2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷85

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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The directions were so（ ） that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。ingenious有独创性的，机灵的；ambitious野心勃勃的，有雄心的；notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱两可的。能修饰directions的只有D项“模糊不清的”，故D项正确。句意：该指

2、示如此模糊不清以致于不可能完成这项任务。2. 单选题Americans may have to（ ） the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public transportation systems.问题1选项A.break downB.out downC.get downD.drop down【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。break down“发生故障，毁掉”；get down“吞下，使沮丧”；drop down“落下，顺着往下移动”。句意：美国人可能不得不降低私家车的数量。转而依赖公共交通系统。只有D项符合，强调私家车

3、数量的下降。3. 单选题（ ）, over the months, we began to get to know him.问题1选项A.Once in a whileB.From time to timeC.Every now and thenD.Little by little【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。once in a while“偶尔，有时”；from time to time“不时，有时”；every now and then“不时地，常常”；little by little“渐渐，逐渐地”。句意：经过几个月时间，我们渐渐地了解了他。由over the months,以及beg

4、an to know可知D项“渐渐地”符合题意。4. 单选题Eating more nutritious food than is needed doesnt make it function better（ ） overfilling the tank makes a car move faster.问题1选项A.not more thanB.less thanC.no more thanD.any more than【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。not more than不超过，至多，不比更； no more than只是，仅仅，同样不；less than 比少；any more tha

5、n至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。5. 单选题Nobody knows（ ） how many people are to be blame for the coal-mine accident, so the government is trying to find out the whole truth about the accident.问题1选项A.inwardlyB.honestlyC.cleverlyD.precisely【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。inwardly“向内地，在内部”；hon

6、estly“真诚地，公正地”；cleverly“聪明地”；precisely“精确地，恰恰”。句意：没有人（ ）知道有多少人要为煤矿事故负责，所以政府正尝试查明整个事故的全部真相。由后半句“政府决定查明整个事情的真相”可推知没有人非常准确地知道这个事故。故D项符合句意。6. 单选题A senior United Nations Childrens （UNICEF） official on May 29 praised China for its remarkable achievements in childrens welfare.A. H. M. Farook, UNICEFs opera

7、tions area officer for China and Mongolia said that China “can be very satisfied to tell the whole world what can be done with limited resources to help its children to grow healthily and happily.”Chinas child population makes up one-fifth of the worlds total. “The reason behind the tremendous achie

8、vement is Chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society, he said.”“Whats more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.” The UN official made the remarks when addressing a group of 50 children and staff from the Beijing

9、 Childrens Welfare Home at the Shangri-la Hotel. Beijing.The hotel invites the orphans to share snacks, sing, dance and play games at a park inside the hotel for a “Share the Sunshine” party, as a prelude to celebrations to mark the Childrens Day.The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after

10、 New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children.A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400-500 yuan a month for an average orphan. An average Chinese workers earned 440 yuan a month during the first quar

11、ter this year. Go Xiaojin, deputy secretary-general of the China Youth Development Foundation（CYDF） said people from all walks of life have contributed to the welfare of the Chinese children. She said that CYDF set up the Project Hope in 1989, which calls on people across the country to donate money

12、 to help poor children to continue their schooling.By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2,074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms. Three “Hope Star

13、s” also attended the party. They were mode1 teenagers chosen among students who are economically supported by the Project Hope to further their nine-year compulsory studies in the poverty-stricken regions. They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the upcoming Atlanta Olympic Games this yea

14、r.1. Children can grow healthily and happily as long as（ ）.2. Every year the Bejing Childrens Welfare Home spends（ ） on the orphans.3. CYDF collected 700 million yuan with the purpose of（ ）.4. We can infer from the text that（ ）.5. It is possible that this passage was written in（ ）.问题1选项A.parents tak

15、e good care of them both at home and in societyB.the whole society care for children as well as their parentsC.Schools and teachers pay much attention to the growth of childrenD.Chinese people always give special attention to children who are in special need问题2选项A.1, 920,000 yuan 2,160. 000 yuanB.2,

16、 160.000 yuanC.over 2, 400. 000 yuanD.2.200. 000 yuan or so问题3选项A.reducing dropoutsB.helping homeless orphansC.supporting the Chinese Team for the coming Atlanta Olympic GamesD.establishing 2, 074 Hope primary schools all over the country问题4选项A.every Chinese child has its own special need, so we sho

17、uld pay special attention to eachB.all the children in the poverty-stricken regions of China are too poor to go to schoolC.ever since liberation, the Chinese Communist Party has been concerned about the growth of the younger generationD.with the help of UNICEF officials, there are no more dropouts i

18、n China问题5选项A.1992B.1996C.1998D.2000【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“The reason behind the tremendous achievement is Chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society, he said. 他说，这一巨大成就背后的原因是在中国，家庭和社会都照顾儿童的悠久传统。可知中国小孩可以健康快乐成长的原因是社会和家庭对儿童的共同关心。故B项正确。A项只强调了父母的

19、作用；C项只强调了学校和老师的作用；D项“中国人总是关注那些有特殊需要的孩子”这句话只提到了有特殊需要的孩子(比如孤儿)，而题干问的是在什么样的条件下，孩子们才能健康快乐成长，显然题干是指所有的中国孩子。故D项不选。答案B。2.推理计算题。由第六段The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children. 以及第七段A leading official of the welfare institution s

20、aid that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400-500 yuan a month for an average orphan.可知用于400多名孤儿的福利院的开支为 400x12x400=1920,000 到 400x12x500=2400,000之间，因为文中并未给出孤儿的确切数量和每个孤儿每月的确切开支，故福利院每年用于孤儿身上的开支是不确定的，只能是一个大概范围内的数字，范围为1920000-2400000之间。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后一段By the end of last year

21、, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2,074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms. 她说，截至去年年底，中国青少年发展基金会已筹集7亿元捐款，帮助建立了2074所希望小学，使125多万失学儿童重返校园。可知D项正确。4.推理判断题。由第六段“The Beijing

22、 childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children. 北京儿童福利院成立于新中国成立（1949）后不久，目前有400多名儿童。可知自新中国成立以来，北京福利院接收了400多名儿童，中国政府一直关心儿童的成长。故C项正确。A项“给每个孩子特特殊关注”是对原文“Whats more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who

23、 are in special need.”的曲解。BD两项表述有误。5.细节事实题。由最后一句They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the upcoming Atlanta Olympic Games this year. 他们将成为今年亚特兰大奥运会中国队的火炬手。可知这篇文章写于亚特兰大奥运会举办的那年，也就是1996年。故B项正确。7. 翻译题What I wish for all students is some release from the grim grip of the future. I wish them

24、a chance to enjoy each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of the world.My wish, of course

25、, is native. One of the few rights that America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement is the national god, worshipped in our media the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive-and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young ar

26、e growing up old.【答案】我希望所有的学生稍微摆脱未来的无情控制。我希望他们有机会把自己每一阶段的教育纯粹当成一种经历来享受，而不是作为一种为下一步做准备的令人厌倦的需要。我希望他们有权利去尝试、跌倒、懂得失败如同胜利一样具有教育意义和失败并不是世界的末日。当然，我的希望是天真的。失败的权利是美国人不赞扬的几个权利之一。成就是民族之神，在我们的媒体中受到崇拜如身价百万的运动员，富有的主管人员一样 在我们对财富的赞美中得到荣耀。年轻人就是在这样一种强有力的民族信仰熏陶下长大的。8. 单选题I came away from my years of teaching on the c

27、ollege and university level with a conviction enactment, performance, dramatization are the most successful forms of teaching. Students must be incorporated, made, so far as possible, an integral part of the learning process. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play wou

28、ld seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote planned his lessons that his pupils “came to work as though they came to

29、 play, “and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students “glad they were there.”Since, we are told, 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the typical university is by the lecture method, we should give close attention to this form of ed

30、ucation. There is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limericks observation that “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by the urge to speak while others remain silent. But to do this regula

31、rly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time for one person to drag on while others sit in silence? I do not believe that this is what the creator designed humans to do.The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lec

32、ture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone.The cult of lecturing dully, like the cult of writing dully, goes bac

33、k, of course, some years. Edward Shils, professor of sociology, recalls the professors he encountered at the University of Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed “a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. Some read from old le

34、cture notes and then haltingly explained the thumb-worn last lines. Others lectured from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn edges. The teachers began on time, ended on time, and left the room without saying a word more to their students, very seldom being detained by questioners.

35、The classes were not large, yet there was no discussion. No questions were raised in class, and there were no office hours.”1. The author believes that a successful teacher should be able to（ ）.2. The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that（ ）.3.

36、What the author recommends in this passage is that（ ）4. By saying “They seemed a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing.” (Lines 3-4, Para.4), the author means that（ ）.5. Whose teaching method is particularly commended by the author?问题1选项A.make inspired play an integr

37、al part of the learning processB.make dramatization an important aspect of students learningC.improve students learning performanceD.make study just as easy as play问题2选项A.it draws the close attention of the studentsB.it conforms in a way to the design of the CreatorC.it presents course content in a

38、scientific and objective mannerD.it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily问题3选项A.college education should be improved through radical measuresB.more freedom of choice should be given to students in their studiesC.traditional college lectures should be replaced by dramatized perfo

39、rmancesD.interaction should be encouraged in the process of teaching问题4选项A.professors are a group of professionals that differ in their academic ability but behave in the same wayB.professors are like priests wearing the same kind of black gown but having different roles to play.C.there is no fundam

40、ental difference between professors and priests though they differ in their meritsD.professors at the University of Pennsylvania used to wear black suits which made them look like priests问题5选项A.Alfred North Whiteheads.B.Ezekiel Cheevers.C.Cotton Mathers.D.Patricia Nelson Limericks.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:

41、D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段I came away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction enactment, performance, dramatization are the most successful forms of teaching. 我在学院和大学里教了几年书，从那时起我就坚信，表演，戏剧化是最成功的教学形式。可知作者认为戏剧化教学是最成功的教学方式。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“The strange, almost i

42、ncomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one fille

43、d with facts and read in an unchanged monotone. 奇怪的、几乎不可理解的事实是，许多教授认为他们应该枯燥地讲课，就像他们觉得必须枯燥地写作一样。表现出热情就有可能显得不科学、不客观;这是为了吸引学生的情感而不是他们的智力。”因此，理想的演讲应该是充满事实，以不变的单调语调进行的。可知教授们喜欢以传统方式上课的原因是传统授课方式以一种科学的、客观的方式展现课程内容。故C项正确。3.判断推理题。由第二段“There is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limericks observation that

44、 “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by the urge to speak while others remain silent. But to do this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time for one person to drag on while others sit in

45、 silence? I do not believe that this is what the creator designed humans to do. 我认为，帕特里夏纳尔逊利默里克(Patricia Nelson Limerick)的观察有很多道理，她说:“讲课是一种非自然的行为，这种行为不是上帝设计给人类的。”有时候，一个人被说话的冲动所控制，而其他人却保持沉默，这是完全正常的。但要经常这样做，一次一小时十五分钟，让一个人讲下去，而其他人则安静地坐着?我不相信这是造物主设计人类去做的。”可知作者认为老师一个人讲课，而其他人保持沉默是不好的，他推崇老师与听众之间有互动。4.语义题。T

46、hey seemed “a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. 他们似乎是“一个祭司，他们的优点不一样，但他们的举止却很一致;他们从来没有涉及任何个人的事情。由该句教授们虽然专业能力不一样，但是他们的行为一致。故A项正确。5.判断推理题。由第一段末尾Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony,

47、his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote planned his lessons that his pupils “came to work as though they came to play马萨诸塞湾殖民地最著名的校长Ezekiel Cheever曾是学生Cotton Mather的老师，他在书中写道，他的学生“来工作就像来玩耍一样”可知作者推崇Ezekiel Cheever的教学方式。故B项正确。9. 单选题The engineers in this lab spent several weeks（ ）their plans for the new

48、 bicycle.问题1选项A.countingB.strippingC.elaboratingD.casting【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。count“计算总数，数数”；strip“剥去，去掉”；elaborate“精心制作，详细阐述”；cast“投，抛”。句意：工程师们在这个实验室里花了数周时间（ ）新自行车计划。能与plans搭配的只有C项“详细说明”。10. 单选题Actually, recycling is one of the least important things we can do, if our real （ ） is to preserve natural res

49、ources.问题1选项A.subjectionB.objectiveC.excitementD.inclusion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。subjection“隶属，服从，征服”；objective“目的，目标”；excitement“兴奋，刺激”；inclusion“包含，内含物”。句意：事实上，回收利用是我们能做的最不重要的事情之一，如果我们的真正（ ）是保护自然资源的话。由不定式to preserve natural resources可知这是一种目的，故B项正确。11. 单选题In the dim light, I managed to discern the shadowy

50、 figure of a big dog among the trees.问题1选项A.make offB.make outC.make upD.make over【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。make off逃走，离开，匆 忙离开；make out理解，辨认出，说明，填写，设法应付；make up组成，补足，化妆，编造；make over转让，移交，修改。句意：在暗光下，我在树丛中辨认出一只大狗的影子。B项符合题意。12. 单选题Youre responsible to（ ） is in charge of sales.问题1选项A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.that【答案】

51、C【解析】考查引导词。该空在从句中作主语，并引导主语从句。who表示人，常引导宾语从 句，但不引导主语从句；而whoever表示“无论是谁”(anyone who )，可引导 主语从句。故C项正确。句意：你对任何负责销售的人负责。13. 单选题The chairman said it gave him great（ ） to welcome so many guests.问题1选项A.humorB.contentC.funD.pleasure【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。humor“幽默”；content“内容，目录”；fun“乐趣”；pleasure“快乐，令人高兴的事”。句意：主席说欢迎

52、这么多宾客是一件让他很高兴的事情。D项符合句意。14. 单选题For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together f

53、rom the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human inter-living, long enough to set back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on wi

54、th it or not. There is an argument.Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of t

55、he voices, “It doesnt really work, weve tried it and it doesnt work. Go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man.”The principle discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance of nature. Things that used

56、 to seem clear and rational, and matters of absolute certaintyNewtonian mechanics, for examplehave slipped through our fingers; and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, and ambiguities. Some of the laws of physics are amended every few years; some are canceled outrig

57、ht; some undergo revised version of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For while, things seemed simple

58、 and clear: the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievable complex filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond todays imagining.It is not just that there

59、 is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundament

60、al processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.1. What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph?2. The principle discovery in this century shows（ ）.3. Now scientists have found in the past few years（ ）.4. The writers main purpose in writing the passage is to say that（

61、 ）.5.The writers attitude towards science is（ ）.问题1选项A.Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.B.For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science.C.Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientif

62、ic progress unanimously.D.Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method.问题2选项A.man has overthrown Newtons laws of physicsB.man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzlesC.man has lost many scientific discoveriesD.man has given up some

63、of the once accepted theories问题3选项A.the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessaryB.the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machineC.man knows nothing about DNAD.man has much to learn about DNA问题4选项A.science is just at its beginningB.science has greatly improved mans lifeC.science has made profound progressD.science has done too little to human beings问题5选项A.criticalB.approving