2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷47

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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Though the number of the upper class is a mere one third of the population, they make up at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two parts: upper-upper and lower-upper.（1）, the upper-upper class is the “old rich”families that have been wea

2、lthy for several generationsa nobility of（2）and wealth. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, and the Vanderbilts. Most are not（3）to the general public. They have no（4）to the rest of the community,（5）their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. By（6）, the lower-

3、upper class is the “new rich”. （7）they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have been（8）to make their money like（9）else beneath their class.（10）their status is generally（11）than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who（12

4、）to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is（13）, the upper class is very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to（14）an interest in the arts and to（15）rare books and paintings. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, a

5、nd marry their own kind, all of which keeps them so（16）from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be（17）of being members of a class. They also（18）an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they（19）many top government

6、positions. Their actions（20）the lives of millions.问题1选项A.ConsequentlyB.AccordinglyC.RegularlyD.Basically问题2选项A.beginningB.birthC.infancyD.foundation问题3选项A.visibleB.noticeableC.obviousD.apparent问题4选项A.contactB.associationC.communicationD.relation问题5选项A.pullingB.abstractingC.drawingD.making问题6选项A.comp

7、arisonB.contrastC.contraryD.difference问题7选项A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.ThereforeD.However问题8选项A.greedyB.indifferentC.sympatheticD.depressed问题9选项A.nobodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.anybody问题10选项A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Whereas问题11选项A.superiorB.inferiorC.higherD.lower问题12选项A.wantB.selectC.hateD.tend问题13选项A.retainedB.be

8、nefitedC.acquiredD.rewarded问题14选项A.reproduceB.yieldC.cultivateD.rear问题15选项A.collectB.gatherC.assembleD.accumulate问题16选项A.distantB.farC.separateD.remote问题17选项A.doubtfulB.consciousC.sensitiveD.sensible问题18选项A.demandB.controlC.directD.command问题19选项A.seizeB.abuseC.holdD.sustain问题20选项A.attractB.affectC.e

9、ffectD.incline【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C第11题:D第12题:D第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查副词辨析。A选项Consequently “因此，结果”；B选项Accordingly“于是，相应地”；C选项Regularly“定期地”；D选项Basically“主要地，基本上”。结合上下文语境“这个阶层可以分为两部分：上上层和下层。上上阶层主要是老一辈就已经富起来的人”，选项D符合原文语境。2.考查名词辨析。A选项be

10、ginning“开始”；B选项birth“出身”；C选项infancy“初期，幼年”；D选项foundation“基础”。根据原文可知，这里是说那些家庭富裕的人出身也很高贵，所以选项B符合语境。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项visible “明显的，看得见的”；B选项noticeable“显著的”；C选项obvious“平淡无奇的”；D选项apparent“显然的，表面上的”。根据下文“他们和社区的人基本没什么联系”，由此可知，这些富裕家庭公众是看不到的，所以选项A符合语境。4.考查固定搭配。have no relation to意为“与毫无关系”，所以选项D正确。5.考查固定搭配。draw fr

11、om意为“从中得到；从提取”。原文是指这些富裕家庭的收入是从他们所继承财富的投资中获得的，所以选项C正确。6.考查固定搭配。by contrast意为“相比之下”，表示前后形成对比，所以选项B正确。7.考查逻辑连词。根据原文句意“他们（新富起来的人）可能比那些早就富裕起来的人更有钱，但他们还是在不断地赚钱。”前后构成转折的逻辑关系，所以首先排除表示原因的逻辑连词选项B和C。其次，however表示转折时为副词，不能够连接两个分句，所以只有选项A正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；B选项indifferent“漠不关心的”；C选项sympathetic“同情的”；D选

12、项depressed“沮丧的”。根据原文可知，这里是说新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱，所以选项A符合语境。9.考查不定代词。根据句意可知，这里是指其他所有人，所以用everybody else。选项B正确。nobody多用于否定句，anybody多用于疑问句，somebody有特指的意味，所以均不正确。10.考查上下文语境。上文提到“新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱”，而下文则提及“他们的地位比那些早就富裕起来的人要低，早就富裕起来的人则认为没有必要为赚钱出力”。前后构成因果关系，所以选项C符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。根据下文“look down upon

13、 the new rich”可知，新富起来的人比那些早就富裕起来的人的地位要低，所以选项D正确。12.考查动词辨析。A选项want“想要”；B选项select“选择”，一般不和介词to搭配；C选项hate“憎恨，厌恶”；D选项tend“倾向于”。句意：那些早就富裕起来的人倾向于看不起新富起来的人，选项D符合语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项retain“保持”；B选项benefit“受益”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项reward“奖励”。句意：无论他们的财富是如何获得的，上层阶级都是非常富有的。选项C符合语境。14.考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项yield

14、“产出”；C选项cultivate“培养”；D选项rear“抚养，饲养”。根据原文可知，这里是说培养对艺术的兴趣，所以选项C正确。15.考查动词辨析。A选项collect“收藏，收集”；B选项gather“聚集”；C选项assemble“聚集，集合”；D选项accumulate“积攒，累积”。根据原文可知，这里指收藏稀有的书籍和画，所以选项A正确。16.考查形容词辨析。A选项distant “遥远的，冷漠的”；B选项far“遥远的，久远的”；C选项separate“分开的，单独的”；D选项remote“遥远的，偏僻的”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级远离了大众，选项A更符合语境。17.考查固定

15、搭配。A选项doubtful“可疑的”；B选项conscious“意识到的”；C选项sensitive“敏感的”；D选项sensible“明智的”。句意：与其他阶级相比，他们更倾向于意识到自己是阶级的成员。be conscious of sth.意为“意识到”，所以选项B正确。18.考查动词辨析。A选项demand“要求，需求”；B选项control“控制，管理”；C选项direct“管理，指挥”；D选项command“命令，掌控”。句意：他们在国内外也掌握着巨大的权力和影响力。选项D更符合语境。19.考查动词辨析。A选项seize“抓住”；B选项abuse“滥用”；C选项hold“持有，拥有

16、”；D选项sustain“维持，支撑”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级的人占有许多高级政府职位，所以选项C符合语境。20.考查动词辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项affect“影响，感染”；C选项effect“产生，达到目的”；D选项incline“倾向于”。句意：他们的行为影响着数百万人的生活。选项B符合语境。2. 单选题No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps,

17、is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpret

18、ation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on films, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.I have come to t

19、hink, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isnt time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “a criticism of life”, and “a heightening of life”. It is “an approach to the truth

20、of feeling”, and it “can save your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who dont like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But thos

21、e who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.1.To have a better understanding of a poem, one should（ ）.2.Which of the following is not me

22、ntioned as a function of poetry?3.According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students（ ）.4.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?5.The phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.discuss it with othersB.analyze it by

23、 oneselfC.copy it down in a notebookD.practice reading it aloud问题2选项A.Extending your lifeB.Saving your lifeC.Criticizing lifeD.Heightening life问题3选项A.to understand lifeB.to enjoy poetryC.to become teachersD.to become poets问题4选项A.More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.B.Poetry is more i

24、mportant than any other subject.C.One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry.D.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.问题5选项A.“build a booth”B.“provide equipment”C.“leave a certain amount of time”D.“set aside enough space”【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1

25、.细节事实题。根据原文第一段的第一句“No poem should ever be discussed or analyzed, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. 任何诗歌都应该先由某人，老师或学生大声朗读，再来进行讨论或分析。”所以选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“Poetry is a criticism of life, and a heightening of life. It is an approach to the truth of feeling, and it can

26、 save your life. 诗歌是对生活的批评，也是对生活的升华。它是一种接近真实感受的方法，它可以拯救你的生命。”由此可知，只有选项A在原文没有提及。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第二句“I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. 我认为我们作为英语教师的目标之一就是让学生热爱诗歌。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。4.语义推断题。原文第三段的最后一句提及“It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and lite

27、rature more central than it presently occupies. 它（诗歌）也应该在语言和文学教学中占有比现在更重要的地位。”也就是说，应该要更加重视诗歌的教学，所以选项A符合原文。5.词义推断题。根据关键词所在原文的句意“但那些教授诗歌的老师必须牢记诗歌的本质、诗歌的声音和诗歌的意义。他们必须在教室里留出时间让学生思考诗歌，同时也让学生听诗。”由此可推断，这里的“make room”指的是留出时间，所以选项C符合原文。3. 单选题They are bound to fail if they continue at the risk of all these da

28、ngers.问题1选项A.are unnecessaryB.are certainC.are simpleD.are alternative【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。根据句意：如果他们继续冒着所有这些危险，他们会失败。这里表示的是肯定的说法，be bound to意为“肯定，必然”。A选项are unnecessary“不必要的”；B选项are certain“必然的，确信的”；C选项are simple“简单的，单纯的”；D选项are alternative“供选择的”。选项B符合语境。4. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends

29、 for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total（ ）for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.applicableC.advisableD.available【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项applicable“可适用的，合适的”；C选项advisable“明智的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：一般来说，学生可用于住房的钱应该占全部生活费的五分之一。available for意为“可用于的”，所以选项D正确。5. 单选题Having g

30、one through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a famous clown with a strong（ ）.问题1选项A.philosophyB.mannerC.personalityD.idealism【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项philosophy“哲学，哲理”；B选项manner“方式，习惯”；C选项personality“个性，品格”；D选项idealism“唯心主义”。句意：经历了生活中的种种艰辛，他成为了一个著名的有着明显个性的小丑。选项C符合语境。6. 单选题As the silent film（ ）sou

31、nd, so did the sound film（ ）color.问题1选项A.cry out for; cry out forB.cried out for; cried out forC.had cried out for; cry out forD.had cried out for; cried out for【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。分析句子结构可知，后半句为部分倒装结构，助动词did提到了主语前面，所以第二空应填动词原形，由此可排除选项B和选项D。前半句描述的事情发生在后半句之前，因此时态应使用过去完成时表示，所以选项C正确。句意“正如无声电影迫切需要声音一样，有声电影也迫

32、切需要色彩。”7. 单选题Many of her followers remain（loyal）to her, and even those who have rejected her leadership.问题1选项A.obedientB.friendlyC.faithfulD.sympathetic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：她的许多追随者仍然效忠于她，即使是那些不满她领导能力的人也不例外。A选项obedient“顺从的”；B选项friendly“友好的”；C选项faithful“忠诚的”；D选项sympathetic“同情的”。loyal意为“忠诚的”，选项C与之意思相近，符

33、合语境。8. 单选题The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were（ ）.问题1选项A.possibleB.indelibleC.disableD.illegible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项possible“可能的，合理的”；B选项indelible“难忘的，擦不掉的”；C选项disable “使残废”；D选项illegible“难以辨认的，字迹模糊的”。句意：随着时间的推移，墨水已经褪色，所以信的某些部分难以辨认。选项D符合语境。9. 单选题Providing first class service is

34、 one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers.问题1选项A.attitudesB.methodsC.solutionsD.thoughts【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：提供头等舱服务是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A选项attitude“态度，看法”；B选项method“方法，条理”；C选项solution“解决方案”；D选项thought“想法”。tactic意为“策略，战略”，选项B代入最符合语境。10. 单选题In an environmentally conscious tweak on the typi

35、cal way of getting food to the table, growing numbers of people are skipping out on grocery stores and even farmers markets and instead going right to the source by buying shares of farms.On one of the farms, here about 35 miles west of Chicago, Steve Trisko was weeding beets the other day and cutti

36、ng back a shade tree so baby tomatoes could get sunlight. Mr. Trisko is a retired computer consultant who owns shares in the four-acre Erehwon Farm.“We decided that its in our interest to have a small farm succeed, and have them be able to have a sustainable farm producing good food,” Mr. Trisko sai

37、d.Part of a loose but growing network mostly mobilized on the Internet, Erehwon is participating in what is known as community-supported agriculture. About 150 people have bought shares in Erehwon in essence, hiring personal farmers and turning the old notion of sharecropping on its head.The concept

38、 was imported from Europe and Asia in the 1980s as an alternative marketing and financing arrangement to help combat the often prohibitive costs of small-scale farming. But until recently, it was slow to take root. There were fewer than 100 such farms in the early 1990s, but in the last several year

39、s the numbers have grown to close to 1,500, according to academic experts who have followed the trend.“I think people are becoming more local-minded, and this fits right into that,” said Nichole D. Nazelrod, program coordinator at the Fulton Center for Sustainable Living at Wilson College in Chamber

40、sburg, Pa., a national clearinghouse for community-supported farms. “People are seeing ways to come together and work together to make this successful.”The shareholders of Erehwon Farm have open access to the land and a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and vegetables for package

41、s that range from about $300 to $900. Arrangements of fresh-cut blossoms twice a month can be included for an extra $120 or for the deluxe package, $220 will “feed the soul” with weekly bouquets of lilies and sunflowers and other local blooms.Shareholders are not required to work the fields, but the

42、y can if they want, and many do. Mr. Trisko said his family knows that without his volunteer labor and agreement to share in the financial risk of raising crops, the small organic farm might not survive. “Its very hard for them to make ends meet,” he said, “so I decided to go out and help. We harves

43、t, water, pull weeds, whatever they need doing.”Erehwon the word “nowhere” spelled backward started with two shareholders, reached its goal of 140 last year, and now has raised its target to about 200 members.1. According to the passage, growing numbers of people buy shares of farms because they（ ）.

44、2. Erehwon Farm differs from the traditional farms in that it is（ ）.3. We may infer from the passage that community-sponsored farm（ ）.4. The average shareholders of Erehwon Farm are entitled to（ ）.5. It is implied that Erehwon Farm（ ）.问题1选项A.are conscious of environmental problemsB.abandon the typic

45、al way of getting food to the tableC.no longer depend on grocery stores and farmers marketsD.like to grow vegetables themselves in the suburban farms问题2选项A.very smallB.very efficientC.community-supported agricultureD.shared by people from different places问题3选项A.is a new concept emerging in the U.S.A

46、B.has to combat with small-scale farmingC.is gradually taking shape in American agricultureD.is very popular as booming agriculture in the U.S.A问题4选项A.come together and work together on the farmB.get a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and vegetablesC.enjoy packages that range fr

47、om about $300 to $900D.buy $120-$220 fresh-cut blossoms twice a month问题5选项A.comes from the backward spelled word “nowhere”B.is a fictional name and there is no such a farm in the U.S.AC.its very hard to survive owing to its small sizeD.develops soundly, in spite of its financial difficulties【答案】第1题:

48、A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一自然段的内容“环保意识改变了将食物端上桌的传统方式，相反，越来越多的人转向了杂货店甚至农贸市场，通过购买农场的股份来直接获取来源。”由此可知，越来越多的人买农场股份是受到环保意识的影响，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“Part of a loose but growing network mostly mobilized on the Internet, Erehwon is participating in what is known as community-supported agricult

49、ure. Erehwon是松散却不断壮大的网络的一部分，主要通过互联网动员起来，他参与的是所谓的社区支持农业。”以及本段最后一句“in essence, hiring personal farmers and turning the old notion of sharecropping on its head. 从本质上说，就是雇佣私人农场主，颠覆旧的佃农制度。”由此可知，Erehwon农场和传统农场的不同之处在于它是社区支持的农业，选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据原文第五段第一句“The concept was imported from Europe and Asia in the

50、1980s as an alternative marketing and financing arrangement to help combat the often prohibitive costs of small-scale farming. 这一概念是在20世纪80年代从欧洲和亚洲引进的，作为一种替代性的销售和筹资安排，来帮助克服小规模农业通常高昂的费用。”由此可知，这不是一个新的概念，而且是来帮助而不是来和小规模农场竞争的，所以选项A和选项B均表述错误；根据本段第二句“But until recently, it was slow to take root. 但直到最近，它才慢慢

51、生根发芽”可知，这一概念刚刚生根发芽，还没有初步成形，所以选项C错误；根据本段最后一句的内容可知，像Erehwon这样的农场由以前的不到100家到现在增长到接近1500家，说明社区支持的农业在美国蓬勃发展的农业非常受欢迎。所以选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据倒数第三段的第一句“The shareholders of Erehwon Farm have open access to the land and a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and vegetables for packages that rang

52、e from about $300 to $900. Erehwon Farm的股东可以自由使用土地，并保证获得当季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例，金额从300美元到900美元不等。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。选项A目前还没有实现；选项C曲解了原文的意思；选项D不是普通股东享有的权利，所以只有选项B正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段首句“Erehwon the word “nowhere” spelled backwardErehwon这个词是由nowhere倒着写的”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。选项B在文中没有信息提及；根据倒数第二段的内容可知，Erehwon农场不是由于规模小而无法生存，属于曲解

53、原文句意，所以选项C不正确；原文也没有提及财政问题，所以选项D也不正确。11. 单选题It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently（1） qualitatively but quantitativelyhow the world works. We might（2）a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that（3）a univers

54、e like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain（4）as massive as the universe. It seems（5）that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains（6）some degree of internal stability and order. But（7）in a much mor

55、e random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much（8）than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.（9）for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have（10）us to understand

56、 something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition（11）highly unreliable guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass（12）indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness（13）the direction of motion, and time for us com

57、es as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week（14）I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einsteins（15）analysis of space and time called the Special Theo

58、ry of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not（16）the habit of traveling close to the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on（17）humans might do is frustrating. Why sho

59、uldnt we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why cant we（18）faster than the speed of light? But（19）we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only（20）us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.问题1选项A.justB.veryC.just notD.n

60、ot just问题2选项A.seeB.findC.imagineD.believe问题3选项A.make forB.make ofC.make upD.make from问题4选项A.at leastB.at mostC.at lastD.at the cost问题5选项A.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.virtually问题6选项A.wantB.demandC.requireD.acquire问题7选项A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even if问题8选项A.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greater问题9选项A.FortunatelyB.U

61、nfortunatelyC.HappilyD.Unhappily问题10选项A.providedB.preparedC.armedD.equipped问题11选项A.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to beD.turn away from问题12选项A.decreasesB.increasesC.reducesD.advances问题13选项A.inB.atC.withD.from问题14选项A.or twoB.and twoC.even twoD.of two问题15选项A.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligent问题16选项A.ofB.inC.w