2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷14

《2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷14》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷14（25页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not（ ）that.问题1选项A.seeingB.being seenC.seeD.to see【答案】D【解析】考查固定结构。too.to表示“太以至于不能”，too. not to属于双重否定的结构，表示“太不能不”。句意：李先生太聪明了，不会不知道这点的。2. 单选题Jack was about to announce our plan but I（ ）.问题1选项A.cut him shortB.gave him upC.turned him

2、 outD.put him through【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项cut sb. short“打断某人”；B选项give sb. up“放弃某人”；C选项turn sb. out意为“驱逐某人”；D选项put sb. through“替某人接通”。由句中的but可知前后表示转折关系，结合句意可知选A。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。3. 单选题Dr. Smith failed many times but he finally（ ）to find a successful way to solve the problem.问题1选项A.broke offB.broke

3、 downC.broke outD.broke through【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项break off“（使）分离”；B选项break down“失败”；C选项break out“突然发生，爆发”；D选项break through“突围，突破”。根据转折连词but可知句子前面表示转折关系，由failed many times（多次失败）与finally（最终）可知D选项符合语境。句意：史密斯医生失败了很多次，但他最终突破了，找到了解决问题的成功方法。4. 单选题Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speec

4、h or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conse

5、rvative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees

6、 the gradual disappearance of “whom”,for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, doing our own thing, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educa

7、ted sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well-regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form, that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and w

8、ritten English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle: Why We Should, Like, Care

9、. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight be

10、cause we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not st

11、rictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.1.According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English

12、（ ）.2.The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes（ ）.3.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?4.The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authors（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as（ ）.问题1选项A.is inevitable i

13、n radical education reformsB.is but all too natural in language developmentC.has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD.brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s问题2选项A.modestyB.personalityC.livelinessD.informality问题3选项A.Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we

14、 talk.B.Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C.Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.D.Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.问题4选项A.interest in their languageB.appreciation of their effortsC.admiration for their memoryD

15、.contempt for their old-fashionedness问题5选项A.temporary is to “permanent”B.“radical” is to “conservative”C.“functional” is to “artistic”D.“humble” is to “noble”【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual dis

16、appearance of “whom”，for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.（Mr. McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr. McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的In both oral and written English, tal

17、king is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中he acknowledges that all varieties of human l

18、anguage, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr. McWhorter ackno

19、wledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.（Mr. McWhorter承认，正式的语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr. McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是something beautiful，对其做法是

20、赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。5.推理判断题。由he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful（他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paper plates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。5. 单选题It is said that the math teacher seems（ ）towards bright students.问题1选项A.preferableB.partialC.beneficialD.liable【答案】

21、B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项preferable“更好的，更可取的”；B选项partial“部分的，不完全的，偏袒”；C选项beneficial“有利的，有益的”；D选项liable“负有偿付责任，可能受的影响”。由bright students（聪明的学生）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：据说这个数学老师似乎偏袒聪明的学生。6. 单选题At high noon last October 1st, the citizens of Ecuador（厄瓜多尔）did something theyd never dreamed possible: they synchronized（同步）thei

22、r watches. In doing so, they embarked on a national campaign against lateness. A special group organized this campaign. The group invited the President to join in them, but actually the President was infamously unpunctual. Anyway, the President agreed to vow to participate. His spokesman, going on t

23、elevision to announce this vow, arrived at the studio, needless to say, several minutes late.Such a campaign may be scorned or laughed at, because it seems not serious and even nonsense, without any practical meaning, but it comes out of a basic economic fact: punctuality pays. According to one stud

24、y, chronic lateness costs Ecuador $ 2.5 billion a year hardly small change in a country with a gross domestic product of just twenty-four billion dollars. The fundamental challenge for a modern economy is to coordinate the actions of millions of independent people so that goods may be produced and s

25、ervices delivered as efficiently as possible. Its a lot easier to do this when people are where theyre supposed to be when theyre supposed to be there. This is especially true in light of recent innovations such as just-in-time manufacturing.Dell computers suppliers have to be able to deliver parts

26、to Dells factories within ninety minutes. Under those conditions, “Ill get to it later” wont do.In some punctual countries like Japan, pedestrians walk fast, business transactions take place quickly, and bank clocks are always accurate. In less punctual places, such as Indonesia, pedestrians amble,

27、workers idle, and bank clocks are usually wrong. In other words, Ecuadorians are trying to revolutionize the way they live and work.Can they do it? There are obvious obstacles. Tardiness can be quite pleasant, especially when its what youve accustomed to. There is also the tricky question of class.

28、Lateness can be a way for the rich and powerful to assert themselves, to show how much more valuable their time is. In Ecuador, members of the military and the government are the most notorious offenders, and businessmen are far more likely to show up late than blue-collar workers are. Theres no poi

29、nt in getting to a meeting on time if no one is going to be there. Tardiness feeds on itself, creating a vicious cycle.1.It is implied in the first paragraph that the president of Ecuador（ ）.2.The word “pay” has the same meaning in “punctuality pays” as in（ ）.3.Which of the following statements abou

30、t Ecuador people is correct?4.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.agreed to go on television to announce his vow to participateB.was well-known for his punctualityC.had a habit of being late in his life and workD.was trying to revolutionize the watches in his country问题2选项A.“It pays to

31、 get some professional advice before you make a decision”B.“He didnt pay any attention to what I said”C.“My mother pays for my driving lessons”D.“I decided to pay my friends a visit”问题3选项A.They used to be punctual when they are going to work.B.They love their president for his being unpunctual.C.The

32、y started to realize the vitality of time.D.They have been unaccustomed to the tardiness of their bank.问题4选项A.Ecuadorians are trying to make an advertisement for their watches by a national campaign against latenessB.bank clocks in less punctual places are usually wrong because their clocks are back

33、wardC.modern economy tries to coordinate the actions of millions of independent people to promote efficiencyD.Ecuadorians will remain their way of life【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的The group invited the President to join in them, but actually the President was infamously unpunctual.（该团

34、体邀请总统加入，但实际上，总统的不守时是臭名昭著的）可知C选项“在他的生活和工作中有迟到的习惯”符合题意。2.词义题。根据题干关键词pay定位到文章第二段的but it comes out of a basic economic fact: punctuality pays. According to one study, chronic lateness costs Ecuador $ 2.5 billion a year（但它来自一个基本的经济事实：守时支付。根据一项研究，长期迟到给厄瓜多尔每年造成25亿美元的损失）可知punctuality pays中的pay表示“支付，付费”。A选项中

35、的pay表示“值得”；B选项中的pay attention to表示“注意”；C选项中的pay for表示“为支付”；D选项中的pay a visit表示“探望，拜访，参观”。因此本题的正确答案为C。3.推理判断题。由文章第四段中的In other words, Ecuadorians are trying to revolutionize the way they live and work.（换句话说，厄瓜多尔人正试图彻底改变他们的生活和工作方式）可知C选项“他们开始意识到时间的重要性”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的The fundamental challenge for a

36、 modern economy is to coordinate the actions of millions of independent people so that goods may be produced and services delivered as efficiently as possible.（现代经济的根本挑战是协调数百万独立人民的行动，以便尽可能有效地生产商品和提供服务）可知C选项“现代经济努力协调数以百万计的独立者的行动，以提高效率”符合题意。7. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great（ ）at the r

37、ude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.resentmentC.offenceD.irritation【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项annoyance“恼怒，生气，烦恼”；B选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；C选项offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D选项irritation“生气，气恼”。只有offence可用于短语take offence at sth.表示“对生气”。句意：记者和摄影师们都对那位演员在采访过程中的粗鲁表现感到不满。8. 单选题The question of salary

38、 increase will（ ）at the next general meeting.问题1选项A.come offB.come upC.come toD.come through【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come off“成功，离开，举行，实现”；B选项come up“发生，被提出，被讨论，走近”；C选项come to“恢复知觉，苏醒”；D选项come through“安然度过，批准通过，获得成功”。空格处为谓语动词，其主语为The question of salary increase（增加工资的问题），故B选项符合语境。句意：增加工资的问题将在下一次大会上被提出。9. 单

39、选题Tom（ ）better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.has knownC.shouldnt knowD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查固定结构。should have done表示“本该做某事而实际未做”，know better than to do sth.表示“明白事理而不至于”。句意：Tom本应知道不该请Dick帮忙。10. 单选题When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to （ ）her umbrella.问题1选项A.carryB

40、.fetchC.bringD.reach【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”，指一般的搬运，多指用人力；B选项fetch“（去）拿来，（去）请来”，指说话人离开说话处，去别处把某人或某物带来；C选项bring“带来，引来”，从别处拿某物到说话人处，由远及近；D选项reach“到达”。根据选项的意思及句意可知选B。句意：当她看到了乌云的时候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨伞。11. 单选题War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the hu

41、man species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from thr

42、eats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence cannot be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggres

43、sive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has bee

44、n directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is

45、revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting indivi

46、duals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycles of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other

47、side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply

48、 a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their recommitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a communitys deepest religious and ethical commitments.1.Human violence shows evidence of

49、 being a learned behavior in that（ ）.2.The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is（ ）.3.What does the author mean by saying “.in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused” (Lines 5-6, Para. 2)?4.The word “allegiance” (Line 5, Para. 3) is closes

50、t in meaning to（ ）.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.it threatens the existing social systemsB.it is influenced by societyC.it has roots in religious conflictsD.it is directed against institutions of law问题2选项A.to control violence within a societyB.to protect the world from chaosC.to

51、 free society from the idea of revengeD.to give the government absolute power问题3选项A.Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B.Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C.Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D.Punishment is

52、 not carried out directly by the individuals involved.问题4选项A.loyaltyB.objectiveC.survivalD.motive问题5选项A.Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B.In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C.In times of war governments impose high religious and e

53、thical standards on their people.D.Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior.（人类暴力的许多表

54、现形式总是受到社会习俗的制约，这些社会习俗形成了侵略性的行为）可知B选项“它受社会的影响”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law.（社会中的暴力行为是通过法律制度来控制的）可知A选项“控制社会中的暴力”符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段中的The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they canno

55、t be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment（社会承担起保护个人免受暴力侵害的责任，不能保护的，由社会负责处罚）是对前面句子But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused（但在法律制度中，复仇的责任变得非个性化和普及）进行解释，因此D选项“惩罚不是由有关个人直接执行的”符合题意。4.词义题。A选项 loyalty“忠诚”；B选项objective“目标”；C选项survival“

56、幸存”；D选项motive“动机”。由文章第三段中的it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their recommitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice（这是国家对它的子民提出的承诺、allegiance和至高无上的牺牲最强有力命令的时刻）可知recommitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice为并列的名词词语，allegiance的感情色彩要与承诺、牺牲的感情色彩一致，结合四个选

57、项的意思以及句意可知A选项最为恰当。5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their recommitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice.（战争不仅仅是通过战斗来解决国家间争端的审判；这是国家对它的子民提出的承诺、忠诚和至高无上的牺牲最强有力命令的时

58、刻）可知D选项“在战争时期，政府可以为了国家的利益牺牲个人”符合题意。12. 单选题Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an（ ）and orderly fashion.问题1选项A.incredibleB.internalC.intricateD.initial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incredible“不可思议的，难以置信的”；B选项internal“内在的”；C选项intricate“错综复杂的”；D选项initial“最初的”。原句表

59、示“虽然人体是由许多不同的组织组成的，但这些组织是以_而有序的方式排列的”可知C选项符合句意。句意：虽然人体是由许多不同的组织组成的，但这些组织是以错综复杂而有序的方式排列的。13. 单选题Newspapers and magazines carry extensive（ ）of diet and health topics, and diet books are among the best sellers.问题1选项A.sketchB.concernC.coverageD.involvement【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项sketch“素描，速写，草图”；B选项concern“担

60、心，忧虑，关心”；C选项coverage“新闻报道，（书、课程学习、电视等的）信息范围，覆盖范围”；D选项involvement“参与，加入”。由主语Newspapers and magazines（报纸和杂志）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：报纸和杂志对饮食和健康话题进行了广泛的新闻报道，减肥书籍是最畅销书之一。14. 单选题The structure of the global economy（ ）that developing countries put all their efforts into raising cash usually by exporting whatever vi

61、rgin resources the industrial world might desire.问题1选项A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dictate“口述，强行规定，支配”；B选项regulate“（用规则条例）约束，控制，管理”；C选项allow“允许，准许，给予”；D选项appeal“上诉，申诉，呼吁”。原句表示“全球经济结构_发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金通常是通过出口工业国家想要的任何原始资源”，因此C选项符合语境。句意：全球经济结构允许发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金通常是通过出口工业国家想要的任何原始资源

62、。15. 单选题The fishing village of 1,480 people is a bleak and lonely place. Set on the southwestern edge of Iceland, the volcanic landscape is whipped by the North Atlantic winds, which hush everything around them. A sculpture at the entrance to the village depicts a naked man facing a wall of seawater

63、 twice his height. There is no movie theater, and many residents never venture to the capital, a 50-minute drive away.But Sandgerdi might be the perfect place to raise girls who have mathematical talent. Government researchers two years ago tested almost every 15-year-old in Iceland for it and found that b