2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷74

《2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷74》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷74（30页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I asked several villagers the way to the river, but none of them was very（ ）.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.knowledgeableC.considerateD.forthcoming【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。trustworthy“可靠的，可信赖的”；knowledgeable“知识渊博的，有知识的”；considerate“体贴的”；forthcoming“即将来临的”。句意：我问了好几个村民怎么样去那条河，但是他们

2、的说法都不可靠。A项符合题意。2. 单选题Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue

3、. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girl

4、s grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on

5、 the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughter

6、s then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most o

7、bviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a signifi

8、cant impact on health practices, including family planning.1.The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is（ ）.2.By saying “the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling .” (Para. 2), the author means that（ ）.3.The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when（

9、 ）.4.What does the author say about womens education?5.This passage mainly discusses（ ）.问题1选项A.troublesomeB.labor-savingC.rewardingD.expensive.问题2选项A.girls will turn out to be less valuable than boysB.girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsC.girls will eventually find their goals in life

10、 beyond reachD.girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home问题3选项A.women care more about educationB.girls can gain equal access to educationC.a family has fewer but healthier childrenD.parents can afford their daughters education问题4选项A.It deserves greater attention than other socia

11、l issues.B.It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C.It will yield greater returns than other known investment.D.It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.问题5选项A.unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB.the potential earning power of well-edu

12、cated womenC.the major contributions of educated women to societyD.the economic and social benefits of educating women【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文首段第一句“Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. 在发展中国家，为

13、女孩提供教育保障的回报率很可能比其他任何投资都要高。”由此可知，C选项rewarding“有回报的”符合原文。A选项troublesome“麻烦的”；B选项labor-saving“节省劳力的”；D选项expensive“昂贵的”，均不正确。2.作者意图题。根据第二段最后一句话“the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect. 这种预言变成了自我实现，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。”这一预言即破折号前面所提到的“Girls are thus seen as less valua

14、ble than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school因此，女孩被认为不如男孩有价值，她们被关在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容，作者通过列举一个受过教育的母亲的事例来阐述了恶性循环变成良性循环的情况。受过教育的母亲不会有很多孩子，能够顾及所有孩子的发展，确保她的女儿能够得到公平（接受教育）的机会。因此，她女儿的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是说，只有当女孩能够获得平等接受教育的机会

15、才能使恶性循环变成良性循环，所以选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段的第一、二句“Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. 几乎没有人会质疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社会效益。但它同样也有巨大的经济优势。”这一观点和首段第一句呼应，由此可知，作者认为女性接受教育会产生比其他投资更大的回报。所以选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容以及上一题可知，作者一直在强调女性接受教育所产生的回报，不仅具有巨大

16、的社会效益，同样也有巨大的经济优势。所以本文主要讨论的是妇女接受教育所带来的经济和社会利益，选项D符合原文。3. 单选题One child per family has become the（ ）of family in most cities in China.问题1选项A.standardsB.criteriaC.normD.I tried hard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项standards“标准；规格”；B选项criteria“标准，条件”；C选项norm“标准，规范” D选项touchstone“试金石；检验标准”。句意：一个家庭一个孩子已经成为中国大多数城市的家庭标准。

17、A, B, C选项都有 “标准”的意思，它们的区别是：standard指法定的或一般公认的标准，用途比较广泛，criteria指有特殊的确实性,令人信服而用以判断，norm是一种社会习惯(标准)，指规范、基准、定额、分配之工作量、准则。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in London recovered all the losses incurred since September 11. Th

18、e advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushing share prices back below pre-attack levels.The FTSE 100 in

19、dex of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 10 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the coming months, they remain cautiously optimistic that the FTSE 10

20、0 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediate economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well p

21、laced to absorb any further bad news.Sharp economic downturns can, perversely, be good for the market because they force firms to be more cost-efficient. Therefore, any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. Of more concern to privat

22、e investors is the impact that another terrorist attack would have on shares. If this were to happen, the market would almost certainly slump again. But history suggests that it would, once again, make up any lost ground within weeks.Experts are therefore urging private investors not to repeat their

23、 past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest. Cross said, “Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.” Mi

24、ke Lenhoff of Gerrard, the stockbroker, said that if the market hit 5 500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent. He said, “Getting back to 5 500 would be important, because if the index stayed at that level, the psychology of th

25、e market would change substantially. Defensive shares would become too expensive and big investors would start moving into value stocks, which are the type of firms that do well in an economic recovery.”But private investors could be forgiven for their pessimistic mood, as nearly all Isa buyers have

26、 suffered big losses. But investors can take some comfort from the fact that the next three months are traditionally the best-performing period of the year for the stock market. David Schwartz, the stock-market historian, said the index almost always rose in the period between November and April. Si

27、nce 1974, the market went up on 24 occasions between November and April, by an average of 15%, and dropped only three times. Schwartz said, “Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side.”1.We learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.The reason why some experts remain cautiously optimis

28、tic about the FTSE is that they believe that（ ）.3.In the present situation, corporate downsizing may（ ）.4.Experts advise private investors to avoid their past mistakes by（ ）.5.From the last sentence of the passage, we may infer that Schwartz believes that（ ）.问题1选项A.FTSE 100 index fell immediately af

29、ter September 11B.Dow Jones industrial index is now beginning to pick upC.Consumer spending is having a positive effect on the stock marketD.Share prices in America have risen contrary to most predictions问题2选项A.the American economy will be able to resist further downturnB.the Dow Jones index in New

30、York will stop tumbling soonC.the market will absorb any further shock from bad newsD.the economic situation in Britain and America will take an upturn in 6 months问题3选项A.sharp economic downturnB.produce a positive effect on sharesC.cause the market to slump againD.enable the market to regain any los

31、t ground问题4选项A.withholding any investment until the market has risen by 25%B.investing when the FTSE rallies back to 5 500C.investing only in those firms which show signs of recoveryD.investing when the stock market shows signs of upturn问题5选项A.the market will be most likely to go up between November

32、 and AprilB.the market will drop by an average of 15% between November and AprilC.the market will not likely go up in the next three monthsD.it is quite rational to take a pessimistic altitude towards the stock market【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容，在伦敦股市收复了9.11以来的全部损失后，投资者被鼓励继续将他们的

33、储蓄投入股市。尽管美国道琼斯工业平均指数在纽约被诊断出炭疽病例后在周五暴跌，该建议还是出现了。九月份，美国的消费支出也下跌了超过经济学家预测的三倍，将股价推回到袭击前的水平之下。由此可知，“911”事件后，英国富时100指数立即下跌，选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段最后两句“Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the

34、market is well placed to absorb any further bad news. 一些评论家预测，美国将经历长达6个月的经济衰退。他们还预计英国经济将急剧放缓。但分析师表示，市场已经做好准备，可以消化任何进一步的坏消息。”A选项“美国经济将能够抵御进一步的衰退”和B选项“纽约的道琼斯指数将很快停止下跌”在文中没有提及，选项D“英国和美国的经济形势将在6个月内好转”不符合原文。选项C“市场将消化任何进一步的坏消息”符合原文3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate s

35、treamlining could have a positive effect on shares. 任何有关失业率上升或公司裁员的消息，都可能对股价产生积极影响。”所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。题干意思是“专家建议私人投资者避免过去的错误，在”。根据倒数第二段第一句Experts are therefore urging private invertors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest.（

36、因此，专家们敦促私人投资者不要重蹈覆辙，不要等到股市持续上涨时才有足够的信心进行投资）和第四段if the market hit 5500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent.（如果股市达到5500点，并在这一水平附近保持数周，这将表明，进一步持续的上涨即将到来）可推断，私人投资者可以在股市好转的时候进行投资，故D项“当股票市场显示好转迹象时进行投资”正确；B项“当富时指数回升至5500点时投资”与原文不符；由I

37、ts peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.（奇怪的是，投资者觉得在股市上涨25%后投资比下跌25%时更安全；常识告诉我们，相反的措辞会更合适）可知，市场下跌25%比股市上涨25%后投资更安全，A项“在市场上涨25%之前不做任何投资”错误；C项“只投资那些有复苏迹象的公司”原

38、文没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Schwartz said, Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side. Schwartz说，今年不敢保证，但历史总是站在我们这一边。”上文提到，股票市场历史学家Schwartz 表示，股票指数在11月4月期间几乎总是上涨的。所以选项A符合原文。5. 单选题Games have been played for thousands of years and are common（1）all cultures. Throughout history

39、 and（2）the world people have used sticks to draw simple game boards on the ground,（3）up rules that incorporate stones or other common objects（4）playing pieces. About 5, 000 years ago people began to make more permanent game boards from sun-dried mud or wood.Some of the oldest board games may have ev

40、olved from methods of fortune-telling. The game of go, which many experts regard as the finest example of a pure strategy game, may have evolved from a method of fortune-telling practiced in China more than three thousand years ago, （5）black and white pieces were cast onto a square board marked with

41、 symbols of various significance. Go also involves black and white pieces on a board, but players deliberately place them on intersections of lines while trying to（6）more territory than opponent.Chess, Xiangqi (Chinese chess) and Shogi (Japanese chess) are（7）the most widely played board games in the

42、 world.（8）quite different, all three are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor either a 6th-century game played in India or an earlier game played in China.（9）the centuries, chess（10）westward to the Middle East and（11）Europe, with rules（12）frequently. The game also spread（13）to Korea and J

43、apan,（14）in very different rules changes.For most of human history, a game could not（15）much popularity unless it was（16） easy for players to make their own equipment. The（17）of printing (which occurred in the mid-1400s in the West) made this process easier, but it was（18）the advance of the 18th-cen

44、tury Industrial Revolution that it became possible to mass-produce many new（19）of games. Twentieth-century technological advances such as the invention of plastic and the computer revolution led to the creation of more games, and more new kinds of games, than in all previous centuries（20）.问题1选项A.for

45、B.withC.toD.by问题2选项A.roundB.aroundC.overD.through问题3选项A.to makeB.makeC.makingD.made问题4选项A.forB.atC.overD.as问题5选项A.whenB.in thatC.in whichD.which问题6选项A.attackB.surroundC.protectD.charge问题7选项A.amongB.ofC.withD.from问题8选项A.ForB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Moreover问题9选项A.DuringB.WithinC.PastD.Over问题10选项A.develope

46、dB.spreadC.passedD.covered问题11选项A.intoB.beyondC.insideD.in问题12选项A.changedB.changeC.changingD.changes问题13选项A.eastB.easternC.westwardD.eastward问题14选项A.resultedB.resultingC.resultD.results问题15选项A.gainB.reachC.winD.collect问题16选项A.lessB.moreC.fairlyD.enough问题17选项A.creationB.discoveryC.designD.invention问题

47、18选项A.untilB.not untilC.tillD.not till问题19选项A.varietiesB.varietyC.differenceD.differences40.问题20选项A.combiningB.combinationC.combinedD.combine【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:A第13题:D第14题:B第15题:A第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。common to意为“共同的；共有的；为所共用”。选项C正确

48、。2.考查固定搭配。around the world意为“世界各地；全世界”。选项B正确。3.考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词have used，所以填空处应填入非谓语；其次，句子的主语是people，是制定规则这个动作的执行者，所以应使用现在分词形式。选项C正确。4.考查介词辨析。根据句意“世界各地的人们都用木棍在地上画出简单的棋盘，并把石头或其他常见物品作为棋子来制定游戏规则。”这里表示“作为”，所以选项D符合语境。5.考查引导词。根据句意“围棋，许多专家认为是最好的纯策略游戏的例子，可能是由3000多年前中国的一种算命方法演变而来的。在这种算命方法中，将黑白的棋子投在标有各

49、种意义符号的正方形棋盘上。”分析句子结构和句意可知，填空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a method of fortune-telling，引导词在从句中做方式状语，所以引导词为in which。选项C正确。6.考查动词辨析。A选项attack“攻击，袭击”；B选项surround“围绕”；C选项protect“保护”；D选项charge“掌控，掌管”。根据句意可知，原文指棋手故意将棋子放置在线的交叉点上，试图占据比对手更多的地盘。所以选项D更符合语境。7.考查固定搭配。be of指“具有的性质”。在这里指“这三类象棋是世界上使用最广泛的棋类游戏”，表示“具有广泛使用的性质”，所以选项

50、B正确。8.考查逻辑连词。根据句意“尽管（这三类象棋）完全不同，但人们认为这三种游戏都是从一个共同的祖先演变而来的要么是6世纪的印度游戏，要么是更早的中国游戏。”选项C符合原文语境。9.考查固定搭配。over the centuries意为“几个世纪以来”。所以选项D正确。10.考查动词辨析。A选项develop“开发，生长”；B选项spread“传播”；C选项pass“通过”；D选项cover“包括，覆盖”。根据句意“几个世纪以来，国际象棋向西传到中东”以及下文的“spread”可知，选项B正确。11.考查固定搭配。spread into意为“传播到，蔓延到”。这里指“国际象棋向西传到中东，

51、并传入欧洲.”。所以选项A符合句意。12.考查分词结构。分析句子结构可知，这里是做伴随状语，所以填空处应填入分词结构，由此可首先排除选项B和选项D；其次，规则是“被改变”，应使用被动语态，所以这里应使用过去分词结构表被动，选项A正确。13.考查上下文语义。根据上文的spread westward to可知，这里应填入和“westward”词性相同的单词，再根据句意可知，这里表达的是向东传播，所以选项D正确。14.考查分词结构。根据句意“这项游戏还向东传到了韩国和日本，导致规则发生了不同的变化。”这里应填入现在分词结构表伴随，所以选项B正确。15.考查动词辨析。A选项gain “获得”；B选项r

52、each“到达”；C选项win“赢得”；D选项collect“收集”。根据句意可知，这里指获得名气，所以选项A符合语境。C选项win一般指“赢得游戏，获得胜利”，放在此处不如gain恰当，所以不选。16.考查副词辨析。A选项less“更少地”；B选项more“更大程度地”；C选项fairly“相当地”；D选项enough“足够地，充足地”。分析句子可知，句子结构完整，不缺少成分，所以填空处填入的应是副词；再根据句意可知，这里应该是指玩家能够相当容易地制作自己的装备。所以选项C符合语境。17.考查名词辨析。A选项creation“创造”；B选项discovery“发现”；C选项design“设计

53、”；D选项invention“发明”。根据原文可知，这里指“印刷术的发明”，所以选项D符合原文语境。18.考查固定用法。It was not until that.意为“直到才”。根据句意“直到18世纪工业革命的推进，才有可能大规模生产许多新种类的游戏。”所以选项B正确。19.考查固定搭配。variety of意为“各种各样的”。所以选项B正确。20.考查分词结构。根据句意“二十世纪的技术进步，如塑料的发明和计算机革命，创造出了更多甚至是不同种类的游戏，比之前所有世纪的加起来还要多。”这里表达的是“所有数据被结合起来进行对比”，所以应使用过去分词形式，选项C正确。6. 单选题Parents o

54、ften faced the（ ）between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.问题1选项A.paradoxB.junctionC.dilemmaD.premise【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论，似是而非的论点”；B选项junction“连接，结合点”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项premise“前提，假

55、定”。句意：家长们经常面对这样进退两难的境况：是做自己认为对孩子发展好的事情还是继续容忍孩子没有规矩的吵闹和破坏。选项C符合句意。7. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)One of the most striking results of modern democracy has been the gradual but steady erosion of all classes of distincti

56、on and the subsequent leveling of society to the point where everyone is expected to treat everyone else in exactly the same way. We must make no distinction between young and old, male or female, distinguished or dissolute. As a result, common courtesy is at an all time low and an unhealthy reservo

57、ir of resentment at an all time high. Every person suspects he is not receiving his due and is suspicious that deference (尊重) in the form of courtesy on his part will be mistaken as submission. Authority is suspected to be nothing but the unfair abuse of power and yet people seem to be seeking true

58、sources of authority amid the ruling relativism by following fads and the ever-changing gurus (领袖) of the self-help industry. The pressure to conform to pop-culture standards is also immense, so much so, that individuality itself is threatened.(Selected from The Myth Of Equality by Rebecca Bynum, 20

59、08)【答案】现代民主最引人注目的结果之一就是逐渐的但是稳定地削弱阶级差别，同时把社会平等推进到人人期待他人用完全相同的方式平等对待自己的地步。我们必须消除老与少、男与女、高贵与低俗之间的任何差别。结果，共同的礼貌处于历史最低点，不健康的怨愤情绪处于最高点。人人都怀疑自己没有得到足够重视，人人都担心自己以礼貌的方式表现出来的尊重被错误地当作顺从和屈服。权威被人质疑，除了不公正地滥用权力，什么也不是。但人们似乎从控制一切的相对主义中寻找真正的权威，听命于时尚潮流和自我帮助产业中不断更新的大师。与大众文化标准保持一致的压力非常巨大，以至于人们的个性本身遭受威胁。8. 单选题Many（ ）came

60、to the Presidents reception.问题1选项A.personB.charactersC.peopleD.notables【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品质”；people“人，人类”；notable“名人，显要人物”。句意：许多显要人物前来参加总统的招待会。9. 单选题None of this is（ ）surprising, nor are these questionable industry machination limited to the frenzied search for the so-called pin

61、k pill.问题1选项A.at the leastB.the leastC.the least bitD.in the least bit【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项at the least“无论如何”；B选项the least“最少”；C选项the least bit“半点，毫厘”；D选项in the least bit“一点，丝毫”。句意：这些丝毫不令人感到惊讶，这些可疑行业的阴谋也不仅仅局限于疯狂地寻找所谓的“粉色药丸”。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题Certain decisions were made that seemed obvious and necessary a

62、t the time, but（ ）, we know that some of them are not as beneficial as the creators then believed.问题1选项A.in retrospectionB.in retrospectC.with reminiscenceD.in nostalgia【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in retrospect意为“回顾往事，检讨过去”。句意：有些决定在当时看来是显而易见和必要的，但回顾过去，我们知道有些决定并不像当时我们所认为的那样有益。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题When my wife, Meg, suffered a severe stroke that immobilized her left side, I knew we would be facing a grueling odyssey involving several hospitals, dozens of doctors and countless ther