2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷24

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There are nominees，like “Lone Survivor”，that wont win the 2014 Oscars, but（ ）your attention, because each is a stunning performance that will endure for quite some time.问题1选项A.suspendB.surpassC.deriveD.deserve【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。由but以及because引导的句子句意“因为每个都是非常精彩的会

2、持续很长一段时间的表演”可知这些表演值得别人关注。故D项正确。句意：有些提名影片，比如孤独的幸存者（Lone Survivor），不会获得2014年奥斯卡奖，但是值得引起你的注意，因为每个都是非常精彩的会持续很长一段时间的表演。2. 单选题Located in the Free Trade Zone, the trade center sells goods imported from Europe, offering nearly 17,000 products from 52（ ）European brands.问题1选项A.well-knownB.overseasC.ready-made

3、D.counterfeit【答案】A【解析】A选项well-known表示“著名的，众所周知的”；B选项overseas表示“海外的，国外的”；C选项ready-made表示“现成的，做好的，平凡的，陈旧的”；D选项counterfeit表示“仿造的，假冒的”。 分析句子可知，空缺处单词修饰European brands，因此只有A选项最符合句意。故本题正确答案为A选项。句意：该贸易中心位于自由贸易区，销售从欧洲进口的商品，提供来自52个知名欧洲品牌的近17000种产品。3. 单选题One of the requirements for a fire is that the material（

4、 ）to its burning temperature.问题1选项A.be heatedB.is heatedC.would be heatedD.to heat【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。该句中有requirement,故从句谓语动词用should +动词原形，should可以省略。故A项符合题意。句意：对火的要求之一是材料应该被加热到使其燃烧的温度。4. 单选题Although he had been given several traffic tickets, the driver（ ）that he had not been responsible for a single ac

5、cident.问题1选项A.defendedB.acknowledgedC.inferredD.contended【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。defend辩护；acknowledged承认，确认；inferred 推测；contended 主张，为竞争。句意：尽管他收到了几张交通罚单，但司机辩护称他对这几起交通事故都没有责任。由Although可知前后两句是让步关系。虽然该司机收到几张罚单，但他辩护.故A项符合句意。5. 单选题Satellite photographs can provide information on（ ）rain are falling.问题1选项A.which w

6、here and how muchB.where and howC.which and howD.where and how much【答案】D【解析】考查引导词。句意：卫星照片可以提供关于降雨区域以及降雨量的信息。on后面接定语从句，从句的主语已经有引导词连接，不再用which。故D项正确。6. 单选题Within that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuriesfrom Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn-few can rival the cultura

7、l impact of Sherlock Holmes. Since his first public appearance 20 years ago, the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywherein crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books.At Holmes

8、side, of course, was his trusted friend Dr. Watson. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his literary ambition. His name: Arthur Conan Doyle. As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself b

9、ecome something of a cult figure, the object of countless critical studies, biographies and fan clubs.Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, in a respectable middle-class Catholic family. Still, it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money; they moved frequently in search of lower

10、rents; and his father, a civil servant and illustrator was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized. Yet the early letters he wrote to his mother are surprisingly optimistic, concerned mainly with food, clothes, allowances and school work. At 14 came his first unforgettable visit to London, incl

11、uding Madame Tussauds, where he was delighted with the room of Horrors, and the images of the murderers.A superb student, Conan Doyle went on to medical school, where he was attracted by Dr. Joseph Bell, a professor with an uncanny ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their mouths. F

12、or a time he worked as Bells outpatient clerk and would watch, amazed, at how the location of a callus could reveal a mans profession, or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once lived in Bermuda. In 1886, Conan Doyle outlined his first novel, A Study in Scarlet, which he

13、described as a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money. Its main character, initially called Sherringford Hope and later called Sherlock Holmes, was based largely on Bell. But Holmes first appearance went almost unnoticed, and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to

14、 writing long historical novels in the style of Sir Walter Scottnovels that he was convinced would make his reputation. It wasnt to be. In 1888, Holmes reappeared in A Scandal in Bohemia， a short story in Strand Magazine. And this time, its hero took an immediate hit and Conan Doyles life would neve

15、r be the same.1. Which of the following is NOT proper in describing Sherlock Holmes?2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Conan Doyle and his family?3. Conan Doyle felt（ ）about his first visit to London.4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（ ）.5. Conan Doyles short stor

16、y A Scandal in Bohemia turned out to be（ ）at last.问题1选项A.SociableB.RationalC.CunningD.Intelligent问题2选项A.He came from a middle-class family.B.His mother had received little education.C.His father was addicted to drinking.D.They led a hard life in Edinburgh.问题3选项A.awfulB.pleasantC.memorableD.horrible问

17、题4选项A.the more calluses a person has, the more professional he would beB.writers often base their writing on personal experiencesC.inspiration was very important for a person to create somethingD.Conan Doyle has gone through a period of hardship on his way to success问题5选项A.ridiculousB.powerfulC.succ

18、essfulD.frustrating【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：下列哪一项不适合描述夏洛克福尔摩斯？根据原文第一段第二句“Since his first public appearance 20 years ago, the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywherein crime lit

19、erature, film and television, cartoons and comic books”可知，福尔摩斯的形象是：有着弯曲烟斗和喜好可卡因的绅士，善于演绎推理和精心伪装的大师，并且在犯罪文学、电影、电视、漫画和漫画书中都留下了印记。由此可知，B、C、D选项均属于对福尔摩斯人物的描述，但原文并未提及他的社交方面，由此可判断B选项错误。故本题正确答案为A选项。2.细节事实题。题干询问：下列对柯南道尔和他的家庭描述中哪一项表述不正确？根据原文第三段可知，柯南道尔出生于爱丁堡一个中产阶级家庭，生活并不轻松，钱总是不够用，还得经常搬家。他的父亲是个公务员兼插画家，还是个酒鬼，不得不送

20、去了收容机构。由此可判断A、C、D选项描述均正确。在原文中并没有过多提到福尔摩斯的母亲，只提到他早期给母亲写过信，因此无从判断他母亲接受教育的情况。因此本题正确答案为B选项。3.细节事实题。题干询问：柯南道尔对第一次伦敦之行感到。根据题干关键信息“his first visit to London”可定位到原文第三段最后一句，作者用到了“unforgettable”来描述，由此可知这段旅行应该是“难忘的”。故本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：由文章最后一段可推断得出。原文最后一段讲述的是柯南道尔经历了种种失败和挫折后最后取得成功的故事。由此可以判断D选项表述正确。由原文最后一段第

21、二句“For a time he worked as Bells outpatient clerk and would watch, amazed, at how the location of a callus could reveal a mans profession”可知，老茧的位置可以揭示一个人的职业，但并不表示老茧越多，他就越专业，可判断A选项表述错误。原文只是提到柯南道尔的其中一部文学作品是以Bell医生为原型，但无法得出作家经常以个人经历作为写作基础，可排除B选项。C选项“灵感对于个人创作非常重要”不能由原文最后一段推断得出，也可排除。故本题正确答案为D选项。5.推理判断题。题

22、干询问：柯南道尔的短篇小说波西米亚丑闻最终被证明是（ ）。根据题干关键信息定位到原文最后一段最后两句。由原文信息可知，1888年，福尔摩斯在Strand杂志上刊登了短篇小说波西米亚丑闻，这篇小说的男主角风靡一时，柯南道尔的人生也因此发生了变化。由此可以判断，柯南道尔的小说最后大获成功。本题正确答案为C选项7. 单选题The first stroke guidelines to specifically target women（ ）prevention earlier in life and recognize unique female risks for the disorder, inc

23、luding pregnancy and birth control pills.问题1选项A.neglectB.avoidC.emphasizeD.admire【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。neglect忽视；avoid避免；emphasize强调；admire钦佩，赞美。由“and recognize认识到女性患这种疾病的独特风险”可知_ prevention earlier in life也是积极性的内容，C项符合句意。句意：第一份针对早期预防女性中风的指南强调女性应该早期预防，并认识到女性患中风的独特风险，包括怀孕和避孕药。8. 单选题A new military policy in

24、 China requires all personnel to meet weight limits and（ ）promotions（ ）fitness.问题1选项A.exposes.toB.attaches.toC.links.toD.opposes.to【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项exposes.to表示“暴露给”，B选项attaches.to表示“依附于，隶属于”，C选项links.to表示“把和联系到一起”，D选项opposes.to表示“反对”。由原文句意可知，中国军队一项新政策要求所有人员要满足体重限制，说明这项政策非常关注军队人员健康，由此可见会把晋升和健康联系

25、在一起。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。9. 单选题It appeared to me that they were not doing anything for the patientthey did not ask me to help,（ ）say a word.问题1选项A.they did notB.nor did theyC.they didD.didnt they【答案】B【解析】考查语法。在英语中，两个简单句之间若有逗号连接，必须要用连词或引导词。故只有B项符合题意。句意：在我看来，他们没有为病人做任何事他们没有请我帮忙，也没有说一句话。10. 单选题The poem perfec

26、tly（ ）to the reader the poets loneliness and disillusionment with the industrial society.问题1选项A.conjuresB.conveysC.consentsD.converse【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。conjure 提出，恳求，用魔法驱赶；convey表达；consent同意，准许；converse交谈，谈话。句意：这首诗完美地向读者传达了诗人对工业社会的孤独和幻灭。只有B项符合句意。11. 单选题Salary increases are useful to retain and employee

27、s, and（ ）are also a method of recognizing the employees contribution to a company.问题1选项A.motivateB.modulateC.multiplyD.mobilize【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项motivate表示“刺激，激励，促进”；B选项modulate表示“调节，调整”；C选项multiply表示“乘，繁殖，增加”；D选项mobilize表示“动员，集合，组织”。由句意可知，涨工资有利于保持和激发员工积极性，同时也是对员工贡献的认可。因此，motivate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案

28、为A选项。12. 单选题Even though Cochran beat McDaniel by more 6,000 votes in the national election, the latter didnt（ ）, complaining that African Americans voting for Cochran lost him the race.问题1选项A.tangleB.concedeC.tormentD.stalk【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项tangle表示“（和）争吵；打架；使缠结在一起”；B选项concede表示“让步，承认，退让”；C选项torm

29、ent表示“折磨，痛苦，捉弄”；D选项stalk表示“追踪，偷偷接近”。根据even though可判断前后两句为让步关系，由后文“complaining that African Americans voting for Cochran lost him the race”可知，McDaniel抱怨是非洲裔美国人投票给Cochran才导致他输掉了竞选，说明他依然对这件事耿耿于怀，可见他并不承认失败。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。13. 单选题Business tourism is very lucrative as business travelers have a higher spend

30、than leisure tourists, which（ ）creates more jobs.问题1选项A.in essenceB.in contrastC.in turnD.in part【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项in essence表示“本质上，大体上”；B选项in contrast表示“与之相反，比较起来”；C选项in turn表示“反过来，轮流”；D选项in part表示“部分地，在某种程度上”。由句意可知，商务旅游是非常有利可图的，因为商务旅行者比休闲游客有更高的消费，这（ ）创造了更多的就业机会。对比四个选项，只有D选项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。1

31、4. 单选题The football club released player Jay John Ezikpe because he did not（ ）them, but added that at the moment they did not intend to sign on any other players.问题1选项A.impactB.impressC.illuminateD.illustrate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。impact对影响，撞击；impress给深刻印象；illuminate照亮；illustrate阐明，举例说明。由前面的结果“足球俱乐部让Jay退出”可

32、猜测原因是Jay没有给人留下深刻印象。句意：足球俱乐部让Jay退出,因为他没有给他们留下深刻印象，但他补充说目前他们不打算签下任何其他球员。故B项符合题意。15. 单选题The European union, in particular, Germany, are searching opportunities to help Ukraine（ ）its economy.问题1选项A.sprayB.sponsorC.stiffenD.stabilize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项spray表示“喷射”；B选项sponsor表示“赞助，发起”；C选项stiffen表示“变硬，变猛烈

33、”；D选项stabilize表示“稳固，安定”。由句意可知，欧盟，尤其是德国，正在寻找机会帮助乌克兰稳定经济。因此，stabilize的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。16. 单选题If a school posts a students name and test score without obtaining student（or parental）consent, it can（ ）FERPA, a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records.问题1选项A.verifyB.vilifyC.v

34、iolateD.vibrate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项verify表示“核实，查证”；B选项vilify表示“诽谤，中伤，轻视”；C选项violate表示“违反，侵犯”；D选项vibrate表示“振动，颤动，摇摆”。由句意可知，如果学校在没有得到学生（或家长）同意的情况下公布学生的姓名和考试成绩，它就违反了联邦法律。因此，violate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。17. 翻译题Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for many of the bes

35、t and brightest college students: in high school, many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers, but their relatives and friends soon convince them to change their minds.（1）According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public schooling, teachings lack of appeal

36、 for the brightest college students is one of the teaching professions most worrisome problems.Many articles on teaching, currently popular in newspapers, magazines, and professional education journals, concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching; the expression teacher burnout is commonly ascri

37、bed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated teachers who are leaving the profession.（2）Teacher burnout is caused by such problems as violence in the classroom，vandalism（肆意破坏行为）inadequate salaries，involuntary transfers, interfering parents, oversized classes, and excessive paperwork. Even the best t

38、eachers cannot solve a childs problems, but many of them believe the public expects them to, and they give up teaching in despair.（3）Despite the more limited financial prospects, the deterioration of the American publics attitude toward teachers, and the problems caused by disruptive students，many o

39、f the best students conclude that they want to pursue careers in the classroom after all. They usually discover that they want personal fulfillment from their lifes work more than they want material rewards. Each eventually chose to become a teacher. However, a growing body of evidence shows that su

40、ch students are exceptions, rather than the rule, in Americas more than 1,200 teacher-training programs. Many teacher-training schools are beginning to look at ways to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching. The teaching profession has to become more

41、 attractive to good students.（4）Prospective teachers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations，state certification agencies，and local districts on improving the status of the profession, as well as on improving teacher salaries. Continued efforts to eliminate jobs teachers do tha

42、t are not teacherssuch as policing the restrooms, hallways, and cafeteriasare important for upgrading the profession.While teaching is not a wise career choice for all, teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from their lifes work.（4）Though the fir

43、st year of teaching is frequently the most frustrating year in a teachers life, the experience of solving problems that deal with instruction, students, parents, administrators, and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.Put the underlined sentences in the following passage into

44、 Chinese.【答案】1.根据最近几份关于美国公立学校教育缺点的报告，对最聪明的大学生来说，教学缺乏吸引力是教师行业最令人担忧的问题之一。2.教师的职业倦怠是由以下问题引起的:教室里的暴力行为、故意破坏、工资不高、非自愿的调动、家长的干预、班级规模过大和作业批改工作过多。3. 尽管教师的经济前景更加有限，美国公众对教师态度的恶化，以及破坏性学生造成的问题，然而许多优秀的学生还是决定想在教室里追求事业。4.未来的教师将看到国家教师组织、国家认证机构和当地对提高教师职业地位以及提高教师工资的重视。5.虽然第一年的教学往往是教师生涯中最令人沮丧的一年，但解决与指示、学生、家长、管理员和同事有关的

45、问题的经验对未来的成功具有不可估量的价值。18. 单选题Japan became the top investment destination for Chinese property investment in 2014 due to the（ ）of the Japanese yen.问题1选项A.attachmentB.amendmentC.depreciationD.abbreviation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项attachment表示“附件，依恋”；B选项amendment表示“修正，改正”；C选项depreciation表示“折旧，贬值”；D选项abbrevia

46、tion表示“缩写，简写”。由原文句意可知，2014年日本成为中国房地产投资的首选投资目的地是因为日元（ ）。因此，depreciation最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。19. 单选题Speakers and listeners are often at odds: language that is easy for the receiver to understand is often difficult to produce, and that which is easily formulated can be hard to（ ）.问题1选项A.comprehendB.ignore

47、C.confirmD.defend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽视，不理睬confirm 确认，确定； defend辩护。由前半句可知说话者与接受者之间存在矛盾，故后面可推知这两者之间还存在另一种矛盾，即容易表达的话却难以理解。故A项正确。句意：说话者和倾听者常常意见不一致:容易让接受者理解的语言往往很难产生，而容易表达的语言却很难理解。20. 单选题Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soils and minerals as well as artificial materials throug

48、h contact with the Earths atmosphere, biota and waters. Weathering occurs in situ, or with no movement, and thus should not be confused with erosion, which involves the movement of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, snow, wind and gravity.Two important classifications of weathering pro

49、cesses exist - physical and chemical weathering. Mechanical or physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure. The second classification, chemical weathering, involves the direct effect of atmosp

50、heric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals（also known as biological weathering）in the breakdown of rocks, soils and minerals.The materials left over after the rock breaks down combined with organic material creates soil. The mineral content of the soil is determined by the parent material, t

51、hus a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good fertility, while a soil weathered from a mix of rock types（as in glacial, aeolian or alluvial sediments）often makes more fertile soil. In addition many of Earths landforms and landscapes are the result

52、 of weathering processes combined with erosion and re-deposition.Chemical weathering changes the composition of rocks, often transforming them when water interacts with minerals to create various chemical reactions. Chemical weathering is a gradual and ongoing process as the mineralogy of the rock a

53、djusts to the near surface environment. New or secondary minerals develop from the original minerals of the rock. In this the processes of oxidation and hydrolysis are most important.The process of mountain block uplift is important in exposing new rock strata to the atmosphere and moisture, enablin

54、g important chemical weathering to occur; significant release occurs of Ca+ and other minerals into surface waters.Rainfall is acidic because atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the rainwater producing weak carbonic acid. In unpolluted environments, the rainfall PH is around 5.6. Acid rain occur

55、s when gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are present in the atmosphere. These oxides react in the rain water to produce stronger acids and can lower the PH to 4.5 or even 3.0. Sulfur dioxide, SO2, comes from volcanic eruptions or from fossil fuels, can become sulfuric acid within rain

56、water, which can cause solution weathering to the rocks on which it falls.Some minerals, due to their natural solubility（e.g. evaporites）, oxidation potential（iron-rich minerals, such as pyrite）, or instability relative to surficial conditions（see Goldich dissolution series）will weather through diss

57、olution naturally, even without acidic water.1. Which of the following is NOT true about weathering?2. Soil is created by（ ）.3. In chemical weathering,（ ）.4. Rainwater（ ）.5. Which of the following might serve as an appropriate title for this passage?问题1选项A.It is erosion with no movement when it is c

58、aused by water.B.There exist two important classifications of weathering processes.C.It occurs through contact with the Earths atmosphere, biota and waters.D.Both physical and chemical weathering involve the breakdown of rocks and soils.问题2选项A.erosion and re-depositionB.minerals derived from rocksC.

59、organic material left over by weatheringD.the breakdown of rocks combined with organic material问题3选项A.oxidation and hydrolysis are most important processesB.chemical reactions happen only in waterC.chemical reactions occur very quicklyD.new rocks are formed from reactions问题4选项A.contains weak acid wh

60、en it is found in areas affected by volcanic eruptionsB.is acidic when it is found in polluted environmentsC.can lower the PH of underground waterD.can cause solution weathering to rocks问题5选项A.Rainwater PollutionB.Weathering of RockC.The Creation of Fertile SoilD.Physical and Chemical Weathering【答案】

61、第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据原文第一段第一句可知，风化作用是指岩石、土壤、矿物以及人工材料通过与地球大气、生物群和水的接触而进行分解，可判断C选项表述正确。由原文第二段第二句可知，风化发生在原地，或“发生时没经过运动”，因此不应与侵蚀相混淆，后者涉及水、冰、雪、风和重力等因素造成的岩石和矿物的运动，由此可以判断A选项正确。由第二段第一句可知，存在两种重要的风化作用类型物理风化和化学风化，所以可判断B选项正确。根据原文第二段第二句可知，机械或物理风化包括岩石和土壤通过直接接触大气条件而分解，如热，水，冰和压力。而化学风化（也称为生物风化）主要涉及

62、大气化学物质或生物产生的化学物质对岩石、土壤和矿物的破坏的直接影响。由此可以判断D选项表述错误。故本题正确答案为D选项。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息可定位到原文第三段第一句“The materials left over after the rock breaks down combined with organic material creates soil”。由此可知，岩石分解后剩下的物质与有机物质结合形成了土壤。因此本题正确答案为D选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“Chemical weathering”定位到原文第四段。由原文信息可知，化学风化改变了岩石的成分，当水与矿物相互作用时，常常使岩石发生变化，产生各种化学反应。化学风化是岩石矿物学逐渐适应近地表环境的过程。新矿物或次生矿物由岩石的原始矿物发展而来。在这个过程中，氧化和水解过程是最重要的。由此可判断A选项表述正确。化学反应在水与矿物相互作用是发生的，并不是在水里，因此可判断B选项错误。化学风化是逐渐发生的过程，因此可判断C选项表述错误。而这些化学反应的产物