2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷21

《2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷21》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷21（25页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题This kind of material can （ ）heat and moisture.问题1选项A.deleteB.repelC.compelD.constrain【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heat and moisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。2. 单选题It is said that the math te

2、acher seems（ ）towards bright students.问题1选项A.preferableB.partialC.beneficialD.liable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项preferable“更好的，更可取的”；B选项partial“部分的，不完全的，偏袒”；C选项beneficial“有利的，有益的”；D选项liable“负有偿付责任，可能受的影响”。由bright students（聪明的学生）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：据说这个数学老师似乎偏袒聪明的学生。3. 翻译题Translate the following two paragraphs in

3、to ChineseOnce you turn over a new leaf, you cant expect to change completely right away. You are bound to vacillate at times. The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement, expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any change. And even after you are handling these decisions

4、in a firmer and more confident manner, you cant expect your children to respond immediately. For a while theyll keep on applying the old pressures that used to work so well. But theyll eventually come to respect your decisions once they learn that nagging and arguing no longer work. In the end, both

5、 you and your children will be happier for it.The trends are quickly accelerating for a simple reason: Information is power, and technology democratizes and universalizes the availability of information. Hence, organizations will no longer be able to subsidize processes and jobs that glorify hierarc

6、hical control but turn off the spigot on knowledge-flow. Futurist George Gilder describes a world where the economy is based on sand, glass and air. Sand is the silicon used to make microchips, the building blocks of computingand that building block is growing exponentially. The performance of micro

7、chips doubles every 18 months.【答案】一旦你翻开新的一页，你就不能指望马上完全改变。有时你肯定会犹豫不决。关键是要满足于渐进的改进，预料并接受任何变化带来的偶然失误。即使在你以更加坚定和自信的方式处理这些决定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子会立即做出反应。在一段时间内，他们将继续施加过去行之有效的旧压力。但一旦他们知道唠叨和争论不再有效，他们最终会尊重你的决定。最后，你和你的孩子都会因此而更快乐。这种趋势正在迅速加速，原因很简单：信息就是力量，而技术使信息变得民主化和普遍化。因此，组织将不再能够资助那些美化等级特权并阻止信息交流的工作体系了。未来学家乔治吉尔德描述了一个

8、以沙子、玻璃和空气为基础的经济世界。沙子是用来制造微芯片的硅，芯片（计算机世界的建筑材料）正以指数级的速度增长。微芯片的性能每18个月翻一番。4. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。相隔千里的人们可以在短短 的几秒钟之内发送并接受详尽的文件资料。这就使得人们能够以一种前所未有的方式齐 心协力，共同承担大量的工程项目。通过电子邮件与国外的人通信、交换文件已成为司 空见惯的事情。唯一的障碍是时区的不同。【答案】The effect of e-mail on our career and

9、personal life is extraordinary. People thousands of miles way away from each can send and receive detailed documents within just a few seconds. This allow people to work together and jointly undertake a great deal of projects in an unprecedented way. It has become a common practice to communicate an

10、d exchange files with people overseas by e-mail. The only obstacle is the difference in time zones.5. 单选题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is

11、 known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels （吟游歌手）and mercenaries（雇佣兵）, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan（部落）

12、system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for man. Bu

13、t on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy （异端）in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism（流浪）. At various times they have been forbidden to wea

14、r their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery. It wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up

15、in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust （大屠杀）.Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized（消除）, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy familie

16、s.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned (迅速成长).Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gyp

17、sies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay (不予重视)their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With

18、 very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, is where my two feet stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（ ）.2.In history hostil

19、ity to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT（ ）.3.According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of（ ）.4.Which of the following is NOT true about the history of the Gypsies?问题1选项A.are engaged in traditional

20、craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats问题2选项A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the Nazis问题3选项A.languageB.cultureC.identityD.custom问题4选项A.The origin of the Gypsies can only be guessed from their language.B.Europeans had thought that the Gypsies originated fr

21、om Egypt.C.Some people had thought that the Gypsies might disappear as a distinct nationality.D.There was once a country of the Gypsies in northern India.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies（只有在非吉普赛人的威胁面前才能真正团结起来）可知D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。2.

22、细节事实题。由文章第二段中的In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in th

23、e Holocaust.（在欧洲，非吉普赛人对他们的迫害开始得很快，教会认为他们的算命行为是异端邪说，而政府认为他们的游牧生活是反社会行动。在更近的历史中，吉普赛人被陷入纳粹党歇斯底里的种族迫害中，大约50万人死于大屠杀）可知吉普赛人受到了教堂、政府以及纳粹的迫害，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their ownunlike Jews（除了极少数例外，吉普赛人并没有表达出对一个国家的强烈愿望不像犹太人那样）可知

24、吉普赛人与犹太人的主要区别在于对身份的认同，因此选C。4.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago（从他们的语言罗曼语的各种方言中的线索可知，一千年前他们从印度北部来到中东）可知D选项“印度北部曾经有一个吉普赛人国家”表示不正确，只能推测吉普赛人从印度北部而来。6. 单选题In general,

25、our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oili

26、ng does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The work

27、er and employee are anxious，not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and i

28、ntellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or fall behind is not a

29、matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business,

30、and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to

31、 the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal produ

32、ction and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruli

33、ng man.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery the author intends to render the idea that man is（ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that（ ）.3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the autho

34、r suggests that we should（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the

35、rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived o

36、f their individuality and independence问题3选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow competitorsD.who could keep far away from this competitive world问题4选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to

37、 the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless（然而，所有

38、这些润滑剂并不能改变人已经变得毫无力量的事实）可知C选项“与社会其他部分相比不重要的一部分，尽管运行平稳”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.（他们生老病死，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实）可知D选项“他们被剥夺了个性和

39、独立性”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress（不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好，或者比竞争对手强，这就产生了持续的焦虑和压力）可知D选项“能远离这个竞争激烈的世界的人”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of

40、 his potentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements（变成一种以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业中，在这里人及其潜能爱和理性的充分开发是所有社会安排的目的）可知C选项“使人能充分发挥自己的潜力”符合题意。5.观点态度题。由文章第一段的内容可知作者将社会比作一个机械，人只是这个机械中的一个小齿轮，并对其进行了讽刺和批评，因此B选项“不满”符合题意。7. 单选题Your advice would be（ ）valuable to him, who is now at a loss

41、as to what to do first.问题1选项A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。8. 单选题（ ）, a man who expresses himself effective

42、ly is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.问题1选项A.Other things being equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things to be equal【答案】A【解析】考查独立主格。空格处的主语为other things，主句的主语不一致，故为独立主格结构，other things与其谓语动词是主动的关系，因此谓语动词用现在分词形式，选A。other things

43、being equal在句中作状语表示条件“如果其它方面都一样的话”。句意：如果其它方面都一样的话，一个能有效表达自己的人肯定比一个语言能力差的人成功得更快。9. 单选题The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rhyme, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and va

44、rious traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint （对位）, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpists （竖琴师）accompaniment

45、; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode （逸事）,is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours.The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem gr

46、eat, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be Gerontion, or You Aint Nothin. But a Hound Dog, our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the

47、same.The most important prerequisite （先决条件）for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only mea

48、ns by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poems vision on pain of writing only the derivative（派生物）or the trivial. Histor

49、ically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile（奴性的）compliance to popular taste.1.According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music（ ）.2.Which of th

50、e following statements is true, according to the text?3.In the text, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A.is indisputable if you analyze historyB.is a debatable topicC.needs to be acknowledged more by poetsD.can be made but in a limited way问题2选项A.The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been o

51、verstated.B.Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.C.The lyrics of a song are not different from the lyrics of poetry.D.It is the time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.问题3选项A.the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre onesB.th

52、e various ways songs and poems are similarC.the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetryD.how to evaluate a poem and a songs value from a lyrical standpoint【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词relationship定位到文章第一段，由The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely

53、 needs to be argued. In English the two are closely bound historically（诗歌和音乐之间的密切关系几乎不需要争论。在英语中，两者在历史上有着密切的联系）可知从历史的角度来看，诗歌与音乐之间的关系是无可争辩的，因此A选项符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry.（作为文学作品的抒情诗和流行歌曲的抒情

54、诗在本质上仍然是一回事：诗歌）可知C选项“一首歌的歌词和诗歌的歌词没有什么不同”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same（我们对作品评价的标准必须保持一致）可知C选项“歌曲创作和诗歌中最重要的共同评价标准”符合题意。10. 单选题Jack was about to announce our plan but I（ ）.问题1选项A.cut him shortB.gave him upC.turned him outD.put him through【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

55、A选项cut sb. short“打断某人”；B选项give sb. up“放弃某人”；C选项turn sb. out意为“驱逐某人”；D选项put sb. through“替某人接通”。由句中的but可知前后表示转折关系，结合句意可知选A。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。11. 单选题It is rather（ ）that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.问题1选项A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding【答案】C【解析】考查形容

56、词辨析。A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项demanding“要求高的，要求极严的”。句中的it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，由“we still do not know how many species there are in the world today（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。句意：我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种，这是相当令人尴尬的。12. 单选题People who like to wear red clothes are more

57、likely to be talkative and（ ）.问题1选项A.vivaciousB.perilousC.introvertedD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vivacious“可爱的，活泼的”；B选项perilous“冒险的，危险的”；C选项introverted“内向的，不喜欢交往的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的，赚钱的”。由and可知空格处与talkative（健谈的）表示的意思相同，因此选A。句意：喜欢穿红衣服的人更有可能健谈、活泼。13. 单选题Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not（ ）that.问题1选

58、项A.seeingB.being seenC.seeD.to see【答案】D【解析】考查固定结构。too.to表示“太以至于不能”，too. not to属于双重否定的结构，表示“太不能不”。句意：李先生太聪明了，不会不知道这点的。14. 单选题As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and

59、mortar”online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples o

60、f the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.C is one of the latter group. Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mousepads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an exam

61、ple of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.C, however, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers dont need to print large lots of items. They dont need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they dont need to talk to another human being

62、to get their store “built” in the first place. The site lets you upload an image and choose what sort of item youd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item upthe difference between the items base cost and your mark-up price is your profit.Base prices are high, but understa

63、ndable when you consider what does for the initial investment. An 11-ounce mug starts at $10.99. For that, prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mugs purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owners effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, and writing a brief