2022年考博英语-山东大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第90期

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.【答案】直到人类意识到把人口减到一半，直到能使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物，否则人们将必须接受更多的“人造食品”。2. 写作题As the s

2、ociety develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent. Please make comment on the phenomena.【答案】It seems very ridiculous that people living so near dont know each other for such a long time. However, the condition is performed everywhere. It is the exact reflection of in

3、terpersonal relationships in the modem world where most people live in apartments. They close their doors and never go out as soon as they get home from work. If they live alone, they will kill their time by watching TV or reading magazines. They don t have any connections even with their closest ne

4、ighbors，who seem no different from people they meet every day in the street.This phenomenon is neither good to us, nor to our society. People will feel lonely and become more and more indifferent so that interpersonal relationships are not harmonious. Interpersonal communication is very important to

5、 us. Firstly, it is essential for our physical well-being. Lack of communication shows a wide range of medical hazards. Socially isolated people are found to be two or three times more likely to suffer from poor health than those with strong social ties. Steady interpersonal communication contribute

6、s to the longevity of our lives. Secondly, interpersonal communication enables us to have a sense of our identity. Deprived of communication with others, we can hardly have a clear idea of identity. Our sense of identity comes from the way we interact with other people. We decide what we are like ba

7、sed on how others react to us. In our life we need to feel a sense of belonging to some personal relationship. We need to influence others and feel some sense of power over our world, and to care for others and know that they care for us, thus to have a sense of affection and friendship. Lastly, int

8、erpersonal communication is the means of important information in every respect, which makes us well informed and helps us to grow.To sum up, interpersonal communication is just as necessary as water and air to us in our work and life. We should pay great attention to the amount of interpersonal com

9、munication as well as to the ways of doing it. Proper and skillful interpersonal communication will satisfy our physical needs, psychological needs, social needs and practical needs.3. 单选题（ ）what has been said，it is unlike that population growth will be halted，either in the developed or in the undev

10、eloped world.问题1选项A.In view ofB.On behalf ofC.For the sake ofD.With the exception of【答案】A【解析】介词词组解析。in view of “ 鉴于，考虑到”；on behalf of “ 代表，为了”；for the sake of “由于，因为”；with the exception of “除了以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题The UN official said aid programs will be _ until t

11、here is adequate protection for relief personnel.问题1选项A.multipliedB.arrestedC.spannedD.suspended【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。multiple “增加”；arrest “逮捕”；span “跨越”；suspend “推迟，延缓”。句意：这位联合国官员说救援项目将会被推迟，直到对救援人员有足够的保护为止。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The criminal was told he would be（ ）from punishment if he said what he knew about the

12、 murder.问题1选项A.immuneB.immigrantC.imminentD.infallible【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。immune “免疫的”； immigrant “移民的”；imminent “即将来临的”；infallible “绝对可靠的”。句意：如果这个罪犯能说出有关谋杀犯的事，他可以免受惩罚。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national park system alone, keeping up wit

13、h needed repairs is_（ ）_.问题1选项A.overwhelmingB.appallingC.dominantD.appealing【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。overwhelming “势不可挡的”；appalling “令人震惊的”；dominant “主导的”；appealing “吸引力的”。句意：仅国家公园系统就拥有价值300亿到500亿美元的设施和9000英里的道路，维修花费是令人吃惊的。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an adv

14、anced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。ingredient “要素，组成部分”，reliance “信赖”；shelter “庇护，避难所”；inclination “倾向，爱好”。句意：多我们来说知识是舒适而必要的归宿在我们年老的时候，如果年轻时不开始，年老的时候它就不会给我们遮阴。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The d

15、iscussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。at large “整个地”；at intervals “不时”；at ease “不紧张”；at random“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题As a person who combines care with _, M

16、arisa completed her duties with _ as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity resignationB.enthusiasm meticulousnessC.vitality willingnessD.empathy rigor【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。levity “多变，轻浮”；resignation “辞职，放弃”；enthusiasm “热情，积极性”；meticulousness “谨小慎微”；vitality “活力，生气”；willingness “意愿，乐意”；empathy “同感，共鸣”；rigor “严厉，精确”。句

17、意：作为一个既谨慎又积极的人，玛丽莎细致而又热情地完成了她的职责。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a（ ）instrument, but this would be quite unsuitable for weighing coal, sand or blocks of stone.问题1选项A.distinctionB.correctionC.precautionD.precision【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。distinction “区别”；correction “改正”；prec

18、aution “预防”；precision “精确的”。句意：用来称药品和珠宝的是一种精密仪器，这种仪器不合适称煤、沙或石块的重量。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。improve “改善”；en

19、hance “加强”；guarantee “保证”；gear “开动，使合适”。句意：为了在国家激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产产品的数量和种类适合市场需求。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题A few common misconceptions: Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 y

20、ears, social scientists have conducted more than 1, 000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be tre

21、ated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties（虔诚）while acting just the contrary. Thei

22、r typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures a

23、re different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost inva

24、riably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Ut

25、ah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they

26、are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire （追求）to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.1.According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career

27、as a manager_.2.The result of research carried out by social scientists show that_ .3.Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes_.4.“Good looks cut both ways for women” （Line 1，Para. 5） means that_ .5.It can be inferred from the passage that in t

28、he business world_.问题1选项A.a persons property or debts do not matter muchB.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC.women should always dress fashionablyD.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded问题2选项A.people do not realize the importance of looking ones bestB.wom

29、en in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC.good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not问题3选项A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB.they do not usually act according to the views they

30、 supportC.they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD.they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments问题4选项A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB.good-looking women always get the best of everythingC.being attractive is not always an advanta

31、ge for womenD.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions问题5选项A.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC.physically attractive men and women who are

32、in the public eye usually get along quite wellD.good looks are important for women as they are for men【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“A few common misconceptions: Beauty is only skin-deep.”，可知很多人误解地认为美是肤浅的。后一句“A woman should always try to look her best.”，说明女性应该让自己看起来最好才是作者想要表达的正确观点

33、。选项B符合题意。 2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated.”，照片上的人越漂亮，评价就越高，说明外貌是一个优势。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段， “the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary.”，说明我们嘴上说着虔诚的话，但是实际行动却是相反的，也就是不会根据自己支持的观点行事。选项B符合题意。 4.语义题。根据文章第五段，“

34、women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.”说明有足够的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表没有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不总是能带来优势。选项C符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men.”，说明在事业中，外貌的吸引力对女性的影响大于男性。选项A符合题意。 13. 单选

35、题Scientists are searching for the oldest tree _ because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.问题1选项A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live【答案】B【解析】同根词词义辨析。lively “活泼的，充满生气的”；alive “活着的”；living “现存的”；live “生动的”。句意：科学家正在寻找活着的古老的树，因为可以教他们许多有关于气候变化的问题。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Arriving

36、 anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily _ for a month or a year as for a single day.问题1选项A.put upB.stay upC.speed upD.make up【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。put up for “获得食宿安排”； stay up “熬夜”； speed up “加速”； make up “组成，补充，编造”。句意：带着这些财产去任何地方，你可以住上一个月或者一年，就像过上一天一样。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题Because Jenkins neithe

37、r _ nor defends either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic_.问题1选项A.criticizes. acumenB.attacks.neutralityC.confronts.aptitudeD.dismisses.flair【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。criticize “批评，评论”；attack “攻击，抨击”；confront “面对，遭遇”；dismiss “解散，解雇”。acumen “聪明，敏锐”；neutrality “中立”；aptitude “

38、天资”；flair “资质”。句意：因为詹金斯对于管理层和罢工工人既不批评也不为之辩护，两个助手都很佩服他的新闻敏锐感。选项A符合题意。16. 翻译题Consider the survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, theyll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of the latter.【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都

39、想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。17. 单选题The spy gave General Washington a(n) （ ）report on enemy activities.问题1选项A.confidentB.influentialC.confidentialD.substantial【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。confident “自信的”；influential “有影响力的”； confidential “机密的”；substantial “实质的”。句意：这个间谍给了华盛顿总统一个有关于敌人活动的机密报告。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题If th

40、e heavy rain had（ ）an extreme high tide，serious flooding would have resulted.问题1选项A.happened toB.occurred toC.coincided withD.turned out【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。happened to “碰巧”；occurred to “想起”；coincided with “与相一致”；turned out “结果是”。句意：如果大鱼正好逢上极端高潮，可能会导致严重的洪水。选项C符合题意。19. 翻译题According to a growing body of ex

41、perience, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.【答案】根据越来越多的亲身体验，许多制成塑料制品的化学用品可能会移动到食物和流体上，最终进入你的体内。20. 单选题The Psychology of Warranties Protection RacketIf extended guarantees are overpriced, why are they so popular?

42、CUSTOMERS tend to agonise over the relative merits of different models of electronic goods such as digital cameras or plasma televisions. But when they get to the till, many spend freely on something they barely think about at all: an extended warranty, which is often more profitable to the retailer

43、 than the device it covers.Shoppers typically pay 10% -50% of the cost of a product to insure it beyond the term covered by the manufacturers guarantee. （ 1） Yet products rarely break within the period covered, and repairs tend to cost no more than the warranty itself. （ 2）So why, asks a paper publi

44、shed in the December issue of the Journal of Consumer Research, so many consumers still buy extended warranties? The authors Tao Chen of the University of Maryland, Ajay Kalra of Rice University and Baohong Sun of Carnegie Mellon University examined purchase data from a big electronics retailer for

45、over 600 households from November 2003 to October 2004.（3 ）If a customer is about to buy something fun (i. e., a plasma television rather than a vacuum cleaner), he will be more inclined to splash out on extra insurance. This is because consumers value “hedonic” items over utilitarian ones, regardle

46、ss of the actual price tag. （4 ） The study also found that poorer consumers are more likely to buy “potentially unnecessary and overpriced insurance”, because they are more worried about the expense of replacing a product if it breaks.（ 5） But although most policies go unused, he admits that the emo

47、tional tranquility that comes with buying a new warranty is not in itself without value, even if “rationally, it doesnt make sense”.问题1选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and the

48、re is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedo

49、nic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion ann

50、ually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题2选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually

51、promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a war

52、ranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week,

53、a trade journal.问题3选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between o

54、ne and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The po

55、pularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题4选项A.This is especially true if the item

56、 is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one sp

57、ecies man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the like

58、lihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题5选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyer

59、s feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature o

60、f his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes

61、warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.【答案】第1题:B第2题:G第3题:E第4题:A第5题:F【解析】1. 根据上下文，空格前提到人们通常会支付一部分钱来延长保险期使其超过制造商的保修期，空格后提到维修费用不会超过保证书承诺的额度，选项B中the term和上文形成照应，对上文提到的制造商担保的保修期进行了进一步解释。句意：保险协议的条款各不相同（通

62、常有很多细则），但他们通常承诺在一到四年里可以修复或更换有故障的设备，选项B符合题意。2. 根据上下文，空格处是第三段的最后一句，选项G是上文所描述的情况的结果，也就是保单之诈带来的结果，使保单业务利润惊人，而且本句也有点题的作用。选项G符合题意。3.根据上下文，空格上一段的开头so why提出疑问，为什么有如此多的人还要购买保单呢？紧接着提到了一系列的调查数据，可推断空格应该是一个结果的呈现。选项E中they concluded that说明是调查的结果，句意：他们总结道：购买保修单的决定在很大程度上与购物者的心情有关。选项E符合题意。4. 根据上下文，空格上一句提到，重视享乐的人们更倾向于在保险上花钱，而不顾产品真实的