2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题47（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Nylon is a (n)（ ）material; it can be used to make a great many things.问题1选项A.compoundB.imitationC.versatileD.crystal【答案】C【解析】compound复合的；imitation人造的，仿制的；versatile多用的，万能的；crystal水晶的，透明的。根据下句：尼龙可以用来做很多东西，说明尼龙用途广泛，选项C符合句意。2. 单选题In Briton the robin is a small bird,

2、 but its（ ）in America is much large.问题1选项A.speciesB.counterpartC.analogyD.category【答案】A【解析】句意：在英国知更鸟是一种小鸟, 但在美国它的物种要大得多。species物种, 种类；counterpart相似物；analogy 类比, 类似；category种类, 分类。选项A形容生物种类, 所以选项A正确。3. 单选题If you say that something is（ ）, you are emphasizing that it cannot be justified or, tolerated b

3、ecause it is extremely bad.问题1选项A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable【答案】C【解析】inevitable必然的, 不可避免的；ineffective无效的, 不起作用的；inexcusable不可原谅的；inexplicable费解的。句意：如果你说某件事是不可原谅的, 你是在强调它是不合理的或不能容忍的, 因为它是极其糟糕的。选项C更符合语境。4. 单选题_ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth

4、development of production.问题1选项A.WhatB.AsC.ItD.That【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，经济增长取决于生产的顺利发展。as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。B选项As符合题意，其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his（ ）tale.问题1选项A.sympatheticB.patheticC.syntheticD.interesting【答案】B【解

5、析】sympathetic同情的；pathetic悲惨的；synthetic综合的，人造的；interesting有趣的。根据句意可知，观众们都哭了，说明这是一个悲惨的故事。选项B更符合语境。6. 单选题I stared into the blackness and wondered if he was as aware of my presence as I _.问题1选项A.was of hisB.was of himC.did himD.did of his【答案】A【解析】考查句子省略。句意：我盯着他阴沉的脸，想知道他是否注意到我的存在，正如我知道他的存在一样。as到句尾是状语从句，从

6、句还原为as I was as aware of his presence，这里和前面if引导的宾语从句部分重复，故省略重复的部分，A选项was of his符合题意。其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。7. 翻译题21世纪是一个将我们联系在一起的网络时代。无论我们愿意与否, 我们的社会生活与经济生活已密不可分。我们意识到先进的电子网络使我们能够跨越时空限制, 利用以前难 以想象的商机。这个网络世界己开辟了一个崭新的创新发展的天地, 把我们带入一个前所未有的网络智能吋代。这个网络智能新时代表明, 我们可以将自己的知识和创造力结合起来, 取得经济增长和社会发展的新突破。【答案】The 21st c

7、entury is a network age binding us together. Whether we are ready or not, our social life has been inseparable from economic life. And we realize that the advanced electrical network can make us cross the time and space limitations to take advantage of the previously unimaginable business opportunit

8、y. The network time has opened up a new world for innovation and development, bringing us into an unprecedented era of network intelligence. This new age of network intelligence shows that we can combine our knowledge and creativity and make new breakthrough in the economic growth and social develop

9、ment.8. 翻译题长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没去看菲尔铁塔 (Eiffel Tower)，或者就像到了埃及没去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连接成长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。【答案】The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the

10、Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not becom

11、e the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.9. 单选题The tryptophan in the Thanksgiving turkey had _ effect, inducing sleep in those who consumed it.问题1选项A.an

12、 invigoratingB.depreciatoryC.hypnoticD.lethal【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。A选项an invigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有_的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题My aunt（ ）a brightly-colored thread round her finger so

13、as not to forget her appointment.问题1选项A.woundB.curvedC.spunD.bent【答案】A【解析】wind缠绕；curve使弯曲；spin旋转；bend弯曲。句意：阿姨在手指上绕了一根颜色鲜艳的线, 这样就不会忘记她的约定了。选项A符合语境。11. 单选题Samantha sobbed uncontrollably and hid in the locker room, so _ was she about having lost in the finals of the state tennis championship.问题1选项A.pra

14、gmaticB.dejectedC.jubilantD.indifferent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“务实的”；B选项dejected“沮丧的”；C选项jubilant“欢呼雀跃的”；D选项indifferent“漠不关心的”。句意：萨曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常_她输掉了州网球锦标赛的决赛。输掉比赛以后萨曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想见人，B选项dejected“沮丧的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题He（ ）a messenger to tell the king what had happened.问题1选项A.dispatchedB.a

15、uthorizedC.nominatedD.entrusted【答案】A【解析】dispatch派遣；authorize授权；nominate任命；entrust委托。句意：他派了一个使者去告诉国王发生了什么事。选项B和C太过于正式；选项D不符合语境；所以选项A更恰当。13. 单选题As soon as Henry found the gem to be（ ）, he went back to the shop and had his money back.问题1选项A.scatteredB.syntheticC.identicalD.conspicuous【答案】B【解析】scattered

16、分散的, 散乱的；synthetic人造的, 合成的；identical 同一的；conspicuous显著的。句意：Henry一发现这个钻石是人造的, 他立马返回商店退款。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone. In countries like Russia and China, people use tile mobile phone in places where there is

17、 no ordinary telephone. Business people, use mobiles when theyre traveling. In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail message and access the Internet. They use a new kind of mobile phone called “i-mode”. You can even use a mobile phone to listen to music.Mobil

18、e phones are very fashionable with teenagers. Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call borne home if they are in trouble and need help. So they feel safer. But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play simple computer games. Its cool to be the owner of

19、a small expensive mobile. Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phones smoke less. Parents and schools are happy that teenagers are safer and smoke less.But many people dislike them. They hate it when the businessman opposite them on the train has a loud conversation on his phone. Or when the

20、 mobile phone rings in a cafe or restaurant. But there is a much more serious problem. Its possible that the mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold the phone so close to our head. Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.1. Mobiles are popu

21、lar among people because _.2. It is stated in the passage that in Russia and China _.3. Parents buy mobile phones for their children because _.4. Why can mobile phones be a much more serious problem?5. Which of the following can be the titletile of this passage?问题1选项A.they think mobiles are funB.the

22、y believe mobiles are safeC.they love to listen to musicD.they feel it easier to talk to each other问题2选项A.ordinary telephone service is available everywhereB.people prefer mobile phones to ordinary telephonesC.mobiles are used in places without ordinary telephonesD.people use mobiles to send e-mails

23、 and access the internet问题3选项A.mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagersB.they can call home if they are in trouble and need helpC.they can use mobiles to play simple computer gamesD.mobile phones enable teenagers to give up smoking问题4选项A.Because people hate the businessmen using mobiles in

24、public places.B.Because people feel their privacy unprotected in a cafe or restaurant.C.Because there is strong evidence for the problems of mobiles.D.Because the use of mobile phones can be physically harmful.问题5选项A.Why Are Mobiles So Popular?B.Mobiles-Useful or Useless?C.Mobiles-A Danger to Health

25、?D.Why Do We Design Mobiles?【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干可定位到文章第一段开头Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone.（为什么手机如此受欢迎？因为人们喜欢互相交谈。而且用手机就容易多了。），由此可知手机受欢迎的原因是手机会让人们的交谈变得更容易，所以D选项“人们觉得交谈变得更容易”正确。A选项“人们认为手机很有趣”文章并未提及，属于无

26、中生有；B选项“人们相信手机是安全的”，干扰源“safe”对应原文第二段开头，但此处讲的是父母给孩子买手机的原因，而不是手机受欢迎的原因，属于张冠李戴；C选项“人们喜欢听音乐”对应原文第一段段尾“You can even use a mobile phone to listen to music.”，但此处与题干问题无关，不是手机受欢迎的原因，属于出处错位。因此D选项正确。2.事实细节题。由题干可定位到文章第一段第四句In countries like Russia and China, people use mobile phones in places where there is no

27、ordinary telephone.（在俄罗斯和中国这样的国家，人们在没有普通电话的地方使用手机。），所以C选项“手机是在没有普通电话的地方使用的”正确。A选项“一般的电话服务在任何地方都可以使用”和B选项“比起普通电话，人们更喜欢移动电话”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有；D选项“人们用手机发电子邮件和上网”对应文章第一段第六句In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail messages and access the Internet.（在一些国家，比如日本，很多人用手机发送

28、电子邮件和上网。），但此处讲的是手机在日本的使用情况，而不是俄罗斯和中国，属于张冠李戴。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段开头Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call home if they are in trouble and need help.（父母为他们的孩子买手机。如果他们遇到麻烦或需要帮助，他们可以打电话回家。），所以B选项“如果他们遇到麻烦或需要帮助，他们可以打电话回家”正确。A选项“手机在青少年中很流行”对应第二段的第一句，但是正是因为越来越多的父母给孩子购买手机才使得手机在

29、青少年中很流行，并不是因为手机流行父母才给孩子买手机，父母的出发点是为了孩子们的安全考虑，此处属于偷换概念；C选项“他们可以用手机玩简单的电脑游戏”对应文章第二段第五句But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play simple computer games.（但青少年大多使用手机与朋友保持联系或玩简单的电脑游戏。），但此处与题干无关，不是父母给孩子购买手机的原因，属于出处错位；D选项“手机使青少年能够戒烟”对应第二段倒数第二句Research shows that teenage owners

30、 of mobile phones smoke less.（研究表明，拥有手机的青少年吸烟更少。），但此句讲的是拥有手机的青少年吸烟更少，并不是说手机能够使青少年戒烟，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段But there is a much more serious problem. Its possible that mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold the phone so close to our head. Scientists fear that mobiles can per

31、haps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.（但还有一个更严重的问题。手机可能会让大脑发热，因为我们把手机拿得离头部太近了。科学家们担心，手机可能会损害你的记忆力，甚至会导致癌症。），由此可推断出更严重的问题是手机会影响人们的健康，所以D选项“因为使用移动电话可能对身体有害”正确。A选项“因为人们讨厌商人在公共场所使用手机”和B选项“因为人们觉得在咖啡馆或餐馆里没有隐私保护”对应文章最后一段的第一、二句“但是很多人不喜欢它们。他们讨厌在火车上对面的商人大声打电话，或者在咖啡馆或餐馆里手机响。”，但此处讲的是人们不喜欢手机的原因，并不

32、是手机成为一个更严重问题的原因，所以A选项属于张冠李戴；并且这里也没有提到任何隐私问题，所以B选项属于无中生有；C选项“因为有强有力的证据证明手机的问题”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章开头就提到了“Why are mobiles so popular?（为什么手机如此受欢迎?）”，由此可知文章接下来都是在谈手机受欢迎的原因，所以A选项“为什么手机如此受欢迎”正确。B选项“手机有用还是没用”，文章主要探讨的是手机受欢迎的原因，并不是手机的用处，属于无中生有；C选项“手机危害健康”，文章只在最后一段提到使用手机会对身体造成危害，并不能用来概括整篇文章，属于以偏概全

33、；D选项“为什么要设计手机”文章并没有对设计手机的原因进行阐述，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题Though fined several times, he still （ ）no importance to his old habits.问题1选项A.adheresB.clingsC.sticksD.attaches【答案】D【解析】attach importance to为固定搭配, 意为“重视, 注意”。句意：尽管被罚了几次款, 他仍然不重视他的旧习惯。选项D符合句意。16. 单选题He gave us an（ ）consent to take the apples, for

34、 he smiled when he saw us do it问题1选项A.exaggeratedB.implicitC.impartialD.extravagant【答案】B【解析】exaggerated夸张的；implicit含蓄的, 暗示的；impartial公正的；extravagant奢侈的, 浪费的。句意：他默许我们拿走苹果, 因为当他看到我们这样做时, 他笑了。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题The Chinese polar explorers took every precaution to（ ）the dangers of their trip.问题1选项A.minimize

35、B.extinguishC.shrinkD.prevent【答案】A【解析】句意：中国极地探险者采取了一切预防措施，把旅行的危险降到了最低。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题Language, culture and personality may be considered（ ）of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.indefinitelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently【答案】D【解析】indistinctly朦胧地；indefinitely无限地

36、, 不明确地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词, 选项D符合语境。19. 单选题The addictive nature of online gambling has forced many _ garners to seek treatment.问题1选项A.sedativeB.fortifiedC.compulsiveD.impulsive【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项sedative“镇静剂”；B选项fortified“（在物质或精神上）加强”；C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”；D选项i

37、mpulsive“易冲动的”。句意：在线赌博成瘾的基本特征迫使许多_的赌徒寻求治疗。这里的赌徒对赌博上瘾，不能控制自己停下赌博，C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”形容他们符合题意。因此C选项正确。20. 单选题The （ ）of modem bridge is made of concrete or steel and covered with something else.问题1选项A.archB.platformC.skeletonD.coating【答案】A【解析】arch拱形, 拱门；platform平台, 月台；skeleton骨架, 骨骼；coating 涂层, 包衣。句意：现代桥梁的拱是由混凝土或钢制成的, 上面覆盖着其他的材料。选项A符合句意。