2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷45

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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say

2、no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of

3、the role of globalization as a force for good,” he said. “Incomes in many countries have declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Lat

4、in America and Asia.”Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems,” h

5、e said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.”Others feel that globalizations cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawed,

6、a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. “Most of the worlds dialects will become extinct under globalization. Were paving the world with McDonalds and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.Governments of different countries have

7、had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing n

8、ations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak of,” says one Singaporean resident. “Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance.” Others, however, are not so optimistic. “Globaliza

9、tion is an evil force that must be halted,” a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, “Its sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country.”1.As for globalization, Michael Tenets attitude to it is most probably to be in（ ） .2.The views of Michael Tenet and George Frank o

10、n globalization are quite （ ）.3.When mentioning Janice Yawed, the author is talking about（ ） .4.According to paragraph 5, different countries consider globalization as （ ）.5.The title which best expresses the main idea of the text would be（ ） .问题1选项A.firm supportB.cautious approvalC.great anxietyD.s

11、trong repentance问题2选项A.optimisticB.identicalC.worryingD.contrary问题3选项A.her local culture and languageB.the cultural implications of globalizationC.McDonalds and English slangD.the economic impact of globalization问题4选项A.a mixed blessingB.an evil forceC.an active stimulusD.an intervention in their dom

12、estic affairs问题5选项A.Disadvantages of Globalization in Economic AreaB.Peoples Responses to the Impacts of GlobalizationC.Influence of Globalization on the Economy and CultureD.Different Roles of Globalization in the Development of Economy【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据关键词“Michael Tenet”定位到第

13、二段第一句“Michael Tenet, ., is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization.”说明Michael Tenet对全球化的态度是担忧的。选项C正确。2.根据上题可知Michael Tenet对全球化感到担忧，而根据第三段第一句“Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger.”George Frank却没有察觉到这样的危

14、险。说明两个人的观点态度是截然相反的，所以选项D正确。3.根据关键词“Janice Yawed”定位到第四段第二句“Janice Yawed, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language.”Janice Yawed是非洲土著人，她强烈地感觉到全球化正在破坏当地的文化和语言。作者实际上是在说明全球化对文化的影响，所以选项B正确。4.根据第五段的内容可知，不同国家的政府对全球化浪潮反应不一样。美国被普遍认为是自由贸易的积极支持者，而且几乎垄断了

15、全球的娱乐，具有巨大的文化影响力。但是，其他国家，特别是欧洲和发展中国家， 已经设法减少全球化对其国内事务的影响。也就是说，全球化有利也有弊，所以选项A正确。5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的问题，接下来的几段都是分别阐述人们乃至国家对全球化影响的反应。所以选项B最能概括全文。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:2. 单选题Many mental institutions throughout the country have been turned into dumping grounds for thousands of oldsters who have no place else to go.

16、 Most of them arent really mentally ill. In the jargon of the hospital bureaucracy, they are classified as “inappropriate admissions.” But since society has nothing better to offer, they are left to rot without hope, help, or dignity. The usual exit is death.Often through no fault of their own , und

17、erstaffed and overcrowded mental hospitals handle their “geriatric cases” little better than cattle. There is a recurrent pattern of elderly patients locked into wards to prevent them from wandering about, given steady doses of tranquilizers to keep them “manageable”, left day and night without a tr

18、ace of human warmth or companionship.Some hospitals have wards full of elderly, tranquilized patients, bodies bloated from their inactive, meaningless existences, sitting listlessly on hard benches or sprawled asleep on the floor. There are women, silent as statues, occupying chairs and rockers in t

19、he corridors. While the weather may be beautiful outdoors, old men may indifferently shuffle about a geriatric “cottage” with nowhere to go and nothing to do.Yet many of the people could be restored to human dignity, not by complicated therapeutic procedures, but among other things, by providing goo

20、d medical care and reaching out a hand of kindness towards them.It is estimated that one half of the old people in state mental hospitals today could leave if proper community resources, services and programs were available. But an indifferent society has not made them available.1.The main idea of t

21、his passage is that（ ）.2.“Geriatric”in paragraph 2 refers to people who are（ ） .3.We may infer that the author（ ） .4.The author believes that the real blame lies with（ ）.问题1选项A.most old people need family careB.good care for the elderly is costlyC.many old people are living out their last years in m

22、ental institutionsD.old people should be taken out of doors when the weather is pleasant问题2选项A.oldB.lonelyC.mentally illD.physically sick问题3选项A.is indifferent to the status quo of the hospitalsB.is sympathetic to the situation of the elderlyC.is optimistic towards the future of the elderlyD.is hosti

23、le towards the mental hospital staff问题4选项A.the societyB.the mental institutionsC.the elderlyD.the hospital bureaucracy【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.根据文章内容可知,首段第一句为全文主旨句。“Many mental institutions throughout the country have been turned into dumping grounds for thousands of oldsters who have no place

24、else to go.”全国各地的许多精神病院已经变成了接纳成千上万没有去处的老年人的垃圾场。选项C符合原文。2.根据原文句意:人手不足、人满为患的精神病院在处理“ 病例”时就像对待牲口一样。上一段提到,大多数进精神病院的都是老人,并且他们没有真正的精神疾病,也不是因为孤独或者生病才进来的,所以“geriatric”指的是老年人。选项A正确。3.根据最后一段的内容可知,如果有适当的社区资源、服务和项目,现在州立精神病院的老人可以离开一半。但是冷漠的社会并没有提供这些服务。说明作者更多的是同情这些老人,选项B正确。4.根据最后一段最后一句“But an indifferent society h

25、as not made them available.”但是冷漠的社会并没有提供这些服务。说明作者认为真正的过错在于社会,选项A正确。3. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on “Is it worthwhile for you to make efforts in order to achieve your future success?” The essay should be based on the outlines below:Outli

26、ne:1) Some people believe that making efforts is useless if you dont have a parent with power or money to help you with your future success.2) Others maintain that such practice would be harmful, especially for young people and making efforts is crucial and should be encouraged.3) Your opinions.【答案】

27、【参考范文】Is it worthwhile for you to make efforts in order to achieve your future success?4. 单选题Because of the close （ ）of architects and builders, the building was completed ahead of schedule.问题1选项A.simulationB.compositionC.collaborationD.inflation【答案】C【解析】simulation模拟；composition作曲, 构成；collaboration合

28、作；inflation膨胀。句意:由于建筑师和施工人员的密切合作, 这座建筑提前完工。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake

29、 of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitchs latest book, Left Back : A

30、Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to expl

31、oitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “we will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“In

32、tellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U. S. politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hof

33、stadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers th

34、ought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti- intellectualism.

35、 Its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligenc

36、e seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, thinks, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their

37、 hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”1.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?2.We can learn from the passage that Americans have a history of（ ）.3.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are

38、（ ）.4.Emerson, according to the passage, is probably （ ）.5.What does the author think of intellect?问题1选项A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the world.C.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.问题2选项A.undervaluing intellectB.favoring in

39、tellectualismC.supporting school reformD.suppressing native intelligence问题3选项A.identicalB.similarC.complementaryD.opposite问题4选项A.a pioneer of education reformB.an opponent of intellectualismC.a scholar in favor of intellectD.an advocate of regular schooling问题5选项A.It evolves from common sense.B.It is

40、 second to intelligence.C.It is to be pursued.D.It underlies power.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.”学校是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是为了知识而追求知识的地方。选项C符合原文。2.根据第四段最后两句，Hof

41、stadter说，从我们的历史开始，我们对民主和平民主义的渴望就驱使我们拒绝任何带有精英主义的东西。实用性、常识和天生的智慧被认为比你从书本上学到的任何东西都要高尚。由此可以推断，美国有不重视知识的历史。选项A符合原文。3.根据第二段可知，Ravitch认为学校处于一个实用性比知识更重要的社会，起到一个平衡的作用。根据第五段的内容可知，Emerson认为学校和严格的书本学习人为地限制了孩子。由此可知，两人的观点是截然相反的。选项D正确。4.根据第五段的内容可知，爱默生认为学校教育限制了孩子的发展，下文提到马克吐温的哈克贝利费恩历险记就是美国反智主义的一个例证。书中主人公为了避免被教化上学和学习

42、阅读这样他就能保持他与生俱来的善良。由此可知，他们持相同的观点，都是反智主义，选项B正确。5.结合文章内容可知，作者大部分内容都是在探讨美国对知识的不重视，而作者对此是持批判的态度，作者鼓励人们追求知识。选项C符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:6. 单选题Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any（ ） of what I said.问题1选项A.noticeB.remarkC.observationD.attention【答案】A【解析】take notice of为固定短语，意为：注意到，留意。句意：虽然我跟他说过很多

43、次，但他从来没有注意到我说的话。选项A符合句意。7. 写作题Directions: You are asked to write an invitation letter to Professor Smith at Oxford University who will attend the International Symposium 2017 on Economy and Environmental Protection, which will be hosted by your university. He will be one of the key-note speakers, an

44、d you should provide him with the necessary information about this symposium: duration, accommodation and transportation.1) The title should be “An Invitation Letter”.2) You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.3) Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

45、【答案】【参考范文】An Invitation Letter8. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies o

46、f the school personnel or they can consciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscri

47、pt writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the years as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achie

48、ving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuade

49、d to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to

50、assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggesti

51、ons for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fost

52、ering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the passage is that （ ）.2.The author directly discusses the fact that（ ）.3.It can reasonably be inferred that the author（ ）.4.The author implies that（ ）.5.The authors primary purpose in writing this passage is to（

53、） .问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parentsB.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectivesD.there are many ways

54、 in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home问题2选项A.parents drill their children too much in arithmeticB.principals have explained the new art programs to parentsC.a father can have his son help him construct articles at homeD.a parents misguided efforts can be redirected to proper ch

55、annels问题3选项A.believes that schools are lacking in guidance personnelB.believes present relationships between home and school are satisfyingC.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental programD.feels that parent teacher interviews can be made much more

56、 constructive than they are at present .问题4选项A.participation in interesting activities relating to a school subject improves ones achievement in that areaB.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parentsC.only a small part of the school day should be set apar

57、t for drilling in arithmeticD.too many children are lazy and have poor work habits问题5选项A.tell parents to pay more attention to the guidance of teachers in the matter of educational activities in the homeB.help ensure that every childs capacities can fully develop when he leaves schoolC.urge teachers

58、 and school administrators to make use of a much underused resource of the parentsD.improve the teaching approach in mathematics in and outside the classroom【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。2.根据第三段第一句“the classroom teach

59、er, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents.”课堂老师在得到上级允许的情况下，也可以起到启发家长的重要作用。第三段列举了具体的例子，所以选项D符合原文。3.根据倒数第二段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项D符合原文。4.根据第四五段的内容可知，作者暗示 参加与学校课程有关的有趣活动可以提高一

60、个人在该领域的成就。选项A符合原文。5.根据原文内容可知，本文强调父母的巨大影响不能被老师忽视或轻视，学校要和家庭联合起来，合力促进青少年能力的全面发展。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了敦促教师和学校管理者利用家长这个未得到充分利用的资源。选项C正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:9. 单选题Just four bits of information collected from a shoppers credit card can be used to identify almost anyone, researchers have found.The study in the journa

61、l Science （1） three months of credit card records for 1.1 million people in an（2 ） industrialized country.Ninety percent of individuals could be （3 ） identified using just four pieces of （4 ） , such as where they bought coffee one day or where they （5 ）a new jumper or pair of shoes.（6 ） , credit car

62、ds use was just as（7 ） at identifying someone as mobile phone records, the study found.Knowing the price of a （8 ）could boost the risk of re-identification by 22 percent.“Even data sets that（9 ）coarse information at any or all of the dimensions provide little anonymity (匿名),” the study, led by Yves-

63、Alexandre de Montjoye at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues at Aarhus University in Demark, revealed. （10 ）some of the specifics were stripped from credit card data, such as （11 ）the general area where a purchase was made instead of the （12） shop, or expanding the time range to 15 days （13 ）one, a person who would have believed themselves（14 ）could be re-identified with “just a few more（15 ）data points”, said the study.“Women are more than（16 ）men in credit card