2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷86

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Novels and short stories from a librarys fiction collection are a good （ ） of enjoyable reading practice.问题1选项A.exitB.resourceC.entryD.source【答案】D【解析】句意：图书馆的小说和短篇小说是令人愉快的阅读练习的好来源。选项中只有source有来源的意思。所以选项D正确。2. 单选题In protest, blacks and （ ） whites sat at the co

2、unters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were served.问题1选项A.sensibleB.indifferentC.influentialD.sympathetic【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。sensible明智的, 合情理的;indifferent不关心的, 冷淡的, 中立的; influential有影响的, 有权势的;sympathetic同情的，赞同的。句意：在抗议活动中, 黑人和那些支持抗议行为的白人坐在餐馆的柜台上, 拒绝离开，直到他们得到服务。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题The two ph

3、armaceutical companies collaborated in developing new drugs to（ ） the pain of patients in the terminal stages of cancer.问题1选项A.alleviateB.confrontC.insulateD.terminate【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。alleviate减轻, 缓和;confront勇敢地面对, 正视;insulate使绝缘,使隔离; terminate结束,终止。句意：这两家制药公司合作开发新药，以减轻癌症晚期患者的痛苦。选项A 符合句意。4. 写作题Directi

4、ons: Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation, Tell which one you agree with and explain why, Please write an essay of about 300 words on this issue. You should give

5、 specific reasons and details to support your position. Write the essay on the Answer Sheet only.【答案】Which is more important to ones success cooperative or competitive? For such questions, different people have different views. But in my conception, I guess cooperation is more vital than competitive

6、.Firstly, cooperation is our human beings intrinsic motive. When human beings could be called human beings who are different with animals, cooperation is one of the most important factors for our evolution. We have wiser brain than any other creatures on this planet because we know how to achieve ou

7、r goal through team work. We could say that without cooperation, maybe we are still live in Stone-era.Secondly, in modern society, we are facing more and more sophistication in social division of labor. The TV set which is very common to everybody of us is made up of thousands of spare parts which m

8、aybe made in hundreds of factory. The car, the computer, even the sewing machine and fruit knife is very complicated during the manufacture procedure. Similarly at one workshop, a small member team, even wife and husband, we need to be cooperative with each other.Thirdly, we make preparation for suc

9、cess, we have to be cooperative. In modern management points of view, cooperation and inter-dependence are elites. We are always emphasizing synergy which means 1+1 more than 2. Cooperation is the match which could lighten fire. Cooperation is the key which could open the door of success.However, li

10、ke a coin has two sides, we cannot overlook the effective and positive influence of competition. Cooperation, then competition, I think, is the right way.5. 单选题The university is now making efforts to make the supply and demand of information more （ ） and to protect students rights with legal advice.

11、问题1选项A.transparentB.visibleC.applicableD.practical【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。transparent透明的;显然的; visible看得见的; applicable可适用的, 可应用的; practical实际的,实用性的。句意：学校目前正在努力使信息的供求更加透明, 并通过法律咨询来保护学生的权利。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题I （ ） the justice and fought against corruption at my best.问题1选项A.confirmedB.upheldC.overwhelmedD.establish

12、ed【答案】B【解析】confirmed确认, 坚定; uphold支持, 维护; overwhelmed压倒, 淹没; established制定, 建立。句意：我维护正义, 尽我最大的努力与腐败作斗争。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars,You can see even more with a telescope. Yo

13、u might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more a

14、nd more details.But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We wont see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. Thats because theyre invisible. Theyre the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to i

15、magine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesnt seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.As a stars gases burn, they give off light and heat.

16、 But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was v

17、ery big, it keeps squashing inward until its packed together tighter than anything in the universe.Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. Thats how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packeD.What pulls the star in toward its center with such power? Its the same

18、 force that pulls you down when you jumpthe force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everythingeven light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes. Thats why you see nothing but blackness.So the next time you stare up at the night sky, reme

19、mber： theres more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holesthe great mystery of space.1.According to the article, what causes a star to die?2.Which of the following statements is NOT a fact?3.What happens AFTER a star dies?4.Why cant you see light when you look

20、 at a black hole?5.What is the main idea of the article?问题1选项A.As its gases run out, it cools down.B.It collides with other stars.C.It can only live for about a million years.D.As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.问题2选项A.Black holes are dead stars.B.Black holes have gravity.C.Black holes are in

21、visible.D.There is nothing as mysterious as a black hole.问题3选项A.It becomes invisible.B.It falls to Earth.C.It burns up all of its gases.D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.问题4选项A.Because most black holes are so far away.B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light i

22、nward.C.Because as the stars gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light.D.Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its center.问题5选项A.The future of our Sun billions of years from now.B.The difference between our Sun and a dead star.C.The mystery of black holes in the universe.D.Th

23、e sparkling and dying stars in the sky.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据笫五段的第二句when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.当气体耗尽时, 恒星停止燃烧并开始死亡。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知, 选项A, B, C均是对黑洞正确的描述;选项D描述太绝对, 所以不正确。3.判断推理题。根据六七段的内容可知, 当恒星死亡后, 重力使其向内挤压, 最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不见的, 所以选项

24、A正确。4.判断推理题。根据倒数策二段的倒数二三句A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everythingeven light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes.黑洞是如此的紧凑以至于它的重力吸收一切甚至光。黑洞发出的光永远不会回到你的眼睛里。选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容, 本文主要是讲黑洞的形成与影响, 所以选项C正确。8. 单选题For 50 years they were able to produce

25、and sell their goods more cheaply than other countries and this gave them a （ ） advantage in world trade.问题1选项A.considerableB.concreteC.considerateD.conventional【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。considerable相当大的;concrete实体的,明确的;considerate 体贴的;体谅的; conventional依照惯例的;传统的;常规的。句意：50年来，他们能够以比其他国家更低的价格生产和销售商品，这使他们在世界贸易中获得

26、了相当大的优势。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题She （ ） and lowered her head when she couldnt answer the question in the presence of her classmates.问题1选项A.refutedB.defiedC.contradictedD.disputed【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。refute反驳, 驳斥; defy挑衅,不服从,公然反抗, 还有使落空的意思; contradicted反驳, 矛盾; disputed争论, 激烈辩论。句意：当她不能在同学面前回答问题时, 她感到很落空并低下了头。选项B符合句意

27、。10. 单选题Such occupations were so （ ） as to be unworthy of his full attention.问题1选项A.triggeringB.triplingC.triflingD.trembling【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发，启动； tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling发抖的，战栗的。根据下句可推测出，选项C更符合句意。句意：这些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神贯注。11. 单选题The （ ） beauty of the mountain has made it a wor

28、ld-famous resort. Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it.问题1选项A.perpetualB.perplexedC.preservedD.perished【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。perpetual永久的,不断的;perplexed困感的, 不知所措的;preserved 保存完好的; perished 消亡的, 毁坏的。句意：保存完好的山区风景使得它成为世界闻名的旅游胜地。每年都有许多来自国内外的游客来参观。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题To live in the Unit

29、ed Slates today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist n

30、aturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. T

31、he explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl make people see how important the human quality of technology is; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly became completely disordered and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since tec

32、hnology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will contin

33、ue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do t

34、he tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was no

35、t the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of

36、 American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development of supplement and replaces some aspec

37、ts of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.1.A spear or a robot has the quality of technology on

38、ly when it （ ） .2.The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that（ ） .3.According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because （ ） .4.By using the phrase the human quality of technology (line 7, ParA.2), the author refers to the f

39、act that technology （ ）.5.The passage is based on the authors（ ） .问题1选项A.is used both as a cultural and a physical objectB.is utilized by manC.serves different purposes equally wellD.can be of use to both man and animal问题2选项A.if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our wo

40、rldB.technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for itC.technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by manD.being a human creation, technology is liable to error问题3选项A.the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mindB.the computer can do the tasks that could only be don

41、e by people beforeC.it has helped to switch to an information technologyD.it has a great potential impact on society问题4选项A.has a great impact on human lifeB.has some characteristics of human natureC.can replace some aspects of the human mindD.does not exist in the natural world问题5选项A.keen insight in

42、to the nature of technologyB.prejudiced criticism of the role of the Industrial RevolutionC.cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computersD.exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.根据第二段第三句“Until humans use a spear to h

43、unt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter.”除非人们用矛去捕获猎物或用机器人去生产机器零件，否则二者都只不过是硬梆梆的物体而已。也就是说只有为人类所用的时候，它们才具有科技含量，所以选项B正确。2.根据关键词“the Challenger and Chernobyl”定位到第二段第五句：挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯切尔诺贝利核事故使人们认识到技术的人为特征是多么重要。下文继续提到，计划良好的系统突然变得完全混乱，而且没有现成的人手来纠正它们。因为

44、技术是人类创造的，容易出问题。所以选项D正确。3.根据第三段的倒数第二句“The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change.”它之所以是革命性的，主要原因是它带来了巨大的社会变革。选项D符合原文。4.根据第二段所举的例子可知，作者意在说明技术的人为性特征，即技术同人性一样，存在弱点。选项B正确。5.本题可用排除法。作者在文中并没有对工业革命进行批判，所以选项B不正确；大脑不会被电脑所取代，选项C也表述错误；虽然科技有负面影响，但作者没有进行夸大的描述，所以选项D错误。B,C,D

45、三项均可排除，选项A正确，作者对技术的本质有着敏锐的洞察。13. 单选题The environmental movement is （ ） to the widespread feelings of support for natures inherent worth.问题1选项A.testimonyB.hypocrisyC.compensationD.compassion【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。testimony证据，证词；hypocrisy虚伪，伪善；compensation补偿，报酬；compassion同情，怜悯。句意：环保运动证明了人们普遍支持自然的内在价值。选项A符合句意。1

46、4. 单选题The relation of the earth on its axis is responsible for the （ ） of periods of light and darkness.问题1选项A.alterationB.alternationC.alternativeD.altercation【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。alteration变更，改变；alternation交替，更迭；alternative二选一，供替代的选择；altercation争执。句意：地球绕着地轴运转是日夜交替出现的原因。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题The love that （ ）

47、takes up residence in the soul and helps complete us.问题1选项A.standsB.bearsC.endureD.lengthens【答案】C【解析】stand忍受,抵抗;bear忍受,支撑; endure持续,忍耐; lengthen变长,延长。句意：爱持续占据灵魂, 使我们变得完整。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题Mrs. Thompson gave us a （ ） account of what had happened;thats why we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utt

48、erance.问题1选项A.curvedB.distortedC.twistedD.tangled【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。curved弯曲的;distorted 歪曲的;曲解的,常指叙述事实的歪曲;twisted 扭曲的,常指物体的变形或者心理变态 ;tangled缠结的,复杂的。句意：Thompson夫人歪曲了所发生事情的事实，这就是我们不再相信她说的话的原因。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take t

49、his （ ） happiness away.问题1选项A.adversaryB.vulgarC.fragileD.superfluous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：贫穷和家庭暴力让她很容易相信坏事会发生，并带走这种脆弱的幸福。只有选项C符合句意。18. 单选题Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about H

50、K $3,000,000 worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this shrinkage as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just cant help themselves

51、. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a

52、small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden tempta

53、tion and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless ot

54、hers who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops.In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customer

55、s from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because

56、of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999, 999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into

57、 a store to buy a tin of beans!1.Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?2.The third group of people steal things because they （ ） .3.According to the passage, law-abiding citizens（ ） .4.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop

58、-lifting?5.The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that （ ） .问题1选项A.There is a shrinkage in market values.B.Many goods are not available.C.Goods in many shops lack variety.D.There are many cases of shop-lifting.问题2选项A.are mentally illB.are quite absent-mindedC.can not resist the tempt

59、ationD.can not afford to pay for goods问题3选项A.can possibly steal things because of their povertyB.can possibly take away goods without payingC.have never stolen goods from the supermarketsD.are difficult to be caught when they steal things问题4选项A.A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the

60、professionals.B.The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C.People would expect that those who cant help themselves are poor.D.The professionals dont cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.问题5选项A.the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the storesB.some

61、people simply forget to pay for what they take from the shopsC.the honest public has to pay higher pricesD.the third type of shop-lifters are dangerous people【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节判断题。根据关键词the honest public定位到第一段的最后一句As a result of this shrinkage as the shops call it, the honest publi

62、c has to pay higher prices.由于商家所谓的由偷窃造成的损失, 诚实的公众因此而付出了更高的代价。结合上文可知shrinkage指店内行窃案件, 所以选项D更准确。2.细节判断题。根据第二段的首句Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just cant help themselves.商店行窃者可分为三大类:专业扒手、蓄意的业余扒手和控制不了盗窃冲动的扒手。所以第三类人就是无法抵挡诱惑的人, 选项C符合原文。3.细节推断题。根据关键