2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷60

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1、2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题At planning meetings with the senior management I often had to endure predictable little jokes about me, but I took them _.问题1选项A.with a violent laughB.on my conscienceC.with a good graceD.in the best humor【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A项with a violent laugh“狂笑”，B项on my con

2、science“在意”，C项with a good grace“情愿地，欣然地”，D项in the best humor“以最幽默的方式”。由前面句子的句意“在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些不出所料关于我的小笑话”，结合后面的but转折可知，“以最幽默的方式”符合语境。句意：在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些可以预见的关于我的小笑话，但我以最幽默的方式接受了它们。因此，该题选择D项正确。2. 单选题They denounce deficit spending, declaring that you cant solve debt problem with mo

3、re debt.问题1选项A.condemnB.disputeC.contendD.neglect【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项condemn“谴责；声讨”；B选项dispute“辩论；怀疑”；C选项contend“主张；为斗争”；D选项neglect“疏忽；忽视；忽略”。句意：他们赤字开支，宣称用更多的债务解决不了债务问题。根据名词deficit spending“赤字开支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消费。对这一消费行为有人赞成，也有人否定。根据后面的关键信息you cant solve debt problem with more debt.“你不能用更多的债务来解决债务问题”由此

4、看来，这里是不赞成超前消费的，有反对的意味。因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题Two news photographers were attacked by the mob, and their cameras were smashed. It is disgraceful that they were so _.问题1选项A.obsessedB.deviatedC.despisedD.maltreated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obsess“使痴迷，使迷恋，使心神不宁”，B项deviate“脱离，越轨”，C项despise“轻视，鄙视”，D项maltreat“虐待，滥用，粗暴对待”

5、。根据第一句的句意“两名新闻摄影记者遭到暴徒袭击，他们的相机被砸碎了”可知，maltreated符合语境。句意：两名新闻摄影记者遭到暴徒袭击，他们的相机被砸碎了；他们受到如此虐待是可耻的。因此，该题选择D项正确。4. 单选题Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened.问题1选项A.stop overB.take overC.trip overD.slide over【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项

6、stop over“中途停留；暂留”；B选项take over“接管；接收”；C选项trip over“被绊倒”；D选项slide over“略过；回避”。句意：人们偶尔会在真理面前，但大多数人会爬起来就匆匆离去，好像什么事也没有发生过。根据后面的关键信息pick themselves up“自己爬起来”，一般人们会在摔倒后自己爬起来。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.问题1选项A.vanishedB.scatteredC.disregardedD.abandone

7、d【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项vanish“消失，突然不见，成为零”，B项scatter“撒播，散开，散布”，C项disregard“忽视，无视，不尊重”，D项abandon“遗弃，离开，放弃”。根据句子可知，空格部分是动词的过去分词做宾语补足语，与The lost car“丢失的汽车”形成被动关系，四个选项中只有abandon符合语境。句意：Lee的那辆丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里。因此，该题选择D项正确。6. 单选题The presidents critics say he has been too _ in responding to changing interna

8、tional developments.问题1选项A.lusciousB.forlornC.timidD.eloquent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项luscious“甘美的，满足感官的”，B项forlorn“被遗弃的，绝望的，孤独的”，C项timid“胆小的，羞怯的”，D项eloquent“意味深长的，雄辩的，有口才的”。由The presidents critics“总统的批评者”可知，后面是负面的评价，排除A项和D项，根据responding to changing international developments“应对国际形势的变化”可知，C项符合语境。句意：总统的批评者

9、说，他在应对不断变化的国际发展方面过于胆怯。因此，该题选择C项正确。7. 单选题In 1636 Rembrandt began to depict quieter, more contemplative scenes with a new warmth in color.问题1选项A.impressiveB.magnificentC.inspiringD.thoughtful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。contemplative表示“沉思的，冥想的，默想的”；A项impressive“感人的，令人钦佩的，给人以深刻印象的”，B项magnificent“高尚的，壮丽的，华丽的”，C项ins

10、piring“鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的”，D项thoughtful“深思的，体贴的，关切的”。句意：1636年，伦勃朗开始用一种新的温暖色彩来描绘更安静、更发人深省的场景。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。8. 单选题The prominent British surgeon Joseph Lister pioneered the use of carbolic acid to _ surgical instruments, sutures and wound dressing, thereby preventing infection of wounds.问题1选项A.obviateB.desol

11、ateC.mandateD.sterilize【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obviate“排除，避免，消除”，B项desolate“使荒凉，使孤寂”，C项mandate“授权，托管”，D项sterilize“消毒，杀菌，使成不毛”。根据thereby preventing infection of wounds“从而防止伤口感染”可知，sterilize符合语境。句意：著名的英国外科医生Joseph Lister率先使用石炭酸消毒手术器械、缝合线和伤口敷料，从而防止伤口感染。因此，该题选择D项正确。9. 单选题Accidents are caused; they dont just h

12、appen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortunefrustration, tiredness or just bad temperthat show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.Road

13、accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves or others.By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea

14、 which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.It is not always, clear, either,

15、what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are abs

16、ent from work due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgmentnoise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety leve

17、l, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work.1. The passage might be taken from _.2. The writer indicates that _.3. Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor of accidents?4. “Accident-prone” (Para 2) probably means _.5. Which of following could serve as the best title for this p

18、assage?问题1选项A.a text bookB.a science fictionC.a popular magazineD.an annual report of a company问题2选项A.British people are often absent minded.B.doctors should work in factories to avoid accidents.C.drivers are the factor leading to road accidents.D.there are always some people who fail to observe reg

19、ulations.问题3选项A.anxietyB.tirednessC.bad weatherD.carelessness问题4选项A.liable to have accidentsB.likely to be killed in accidentsC.responsible for road accidentsD.possible to avoid accidents问题5选项A.Causes of AccidentsB.Prevention of AccidentsC.Results of AccidentsD.Accidents and Anxiety【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题

20、:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章可能出自”。本文主要讲述的是事故发生的人为原因，第一段点明主题Accidents are caused; they dont just happen.（事故是人为造成的，不是自然发生的）；第二段和第三段讲交通事故发生的人为原因；第四段进一步分析举例论证事故发生的人为因素。这样的文章结构相比较而言更可能出现在教科书上，A项“一本教科书”正确；事故的原因不可能会出现在B项“一本科幻小说”、C项“一本受欢迎的杂志”或者D项“一份公司年度报告”中。因此，该题选择A项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实

21、题。题干意思是“作者指出”。根据第四段中的For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident.（例如，法律要求所有工厂采取安

22、全预防措施，大多数公司都有安全委员会以确保这些规定得到遵守，但是，在英国每天仍然有大约5万名男女由于事故而缺勤）可知，A项“英国人经常心不在焉”和D项“总有一些人不遵守规章制度”与文章不符；B项“医生应该在工厂工作以避免事故”没有提到；根据第三段最后一句These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.（这些数据表明，大多数事故都是由于普通司机一时的粗心大意造成的）可知，C项“司机是导致交通事故的因素”表述无误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

23、3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一个选项没有被提到是导致事故的因素？”。第一段最后一句话指出But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortunefrustration, tiredness or just bad temperthat show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.（但往往是一连串的事件导致了不幸沮丧、疲劳或只是坏脾气事故其实是对自己的一种攻击。）可知，A项“焦虑”和B

24、项“疲惫”正确；根据第三段最后一句These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.（这些数据表明，大多数事故都是由于普通司机一时的粗心大意造成的）可知，D项“粗心大意”也正确；只有C项“天气不好”在文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第二段中的Accident-prone可能是什么意思？”。根据第二段Road accidents, for example, happen freq

25、uently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves or others.（例如，交通事故经常发生在家庭争吵之后，我们都知道那些accident-prone的人，他们经常与自己和世界发生冲突，以至于他们似乎给自己或他人造成了事故。），结合语境可以推测，“accident-prone”的意思是“容易发生事故

26、的”，A项“容易发生事故”正确；B项“可能在事故中死亡”、C项“对交通事故负责”和D项“可能避免事故”都不对。因此，该题选择A项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“下列哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？”。整篇文章通篇讲述的是引起事故的一些因素和原因，因此A项“事故的原因”最符合；B项“预防交通事故”、C项“事故的结果”和D项“事故和焦虑”概括都不够准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。10. 单选题Plato had an essentially antagonistic view of art and the artist, although he approved of

27、certain religious and moralistic kinds of art.问题1选项A.ethicalB.responsiveC.feasibleD.hostile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。antagonistic表示“敌对的，对抗性的”；A项ethical“伦理的，道德的”，B项responsive“响应的，应答的”，C项feasible“可行的，可能的，可实行的”，D项hostile“敌对的，敌方的，怀敌意的”。句意：尽管柏拉图赞同某些宗教和道德的艺术类型，但他对艺术和艺术家的看法本质上是对立的。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。11. 单选题Even if the

28、genes themselves are not initially hazardous, you do not know how they are going to evolve.问题1选项A.partiallyB.originallyC.ultimatelyD.fundamentally【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项partially“部分地；偏袒地”；B选项originally“最初，起初；本来”；C选项ultimately“最后；根本”；D选项fundamentally“根本地，基础地”。ultimately和fundamentally都有根本的意思，前者侧重于就结果方向而言，

29、而后者侧重于从源泉方向讲。句意：即使基因本身没有危险，你也不知道它们将如何进化。Even if引导让步状语从句。由后面的关键信息you do not know how they are going to evolve.“你不知道它们将如何发展”，是在说基因之后的发展，所以按照逻辑关系，刚开始基因本身是没有危险的，但是之后经历过一些变化后就难以保证了。因此B选项符合题意。12. 单选题Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. _, some Asian countries are hi

30、ghly protectionist.问题1选项A.NaturallyB.ConverselyC.DeliberatelyD.Evidently【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A项naturally“自然地”，B项conversely“相反地”，C项deliberately“故意地，缓慢而谨慎地”，D项evidently“显然，明显地，清楚地”。由open markets“开放市场”和protectionist“贸易保护主义的”可知，前后语义是相反的，conversely符合语境。句意：马来西亚和印度尼西亚的森林和渔业产品依赖开放市场；相反，一些亚洲国家贸易保护主义色彩浓厚。因此，该题选择B项

31、正确。13. 单选题The English teacher paused a few seconds _ the most effective word to express his meaning.问题1选项A.embarking onB.embroiling inC.branching outD.groping for【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A项embark on“从事，着手，登上船”，B项embroil in“使（自己或某人）卷入，牵连”，C项branch out“长出枝条，扩展范围，偏离主题”，D项grope for“探索”。由the most effective word“最

32、有效的词”可知，四个选项中只有grope for符合语境。句意：英语老师停顿了几秒钟，想找一个最有效的词来表达他的意思。因此，该题选择D项正确。14. 单选题The first mistake is to think of mankind as a thing in itself. It isnt. It is part of an intricate web of life. And we cant think even of life as a thing in itself. It isnt. It is part of the intricate structure of a plan

33、et bathed by energy from the Sun.The Earth, in the nearly 5 billion years since it assumed approximately its present form, has undergone a vast evolution. When it first came into being, it very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere. These were formed by the gradual outwar

34、d movement of material as the solid interior settled together.Nor were ocean, atmosphere, and solid crust independent of each other after formation. There is interaction always: evaporation, condensation, solution, weathering. Far within the solid crust there are slow, continuing changes, too, of wh

35、ich hot springs, volcanoes, and earth-quakes are the more noticeable manifestations here on the surface.Between 2 billion and 3 billion years ago, portions of the surface water, bathed by the energetic radiation from the Sun, developed complicated compounds in organization sufficiently versatile to

36、qualify as what we call “life”. Life forms have become more complex and more various ever since.But the life forms are as much part of the structure of the Earth as any inanimate portion is. It is all an inseparable part of a whole. If any animal is isolated totally from other forms of life, then de

37、ath by starvation will surely follow. If isolated from water, death by asphyxiation will follow still faster. If isolated from the Sun, animals will survive for a time, but plants would die, and if all plants died, all animal would starve.It works in reverse, too, for the inanimate portion of Earth

38、is shaped and molded by life. The nature of the atmosphere has been changed by plant activity (which adds to the air the free oxygen it could not otherwise retain). The soil is turned by earthworms, while enormous ocean reefs are formed by coral.The entire planet, plus solar energy, is one enormous

39、intricately interrelated system. The entire planet is a life form made up of nonliving portions and a large variety of living portions (as our own body is made up of nonliving crystals in bones and nonliving water in blood, as well as of a large variety of living portions).In fact, we can pursue the

40、 analogy. A man is of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types, all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells, such as those making up an entire, will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism: serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ, such as the heart or kidneys

41、, may end by killing all 50 trillion.In the same way, on planetary scale, the chopping down of an entire forest may not threaten Earths life in general, but it will produce serious changes in the life forms of the region and even in the nature of the water runoff and, therefore, in the details of ge

42、ological structure. A serious decline in the bee population will affect the numbers of those plants that depend on bees for fertilization, then the numbers of those animals that depend on those particular bee-fertilized plants, and so on.Or consider cell growth. Cells in those organs that suffer con

43、stant wear and tearas in the skin or in the intestinal lininggrow and multiply all life long. Other cells, not so exposed, as in nerve and muscle, do not multiply at all in the adult, under any circumstances. Still other organs, ordinarily quiescent, as liver and bone, stand ready to grow if that is

44、 necessary to replace damage. When the proper repairs are made, growth stops.In a much looser and more flexible way, the same is true of die “planet organism” (which we study in the science called ecology). If cougars grow too numerous, the deer they live on are decimated, and some of the cougars di

45、e of starvation, so that their “proper number” is restored. If too many cougars die, then deer multiply with particular rapidity, and cougars multiply quickly in turn, till the additional predators bring down the number of deer again. Barring interference from outside, the eaters and the eaten retai

46、n their proper numbers, and both are the better for it.The neat economy of growth within an organism such as a human being is sometimesfor what reason, we know notdisrupted, and a group of cells begins growing without limit. This is the dread disease of cancer, and unless that growing group of cells

47、 is somehow stopped, the wild growth will throw all the body structure out of true and end by killing the organism itself.In ecology, the same would happening if, for some reason, one particular type of organism began to multiply without limit, killing its competitors and increasing its own food sup

48、ply at the expense of that of others. That, too, could end in the destruction of the larger systemmost or all of life and even of certain aspects of the inanimate environment.And this is exactly what is happening at this moment. For thousands of years, the single species Homo sapiens, to which you a

49、nd I have the dubious honor of belonging, has been increasing in numbers. In the past couple of centuries, the rate of increase has itself increased explosively.At the time of Julius Caesar, when Earths human population is estimated to have been 150 million, that population was increasing at rate th

50、at it would double in 1000 years if that rate remained steady. Today, with Earths population estimated at about 4000 million, it is increasing at a rate which, if steady, will cause it to double in 35 years.The present rate of increase of Earths swarming human population qualifies as an ecological c

51、ancer, which will destroy the ecology just as surely as any ordinary cancer would destroy an organism.The cure? Just what it is for any cancer. The cancerous growth must somehow be stopped.Of course, it will be. If we do nothing at all, the growth will stop, as a cancerous growth in a man will stop

52、if nothing is done. The man dies and the cancer dies with it.How can the human population explosion be stopped? By raising the death rate or by lowering the birthrate. There are no other alternatives. The death rate will rise spontaneously and finally catastrophically, if we do nothingand that withi

53、n a few decades. To make the birth rate fall, somehow, is surely preferable, and that is therefore the first order of mankinds business today.Failing this, mankind would stand at the bar of abstract justice as the mass murderer of life generally, his own included, and mass disrupter of the intricate

54、 planetary development that made life in its present glory possible in the first place.1. According to the article, which of the following statements is true?2. According to the author, the analogy between the entire planet and the human body is based on all of the following EXCEPT _.3. According to

55、 the article, what is NOT true about the population in the world?4. In “Failing this, mankind would stand at the bar of abstract justice” (last paragraph), which of the following does “this” refer to?5. “The neat economy of growth within organism” (12th paragraph) means _.问题1选项A.It took the universe

56、 5 billion years to form the earth.B.Evaporation, condensation, solution, weathering are four major factors that contributed to the formation of the earth.C.Life forms were first developed in deep water between 2 billion and 3 billion years ago.D.Life is as much, part of the structure of the Earth a

57、s any inanimate portion is and in reverse, the inanimate portion of the Earth is shaped and modified by life.问题2选项A.They are both composed of nonliving portions and a large variety of living portions.B.They are both enormously intricate and interrelated systems.C.They are both made up of 50 trillion

58、 cells of a variety of types, all interrelated and interdependent.D.Their overall growth may be disrupted if a group of cells or a particular type of organism begins to grow without limit.问题3选项A.For thousands of years, human population has been increasing in number.B.At the time of Julius Caesar, hu

59、man population was increasing slowly.C.Today, the Earths population is estimated to double in 35 years.D.If we do nothing at all, the growth of the Earths population will never stop.问题4选项A.The human population explosion being stopped.B.Raising the death rate or lowering the birthrate.C.The death rat

60、e rising spontaneously and catastrophically.D.Reduction of the birthrate.问题5选项A.The balanced and interrelated development of an organ.B.The pure cost of development within organism.C.The very slow development within organism.D.The rapid development of organism.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答

61、案】D【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？”根据第二段第一句The Earth, in the nearly 5 billion years since it assumed approximately its present form, has undergone a vast evolution.（地球自从呈现目前的形状近50亿年以来，已经经历了一次巨大的演化）可知，50亿年前地球初步形成，并非地球花了50亿年才形成，A项“宇宙花了50亿年才形成了地球”错误；由第三段前两句Nor were ocean, atmosphere, and solid cru

62、st independent of each other after formation. There is interaction always: evaporation, condensation, solution, weathering.（海洋、大气和固体地壳在形成后也不是相互独立的。总是有相互作用：蒸发，凝结，溶解，风化。）可知，蒸发，凝结，溶解，风化只是地球形成后海洋、大气层以及地壳之间作用的形式，而不是地球形成的因素，B项“蒸发，凝结，溶解，风化是促成地球形成的四个主要因素”错误；根据第四段第一句Between 2 billion and 3 billion years ago,

63、 portions of the surface water, bathed by the energetic radiation from the Sun, developed complicated compounds in organization sufficiently versatile to qualify as what we call “life”.（在20亿到30亿年前，部分地表水沐浴在太阳的高能辐射下，发展出结构复杂、功能丰富的化合物，可以称得上是我们所说的“生命”。）可知，生命的形式是在地球表面发展来的，C项“生命形式最初是在20亿到30亿年前的深水中发展起来的”错误；根据第五段第一句But the life forms are as much part of the structure of the Earth as any inanimate portion is. It is all an inseparable p