2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷11

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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. A

2、ttractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Inter

3、estingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.【答案】虽然魅力对于男性晋升是一个积极因素，但对女性却是不利因素。人们认为英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且认为他们付出的努力和自身的能力使得他们成功。有魅力的女性高管却被认为没有无吸引力的高管正直，她们取得成功不是归因于能力，

4、而是运气等因素。所有无魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，尽管如此，与有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越来越多的无吸引力的女高管更多地因人际关系，较少因能力而获得成功。2. 单选题Susan is studying algebra and geometry, and （ ） shes taking microcomputer lessons.问题1选项A.in a momentB.in briefC.in additionD.in conclusion【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。in a moment“立刻，立即”；in brief“简言之”；in addition“另

5、外，此外”；in conclusion“总之，最后”。句意：Susan正在学习代数和几何学，此外，她还在学习微型计算机课程。and表示并列关系，代数，几何，微型计算机课程都是并列关系，故C项正确。3. 单选题Youre responsible to（ ） is in charge of sales.问题1选项A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.that【答案】C【解析】考查引导词。该空在从句中作主语，并引导主语从句。who表示人，常引导宾语从 句，但不引导主语从句；而whoever表示“无论是谁”(anyone who )，可引导 主语从句。故C项正确。句意：你对任何负责销售的人负责。

6、4. 单选题In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the internet. Books, compact discs. And even stocks were available from Word Wide Web sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be re

7、luctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $7.3 billion o

8、f goods over the internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, h

9、owever. Internet pioneer Amazon. Com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $ 153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 million in the same period in 1997. Overall, however, the companys loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6

10、million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, A had a stock market value of many billion, reflecting investors optimism about the future of industry.Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided efficient means for reaching milli

11、ons of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. 33. Selling online carried its own risks, however. With so many companies competing for consumers attention, price competition was intense and profit margins thin or nonexistent. One video ret

12、ailer sold he hit movie Titanic for $9.99, undercutting the $19.99 suggested retail price and losing about $6 on each copy sold. With Internet retailing still in its initial stage, companies seemed willing to absorb such losses in an attempt to establish a dominant market position.1. Which of the fo

13、llowing is TRUE, according to the writer?2. Finding a bargain on the internet was getting easier partly because（ ）.3. “For all the consumer interest” （Paragraphs） means（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that A（ ）.5. Investors are interested in Internet retailing because（ ） .问题1选项A.Consumers

14、are reluctant to buy things on the internet.B.Consumers are too busy to buy things on the internet.C.Internet retailing is a profitable business.D.More and more consumers prefer internet shopping.问题2选项A.there were more and more Internet usersB.there were more and more online auctionsC.the consumers

15、had more money to spendD.there were more goods available in the Internet问题3选项A.to the interest of all the consumersB.for the interest of all the consumersC.though consumers are very much interestedD.all the consumers are much interested问题4选项A.will probably make a profit in 2001B.is making a profit n

16、owC.is a company that sells books onlyD.suffers a greet loss on the stock market问题5选项A.selling online involves little riskB.Internet retailing is in its initial stageC.it can easily reach millions of consumersD.they can make huge profits from it.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段For a gro

17、wing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store. 然而，对于越来越多缺乏时间的消费者来说，事实证明，用家用电脑购物比开车去商店更方便。For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, 尽管有消费者感兴趣，

18、但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务，可知AC两项表述与原文相反，B项“消费者太忙而不会网上购物”表述有误。故D项“越来越多的消费者更喜欢网购”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段Finding a bargain was getting easier owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal. 由于网上拍卖和一些为了比价买最划算的产品的网站兴起，寻找便宜货变得越来越容易。可知B项正确。3.语义题。For a

19、ll the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, 尽管消费者感兴趣，但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务。接着下文列举了亚马逊的亏损。故interest在句中意为“感兴趣”，即使很多消费者喜欢网上购物，但网上零售仍是无利可图的。故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由Internet pioneer Amazon. Com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded mu

20、sic and videos互联网先驱亚马逊。1995年，该公司开始销售图书，后来又涉足录制音乐和视频。以及 analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, A had a stock market value of many billion, reflecting investors optimism about the future of industry.分析师们预计，该公司要到2001年才会盈利。尽管损失惨重，但亚马逊的股票市值仍高达数十亿美元，反映出投资者

21、对行业未来的乐观态度。可知A项“可能在2001年盈利”正确；B项与原文不符；C项“亚马逊只卖书”与原文不符；D项表述错误，亚马逊的股票一直很稳健。5.判断推理题。由最后一段“Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. 互联网零售之所以吸引

22、投资者，是因为它提供了一种有效的方式，可以接触到数以百万计的消费者，而无需花费经营传统商店的大量销售人员的成本。可知投资者对互联网零售感兴趣的原因是通过互联网能接触到很多消费者，并且能节省成本。故C项正确。5. 单选题The experienced driver looked over the engine carefully lest it（ ） on the way.问题1选项A.goes wrongB.would go wrongC.went wrongD.go wrong【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虚拟语气，谓语用 “should+动词原形，shoul

23、d可以省略。故本题答案选项为D。句意：这位有经验的司机仔细检查了发动机以免在路上发生故障。6. 单选题When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month tw

24、o longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. Im a good economic indicator, she says. I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars. So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store nea

25、r her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too she says.Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to

26、 Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coining at a crucial time. Already, experts say. holiday sales are off 7 percent from last

27、 years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospect, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own

28、fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses.” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied

29、overbidding quiets. Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three. says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would ch

30、eer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans ho

31、t new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.1. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means（ ）.2. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?3. When mentioning “the

32、$4 million to $10 million range(Lines 3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about（ ） .4. Why can many people see silver linings” to the economic slowdown?5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?问题1选项A.Spero can hardly maintain her business.B.Spero is too much engaged in her work.C

33、.Spero has grown out of her bad habit.D.Spero is not in a desperate situation.问题2选项A.OptimisticB.ConfusedC.CarefreeD.Panicked.问题3选项A.gold market.B.real estate.C.stock exchangeD.venture investment.问题4选项A.They would benefit in certain ways.B.The stock market shows signs of recovery.C.Such a slowdown u

34、sually precedes a boomD.The purchasing power would be enhanced.问题5选项A.A new boom, on the horizon.B.Tighten the belt，the single remedy.C.Caution all right, panic notD.The more ventures, the more chances.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。 But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or

35、polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to S50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. 这位47

36、岁的美甲师也没有像她想的那样修剪、填充或抛光那么多的指甲。她的大多数客户每周花费12至50美元，但上个月，两位老客户突然不再光顾。因此，斯珀罗开始缩减开支，在迪拉德位于克利夫兰郊区的家附近的中档百货商店购物，而不是去内曼马库斯(Neiman Marcus)。由此段内容可知虽然Ellen的生意没以前好了，但Ellen的生活状况并没有陷入绝望的境地。故D项正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain op

37、timistic about the economys long-term prospect, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. 但是现在还没有发出警报。消费者似乎只是担心，并没有惊慌失措，许多人说，他们对经济的长期前景仍持乐观态度，尽管他们采取了一些适度的紧缩措施。可知消费者对经济形势保持乐观态度，故A项正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, theres a new gold rush happening in the $

38、4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses.” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three. 在大多数地区，房价保持稳定。在曼哈顿，“新的淘金热在400万到1000万美元之间发生，主要是由华尔街的

39、奖金推动的。”经纪人芭芭拉科克伦说。在旧金山，房价仍在上涨，尽管疯狂的高出价已经平息。现在，你可能只会收到两三个offer，而不是20到30个。可知400万到1000万美元是指房价，整段都是围绕房价问题展开的，故B项正确。4.判断推理题。由最后一段“Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by sto

40、ck-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. 潜在的购房者会为更低的利率而欢呼。雇主们不会介意就业市场少一点泡沫。许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，投资者现在认为股市波动是持续繁荣的必要因素。用餐者可

41、能也看到了好处。要在曼哈顿炙手可热的新阿兰杜卡斯(Alain Ducasse)餐厅订到位子是不可能的，现在不是这样了。可知经济衰退也能带来一些好处。故A项正确。5.推理判断题。本文开篇用事例引出经济滑坡的话题，随后表明人们对经济下滑仍然保持乐观态度，最后指出，人们可从中可以得到不少好处。C项的“适度谨慎是必要的，无需惊慌”与本文相符，故C项正确。7. 单选题Many of the same techniques were the solution of industrial, scientific and medical problems.问题1选项A.applied forB.applied

42、 toC.applying forD.applying to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。apply for申请；apply to适用于，应用于；技术应该是运用于某些解决方案中，故先排除AC两项。技术与解决方案之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，B项正确。句意：许多相同的技巧被运用到工业，科技和医疗问题的解决方案里。8. 单选题Even though the Red Cross had（ ） large sum for the relief of the sufferers of the disaster, many people perished.问题1选项A.alienatedB.altern

43、atedC.allocatedD.ascertained【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。alienate使疏远，离间；alternate交替，轮流；allocate分配；ascertain确定，查明。能与large sum搭配的只有分配。故C项正确。句意：尽管红十字会划拨了一大笔款项来缓解遭受灾难的人们，但仍有很多人因这场灾难而死亡。9. 单选题Actually, recycling is one of the least important things we can do, if our real （ ） is to preserve natural resources.问题1选项A.su

44、bjectionB.objectiveC.excitementD.inclusion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。subjection“隶属，服从，征服”；objective“目的，目标”；excitement“兴奋，刺激”；inclusion“包含，内含物”。句意：事实上，回收利用是我们能做的最不重要的事情之一，如果我们的真正（ ）是保护自然资源的话。由不定式to preserve natural resources可知这是一种目的，故B项正确。10. 单选题This is a very big hotel and it can（ ） more than 1,000 people.问题1选

45、项A.furnishB.accommodateC.transportD.institute【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。furnish“提供，供应”；accommodate“容纳，使适应”；transport“运输”；institute“实行，建立”。句意：这是一个很大的酒店，能够容纳1000多人。只有B项符合句意。11. 单选题Planes keep in touch with the control tower（ ）.问题1选项A.on the radioB.by radioC.over the radioD.by the radio【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。on the radi

46、o“在广播中”；by radio“用无线电”。句意：飞机用无线电与控制塔保持联系。只有B项符合句意。12. 翻译题Text 1The theory of evolution offers an explanation of how the great variety of present-day animals and plants came into existence. It supposes that life on Earth began in relatively simple forms which over hundreds of millions of years gave r

47、ise, by a series of small changes, to a succession of living organisms which became more varied and more complex. Taken to its logical conclusion, the evolutionary theory must suppose that life itself evolved from non-living matter.Text 2The Olympic Games are a series of international amateur sports

48、 competitions that originated in Ancient Greece. The games began in 776 BC but were discontinued at the end of the 4th century A.D. The revival of the games took place in Athens where the first modern games were held in 1896. Since then they have been held in four year intervals in different cities

49、around the world. Several changes have taken place since the modern games were inaugurated （开创）；in 1912 women were admitted, in 1924 a separate set of winter games were established and in 1988 professional athletes were allowed to compete in some sports. Since the establishment of the modern games j

50、ust over a century ago, the number of sports, athletes and countries has steadily increased.【答案】Text 1进化论解释了现代动植物的多样性是如何产生的。它假定地球上的生命以相对简单的形式开始，经过数亿年的时间，通过一系列微小的变化发展为一连串复杂多样的生命有机体。根据进化论的逻辑结论，它必须假定生命本身是从无生命的物质进化而来的。Text 2奥运会起源于古希腊，是集国际业余体育竞技活动于一身的运动会。奥运会开始于公元前776年，但在公元4世纪末中止。奥运会的复兴在雅典举行，并于1896年在 这里举行

51、了第一届现代奥运会。从此奥运会以四年一次轮流在世界各城市举行。自开办现代奥运会以来，奥运会发生了许多变化；1912年允许女子参加奥运会；1924年建立 了一届独立的冬季奥运会；1988年允许专业运动员参加一些运动项目。自现代奥运会成立一个多世纪以来，运动项目、运动员及参与国家数目稳步增长。13. 单选题（ ）, it is quite easy to drill a hole on it with laser.问题1选项A.As the diamond is hardB.How hard is the diamondC.Hard as the diamond isD.Hard although

52、 the diamond is【答案】C【解析】考查倒装用法。由前后两句的关系可知，前一个分句为让步状语， 由此知B项与D项不正确；再由as引导让步状语从句时，后面做表语的名词或形容词要放在as前来形成倒装，故C项正确。句意：钻石虽硬，但是用激光很容易钻一个洞。14. 单选题What he said in the meeting （ ） everybody present.问题1选项A.disgustedB.dismissedC.disposedD.disabled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。disgust“使厌恶，使作呕”；dismiss“解散，解雇”；dispose“处理，处置”；di

53、sable“使失去能力”。句意：他在会议上说的话使在场的每个人都（ ）。只有A项符合句意。15. 填空题Since he was a child, Don Cameron has been interested in anything which flies. He grew up on the outskirts of Glasgow and, as a student at Glasgow University, joined the University Air Squadron. 1.（ ）His grandfather was an engineer, who turned his

54、hand to making model steam engines and boats.Don Camerons first job was at Bristol Aircraft, where he worked as an engineer. He then had jobs in the steel works at Lanwem and for Rio-Tinto Zine in Bristol, working with computers. In the mid-sixties, news of American experiments with hot air balloons

55、 crossed the Atlantic, and he and a couple of friends decided to build their own balloon. Probably the first hot air balloon in western Europe, they called it The Bristol Belle 2.（ ）.At 40 he has already been halfway round the world by balloon 3.（ ）He has crossed the Channel by balloon and even flow

56、n in the Arctic Circle in one. Before you fly there，he remembers, “you are told how to build igloos and survive in the snow. Its a lovely place to fly”.In the early days”, he recalls. “I used to work night and day.” He looks down at his schedule for the next few days. It includes a drive to France t

57、o make a delivery, plus reading proofs of a ballooning handbook he has written. “I still dont take it very easy.” he says. He started the business in the basement of the large Victorian house, where he lives with his wife Kin and two children. 4.（ ）. They include specially designed balloons for adve

58、rtising purposes. The firm exports all over the world and is setting up a factory in America, where balloons will be made for them under license. 5.（ ）.【答案】1.D2.E3.B4.C5.A【解析】1.D项提到了family tradidion 家庭传统，与空格后面的内容即对爷爷的介绍对应。2.由空格前的内容“he and a couple of friends decided to build their own balloon. Proba

59、bly the first hot air balloon in western Europe, they called it The Bristol Belle. 他和几个朋友决定自己造一个气球。可能是西欧的第一个热气球，他们叫它布里斯托尔贝尔。”可知卡梅伦与他的朋友决定自己造气球，并且创造了西欧第一个热气球。E项讲述的是他们公司的成就，现在本国就有300个热气球。有三分之二的热气球是由卡梅伦的公司制作的。能与下文自然衔接。3.At 40 he has already been halfway round the world by balloon 40岁时，他已经乘气球环游了半个世界。这句为

60、本段的中心句，接下来应该会提到他乘坐热气球去过的地方。故B项正确。4.此空前面He started the business in the basement of the large Victorian house, where he lives with his wife Kin and two children. 他在一幢维多利亚时代的大房子的地下室里开始了他的生意，他和他的妻子及两个孩子住在那里。此空与过去进行对比，讲述仙子它的公司很有前途。由空格后的They include specially designed balloons for advertising purposes. 其中

61、包括为广告目的而特别设计的气球,也可知they是指代热气球。故C项正确。5.文章最后讲述了卡梅伦公司的成就，A项用具体的数字能让人更清楚地知道这家公司的成功。故A项正确。16. 单选题A（ ） translation is not always the closest to original meaning.问题1选项A.liberalB.literateC.literalD.literacy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。liberal“自由主义的，慷慨的”；literate“受过教育的，精通文学的”；literal“文字的，逐字的”。句意：逐字翻译往往不是最贴近原文意思的翻译。只有D项符

62、合句意。17. 单选题We（ ） his idea for a change in our process of car manufactures, and decided to stick to the old one instead.问题1选项A.dejectedB.projectedC.rejectedD.objected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。deject使沮丧，使灰心；project设计，计划；reject拒绝，排斥；object 提出作为反对的理由。句意：我们拒绝了他改变我们汽车制造方法的想法，并且决定坚持原来的方法。 由decided to stick to the ol

63、d one instead可知C项“拒绝”符合题意，故C项正确。18. 翻译题大多数中国人十分看重自己的工作，觉得工作会使自己成为团体的一部分。他们相 信，工作可以让他们产生归属感。换言之，要得到社会的承认，就必须工作。许多 中国经理和员工努力工作，力求保住在公司的职位，原因就是这个。【答案】Most Chinese value their jobs very much, and feel that it makes them part of a community and they believe that work gives them a sense of belonging. In other words, in o