2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第45期

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rat

2、e all manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television,

3、turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive eth

4、os of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the

5、past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people any

6、where report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published their thousands online, Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with th

7、eir friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important means of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “ope

8、n government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches

9、to journalism, such as that practiced by Wiki leaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news enviro

10、nment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As con

11、sumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffe

12、e house is back. Enjoy it.1. According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?2. Which of the following statements best supports “Now, the new industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?3. According to the passage, which is NOT a

13、 role played by information technology?4. The authors tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is _.5. In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolize _.问题1选项A.The emergence of big mass media firms.B.The popularity of radio and television.C.The appearance of advertising in newspa

14、pers.D.The increasing number of newspaper readers.问题2选项A.Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.B.People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.C.Classified documents are published in their thousands online.D.More people are involved in finding, discussing

15、 and distributing news.问题3选项A.Challenging the traditional media.B.Planning the return to coffee-house news.C.Providing people with access to classified files.D.Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.问题4选项A.optimistic and cautiousB.supportive and skepticalC.doubtful and reservedD.ambiguous

16、 and cautious问题5选项A.the changing characteristics of news audienceB.the more diversified means of news distributionC.the participatory nature of newsD.the more varied sources of news【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-au

17、dience newspaper.（1833年，第一份大众报纸问世，一切都改变了。） C选项“广告在报纸上的出现”，符合文章内容，报纸的出现引发了咖啡馆新闻向大众媒体新闻的转变，C选项正确。A选项“大型大众传媒公司的出现”，文章第一段提到，首先是报纸，其次才是媒体，因此A选项可排除。B选项“收音机和电视的普及”，文章媒体是继报纸之后出现的，B选项可排除。D选项“越来越多的报纸读者”，文章没有提到这个内容，因此可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Most strikingly, ordinary people are incre

18、asingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news.（最引人注目的是，越来越多的普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和发布新闻中来）。D选项“更多的人参与寻找、讨论和传播新闻”，D选项最能够支撑此观点，D选项正确。A选项“从2005年到2009年，全球报纸发行量增长了6%”，这只是陈述一件事实，因此A选项可排除。B选项“西方世界的人们正在放弃报纸和电视新闻”，他们转而以完全不同的方式来跟踪事件。C选项“成千上万的机密文件被公布在网上”，也不能最支撑这个观点，因此C选项可排除。因此D

19、选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。B选项“计划回归咖啡屋新闻”，新闻行业正在回归到更接近咖啡屋的状态，但这不是信息技术的功劳，因此B选项正确。A选项“挑战传统媒体”，信息新技术的出现，确实在一定程度上挑战了传统媒体，人们在一定程度上放弃了报纸和电视新闻，因此A选项可排除。C选项“让人们接触机密文件”，信息新技术使人们接触到了机密文件，因为成千上万的机密文件被公布在网上。因此C选项可排除。D选项“给普通人提供新闻的机会”，文章所说“普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和发布新闻中来”，因此D选项可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可

20、以定位到文章最后一段第一句In principle, every liberal should celebrate this.（原则上，每一个自由主义者都应该为此庆祝）以及第七句As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources.（作为新兴的新闻的生产者，个人可以对事实审慎，对消息来源透明），从中可以看出，作者的态度是积极的并且谨慎的，A选项“乐观且谨慎”正确。因此A选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可

21、以定位到文章最后一段第二句A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources.（一个更具参与性和社会性的新闻环境，具有显著的多样性和新闻来源的范围），可推测“咖啡屋的最佳象征”新闻的参与性。C选项“新闻的参与性”，概述了最开始是咖啡馆是新闻的各种传播方式，而所有的方式共同具有的特点就是通过人们的参与进行相互传播和扩散，后文点明的互联网正在让新闻回归到前咖啡馆时的发展状态，使其变得更加具有参与性，C选项正确。A选项“新闻受众特征的变化”，文章

22、没有提到是新闻的受众特征发生变化，可排除A选项。B选项“新闻传播方式更加多样化”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“新闻来源越丰富”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。2. 单选题Originally, plastic was hailed for its potential to reduce humankinds heavy environmental footprint. The earliest plastic were invented as substitutes for shrinking supplies of natural materials like i

23、vory or tortoiseshell. Today, plastic is perceived as natures nemesis. But a generic distaste for plastic can muddy our thinking about the trade-offs involved when we replace plastic with other materials.Take plastic bags, the emblem for all bad things. They clog storm drains, tangle up recycling eq

24、uipment, litter parks and beaches and threaten wildlife on land and at sea. Such problems have fueled bans on bags around the world and in more than a dozen American cities. Unfortunately, the bans typically lead to a huge increase in the use of paper bags, which also have environmental drawbacks. I

25、n other words, plastics arent necessarily bad for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.Its estimated that half of the nearly 600 billion pounds of plastics produced each, year go into single-use products. Some are indisputably valuable, like disposable syringes, which

26、have been a great ally in preventing the spread of infectious diseases like HIV and even plastic water bottles, which, after diseases like the Japanese tsunami, are critical to saving lives. Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are ess

27、entially prefab litter with a heavy environmental cost.And theres another cost. Pouring so much plastic into disposable conveniences has helped to diminish our view of a family of materials we once held in high esteem. Plastic has become synonymous with cheap and worthless, when in fact those chains

28、 of hydrocarbons ought to be regarded as among the most valuable substances on the planet. If we understood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.In a world of nearly seven billion souls and countin

29、g, we are not going to feed, clothe and house ourselves solely from wood, ore and stone; we need plastics. And in an era when were concerned about our carbon footprint, we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.Yet we cant hope to

30、 achieve plastics promise for the 21st century if we stick with wasteful 20th century habits of plastic production and consumption. We have the technology to make better and safer plastics-forged from renewable sources, rather than finite fossil fuels, using chemicals that inflict minimal or no harm

31、 on the planet and our health.1. From the results of banning plastic bags, we learn that _.2. What do we know about the single-use plastic products from the third paragraph?3. The author believes that people would stop wasting plastic if they _.4. Lightweight plastics enjoy great advantage over othe

32、r materials in that that they are _.5. Whats the authors attitude towards the future of plastic?问题1选项A.better materials are still to be found to replace plastic bagsB.the way of making and using plastic bags matters a lotC.plastic bags really cause many environmental problemsD.the bans on plastic ba

33、gs greatly boost the paper industry问题2选项A.Plastic bags account for only a small part.B.They are all indispensable in emergencies or disasters.C.Masses of them usually end up as litter.D.Most are made good use of by people.问题3选项A.knew the history of its inventionB.got punished for wasting itC.realize

34、d its impact on the environmentD.didnt take its value for granted问题4选项A.more durable and harder to breakB.energy-efficient in making and transportingC.easy to produce and useD.widely used in green technology问题5选项A.ObjectiveB.PessimisticC.PassionateD.Unknown【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【

35、试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句In other words, plastics arent necessarily bad for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.（换句话说，塑料不一定对环境有害；我们制造和使用它们的方式才是问题所在。因此可推测，对于塑料对环境是否有害，取决于制造和使用方式）。B选项“制作和使用塑料袋的方法很重要”，B选项符合题意。A选项“人们仍在寻找更好的材料来取代塑料袋”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“塑料袋确实造成了许多环境问题”，文

36、章对塑料袋造成禁令，但是也会造成纸袋的使用上升，因此可排除C选项。D选项“禁止使用塑料袋极大地促进了造纸业的发展”，文章中没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with a heavy environmental cost.（然而，许多一次性用品，比如

37、海滩清洁用品中常见的袋子、吸管和包装，本质上都是预制垃圾，造成了沉重的环境成本）。C选项“大量的垃圾通常会被丢弃”，文章所说，塑料的本质都是预制垃圾，因此可推测，塑料会被当成垃圾扔掉，因此C选项正确。A选项“塑料袋只占小部分”，文章所说，许多一次性用品，例如常见的袋子，说明塑料袋不只占小部分，因此A选项可排除。B选项“它们在紧急情况或灾难中都是必不可少的”，文章所说，它们只是对生命拯救至关重要，没有说是必不可少的，因此B选项可排除。D选项“大多数都被人们很好地利用了”，文章所说，会把塑料浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实

38、题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段最后一句If we understood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.（如果我们理解塑料的真正价值，我们就不会再把它浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，而是更好地利用这种多功能材料为我们做的事情）。D选项“没有认为它的价值是理所当然的”，文章所说，如果人们理解塑料的真正价值，便不会浪费塑料，因此D选项正确。A选项“知道

39、它的发明历史”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因为浪费了它而受到惩罚”，文章没有提到，浪费塑料会受到惩罚，因此B选项可排除。C选项“意识到它对环境的影响”，文章所说，即便知道会污染环境，人们还是在浪费塑料，因此C选项可排除。因此正确答案为D选项。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第五段最后一句we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.（我们可以认识到，与许多其他材料相比，轻质

40、塑料的生产和运输所消耗的能源更少）。B选项“在制造和运输上节能”，文章所说，轻质塑料的生产和运输所消耗的能源更少，因此B选项正确。A选项“更耐用，更不易断裂”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“易于生产和使用”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。D选项“广泛应用于绿色科技”，塑料并没有广泛地运用在绿色科技，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者既讲述了塑料的危害，也说了对于塑料的使用需要明白制作和使用方式以及理解塑料的真正价值，因此作者对待塑料的态度是客观理性的。A选项“客观的”符合作者的观点态度，因此正确答案为A选项。3. 单选题M

41、arc Hooper, not long promoted to CEO of confectionery giant Spartan Ketley(SK), is very different from his predecessors. He is a corporate lawyer by training, and his background has clearly shaped his management style. He was taught that no work should go unchecked and that no statement can go out w

42、ithout everything being fully defined. ”The legal world teaches you to think in a synthetic way, to take contrasting ideas and thread them together to form a strategy Hooper, with little marketing experience, was not at the top of market observers lists for the job. But here he is, just over a year

43、into the role and seemingly on top of things.Educated at Harvard University, Hooper started his career with well-known New York consultants Cox & Leight(C&L), and became a specialist in mergers and acquisitions. It was a tremendous training ground and I could have stayed in mergers and acquisitions

44、I found the work interesting. But another opportunity presented itself: SK offered him a job as general advisor. Hooper knew SK well because C&L was its main New York consultancy firm and Hooper looked after its account.Hooper liked SK and when they came calling, several factors weighed on his mind.

45、 “I admired SK and thought it would be a great place to work. C&L had told me I was only five years through a ten-year journey to become a partner. Also, for three years in a row my pay at C&L had stayed the same. Finally, I was working very long hours in a large, impersonal office and it seemed lik

46、e an intelligent lifestyle decision to take a job with a different company.Hooper became established at SK, and soon felt ready for a higher position, but was told that no one could get on at SK unless they had been in sales and marketing. I had to make a move, “says Hooper.” I took a risk; I became

47、 head of marketing in Europe. In fact, this was a sideways move-not for more money but to add to his knowledge and to further his career. The first challenge was that he found himself in charge of 25 bright young marketing people. “I had to work hard to keep up,” he admits.Throughout, he has remaine

48、d focused, his eye always on the main prize. His elevation to CEO, he says, is proof of SKS inclusiveness. “We are always open to people with fresh ideas, as CEO I support anyone who is willing to take a chance and who wants to stretch themselves. If you are keen to develop and prove you can succeed

49、, this company will provide the challenge you need.” And in line with this philosophy, Hooper is not an autocratic leader his style is to consult, to seek advice, then to act.1. The choice of Mare Hooper as Spartan Ketleys CEO was surprising because _.2. What does Hooper say about his first job?3. O

50、ne of the reasons for Hooper leaving Cox and Leight was _.4. After some time at Spartan Ketley, Hooper changed departments because _.5. Hooper says that his policy as CEO is to _.问题1选项A.he knew more about law than marketingB.he had little experience of strategic planningC.he had been with the compan

51、y for a short timeD.he intended to take the company in a different direction问题2选项A.He regarded the job as a means to a more interesting careerB.He gained useful skills while he was with the company.C.He found that his education prepared him well for the job.D.He enjoyed working for such a prestigiou

52、s company.问题3选项A.he had no chance of becoming a partnerB.he was not happy with the working conditionsC.he wanted to move to a workplace in a different area.D.he felt it was important to change jobs every few years问题4选项A.he did not find his current job financially rewarding enoughB.he wanted to have

53、experience of working in EuropeC.it was an opportunity to work with young peopleD.it improved his chances of promotion问题5选项A.develop a sense of competition within his workforceB.train people to become proficient in a wide range of skillsC.hire staff who are not afraid to make important decisionsD.en

54、courage employees to be innovative in their approach to work【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段The legal world teaches you to think in a synthetic way, to take contrasting ideas and thread them together to form a strategy Hooper, with little marketing experience, was

55、not at the top of market observers lists for the job.（法律世界教会你以一种综合的方式思考，将不同的观点结合在一起，形成一个战略Hooper，因为几乎没有营销经验，所以不是市场观察人士对该工作的首选。）A选项“他的法律知识比市场营销知识多”，文章第一段提到，他是一位企业律师，并且没有营销策略，因此A选项正确。B选项“他几乎没有战略规划的经验”，文章只是说他没有营销策略，因此B选项可排除。C选项“他在公司待了一段时间”，这并不能成为马瑞胡珀担任首席执行官令人惊讶的原因，可排除C选项。D选项“他打算使公司朝着不同的方向发展”，文章没有提到这个内容

56、，可排除D选项。因此A选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中第四句It was a tremendous training ground and I could have stayed in mergers and acquisitions I found the work interesting.（那是一个巨大的训练场地，我本可以继续从事并购工作，我发现那份工作很有趣。）选项A“他把这份工作看作是通向更有趣的事业一种手段”，符合文章内容，他认为这份工作很有趣，A选项正确。选项B“他在公司期间获得了有用的技能”，文章并没有提到此内容，可排除。C选

57、项“他发现他所受的教育使他能胜任这项工作”，文章并没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“他很喜欢在如此著名的公司工作”，文章没有提到这个内容，都可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第三段第三句 C&L had told me I was only five years through a ten-year journey to become a partner.（C&L曾告诉我，我要经过10年的努力才能成为合伙人。）因此可推测，Hooper所在公司的晋升条件过高。B选项“他对工作条件不满意”，符合题意，B选项正确。A选项“他没有机会成为合伙人”

58、，这里说他十年努力能够成为合伙人，因此A选项排除。C选项“他想搬到一个不同地区的工作场所”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他觉得每隔几年换一份工作很重要”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到倒数第二段第五句In fact, this was a sideways move-not for more money but to add to his knowledge and to further his career.（事实上，这是一种横向移动不是为了更多的钱，而是为了增加他的知识和进一步发展他的事业），由此可推测

59、，他是为了一个好的事业，才选择换部门。D选项“这增加了他晋升的机会”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“他觉得目前的工作在经济上的回报不够”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“他想有在欧洲工作的经验”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“这是一个和年轻人一起工作的机会”，文章只是说他要努力工作才能赶上年轻人，可排除C选项。因此D选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句as CEO I support anyone who is willing to take a chance and who wants to stretch thems

60、elves.（作为首席执行官，我支持任何愿意碰碰运气、想拓展自己的人。因此可推测Hooper作为首席执行官，会鼓励员工拓展自己，革新自己。）D选项“鼓励员工在工作方式上创新”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“在员工中培养竞争意识”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“培训人们，使他们精通各种技能”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“雇佣那些敢于做出重要决定的员工”，文章所说“如果你渴望发展并证明你能成功，本公司将提供你所需要的挑战”，因此C选项不符合句意，可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。4. 单选题One lesson of the financial crisis is this: wh

61、en the entire financial system succumbs to panic, only the government is powerful enough to prevent a complete collapse. Panics signify the triumph of fear. Troubled Assets Relieve Program (TARP) was part of the process by which fear was overcome. It wasnt the only part, but it was an essential part

62、. Without TARP, wed be worse off today. No one can say whether unemployment would be 11% or 14%; it certainly wouldnt be 8.9%.That benefited all Americans. TARP, says Douglas Elliott of the Brookings Institution, “is the best large federal program to be despised by the public.” The source of outrage

63、 is no secret. Bankers are blamed for the crisis and reviled. The bank bailout-TARPs first and most important purpose-was unpopular. Most Americans, says Elliott, “believe that taxpayers spent $700 billion and got nothing in return.”What this ignores is that an alternative being promoted at the time

64、 was widespread nationalization of banks. The cost would have been many times higher; the practical problems would have been enormous. As it was, TARP invested $245 billion in banks. The extra capital helped restore trust. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve increased its lending; the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, guaranteed $350 billion of bank borrowings. Banks resumed dealing with each other because they regained confidence that commitments would be