；D选项outcome“结果；成果”。句意：这本书

15、是20多年科学研究的。由句意和选项分析可知，书只能是研究“成果”，因此D选项正确。10. 单选题The woman was worried about the side effects of taking aspirins, but her doctor（ ）her that it is absolutely harmless.问题1选项A.retrievedB.releasedC.reassuredD.revived【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retrieve“检索；恢复”；B选项release“释放；放开；发泄”；C选项reassure“使安心；安慰”；D选项revive“使复兴

16、；使苏醒”。句意：这位妇女担心服用阿斯匹林会有副作用，但她的医生她说这是绝对无害的。医生对于患者的担心自然是“安慰；使安心”。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance youve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker. It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during th

17、e rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at

18、 a higher level of performance.If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome（综合症） is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms

19、 due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep

20、patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport. Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral （病毒性的）illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries.The treatment for th

21、e overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required. Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time （e.g. 3-4 weeks） then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is

22、 important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It

23、 is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.1.The first paragraph of the passage tells us that（ ）.2.By “overtraining” the author means（ ）.3.What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” syndrome?4.What does the phrase “level off (Line 7, Para, 4)

24、most probably mean?5.The author advises at the end of the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will beB.rest after vigorous training improves and athletes performanceC.strict systematic training is essential to an athletes top performanceD.improvement of an

25、 athletes performance occurs in the course of training问题2选项A.a series of physical symptoms that occur after trainingB.undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertionC.training that is not adequately compensated for by restD.training that has exceeded an athletes emotional limits问题3选项A.It occur

26、s when athletes lose interest in sports.B.It appears right after a hard training session.C.The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athletes training process.D.It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period.问题4选项A.Slow down.B.Become dull.C.Stop improving.D.Be on the

27、 decline.问题5选项A.overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illnessB.overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occursC.an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy restD.illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C

28、第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。这类题需要找段落中心句。第一段中心句出现在转折词however之后“However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker. It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. 然而，艰苦的训练会让你崩溃，让你更虚弱。是休息使你更强壮。只有在艰苦训练之后的休息期间才会有进步。”浏览四个选项可知B选项中出现了关键词rest“剧烈训练后的休

29、息能提高运动员的成绩”，因此B选项符合文意。2.语义推断题。由关键词定位到文章第二段“If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline.如果在训练计划中没有充分的休息，就会出现过度训练和休息不足之间的不平衡，从而导致成绩下降。”紧跟着下一句就提到“the overtraining syndrome”，可知过度训练和休息不足就会产生“过度训练综

30、合征”，这个症状就是休息不足所造成的，因此C选项“休息不能充分补偿的训练”符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章对于“the overtraining syndrome”的描述出现在第二段与第三段中。由上题可知，它发生在过度训练和休息不足之状态失衡时，因此A选项“它发生在运动员对运动失去兴趣的时候”和B选项“它出现在一次艰苦的训练之后。”排除；C选项“运动员在训练过程中产生的疲劳是不可避免的”在文章中并未正面提及。4.语义推断题。本句句意：过度训练综合症可能出现在任何表现出长期疲劳症状的运动员身上，也可能是在表现已经或下降的运动员身上。因为过度训练，可能造成运动员状态不佳，很难出现冒尖的运动表现，只可

31、能下降decrease或表现平平，由此推测level off就表示“趋平”。C选项“停止进步”符合文意。5.观点态度题。A选项“过度训练综合症应该被视为一种严重的疾病”未在最后一段中体现，提到其治疗方法就是“rest”，可知也不应视为严重的疾病；B选项“过度训练综合症应该在发生之前预防”不符合段意，本段未提及预防的问题；C选项“患有过度训练综合症的运动员应该进行长时间的休息”不符合文意，文章讲到的是需要“sufficient rest足够的休息”而不是“长时间休息”。D选项“引起疲劳的疾病不应被误认为是过度训练综合症”，符合最后一句中“要排除可能造成疲劳的疾病存在的可能”，不要把所有的疲劳都归

32、于“过度训练综合征”。12. 单选题The captain often（ ）responsibility to his subordinates, so as to have time to do the important tasks himself.问题1选项A.analyzedB.respectedC.criticizedD.assigned【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。analyze “分析，解释”；respect “尊敬，尊重”；criticize “批评”；assign “分派，选派，分配”；根据句意船长经常将任务（ ）下属，以便自己有时间去做更重要的工作。确定D选项正确。13.

33、单选题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14lh century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northe

34、rn India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious peop

35、le, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje b

36、egan quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditio

37、nal crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery, it wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels

38、removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. T

39、oday there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bure

40、aucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is of

41、ten compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（ ）.2.In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT（ ）.3.According to the passage, the main difference between

42、the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of（ ）.问题1选项A.are engaged in traditional craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats问题2选项A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the Nazis问题3选项A.languageB.cultureC.identityD.custom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsi

43、es are united only when”提供了重要信息，表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起，是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”，由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state

44、 seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说，国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria在更近的时期，吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害，A选项“埃及人”符合题意。3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“With very few exceptions Gypsies have expre

45、ssed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. 除了极少数的例外，吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望不像犹太人，吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈，吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。14. 单选题The psychologists were pleased that their theory had been

46、（ ）by the new research.问题1选项A.fortifiedB.alteredC.disputedD.developed【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。fortify “加强，支持，证实”；alter “改变”；dispute “辩论，争论”；develop “发展，形成”；根据句意心理学家非常高兴，因为最新的研究（ ）他们的理论。确定A选项正确。15. 单选题She was rich,（ ）I was not.问题1选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。第二个句子省略了表语，由句意可知后半句表示“我不富裕”，空格处需

47、要填入关联词。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，有一个特殊用法：which除了指代主句中的某个名词或整个主句的内容外，还可以指代主句的中的某个名词词组、不定式、形容词或形容词短语等。因此本句中填入C选项which指代主句的rich。16. 单选题These were stubborn men not easily（ ）to change their mind.问题1选项A.tiltedB.convertedC.persuadedD.suppressed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项title“加标题与；赋予头衔；把称为”；B选项convert“转变；皈依；改变信仰”；C选项pers

48、uade“说服；劝说”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。 句意：这些顽固的人，别人很难他们改变主意。综合句意和选项可知，此处应表示顽固的人很难被“说服”改变主意。C选项正确。17. 单选题We dont（ ）any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget.问题1选项A.foreseeB.fabricateC.inferD.inhibit【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项foresee“预见；预知”；B选项fabricate“制造；伪造；装配”；C选项infer“推断；

49、推论”；D选项inhibit“抑制；禁止”。句意：只要我们不超出预算，我们就无法完成这个项目就没有什么困难。完成项目的困难在于预算不够，不超预算则不应有困难，也就是现在“看不到有什么困难”，因此A选项正确。18. 单选题Now the cheers and applause（ ）in a single sustained roar.问题1选项A.mingledB.tangledC.baffledD.huddled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使困惑；使受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；

50、靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。19. 单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were（ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.distractedB.displacedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项distract“转移；分心”；B选项displace“取代；置换；转移”；C选项disperse“分散；传播”；D选项discard“抛弃；丢弃”。

51、句意：尽管我们努力集中精力听演讲，但还是被隔壁房间的噪音了。句中存在转折关系词，表明前后方向改变，前半句说“集中精力”，后半句则是噪音让我们“无法集中精力”。综合分析选项可知A选项正确。20. 单选题The awful truth about toxic waste dumping in their neighborhood（ ） many community members.问题1选项A.informedB.appeasedC.provokedD.deceived【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。inform “通知，告诉”；appease “安抚，缓和，对.让步”； provoke “激怒，使恼怒，煽动”；deceive “欺骗”；根据句意有关倾倒在小区的有毒废物的骇人真相（ ）了很多社区成员。确定C选项正确。