2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第55期

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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The American society is laid on an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.问题1选项A.established onB.affiliated onC.originated fromD.incorporated with【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。be laid on意为“被放置在上

2、面”；be established on意为“被建立在上面”；没有be affiliated on这样的搭配，affiliate意为“使隶属，加入”；be originated from意为“源自于”；be incorporated with意为“与合并”。句意：美国社会建立在一个自然资源极其不稳定的基础上，这可能与环境的恶化有关。2. 单选题Both parties promised to（ ）the contract to be signed the following day.问题1选项A.keep withB.tangle withC.adhere toD.devote to【答案】C

3、【解析】考查词组辨析。keep with意为“陪伴”；tangle with意为“与吵架，与争论”；adhere to意为“遵循，依附，坚持”；devote to意为“专用于做，专心于做”。句意：双方都承诺遵守次日将要签署的合约。3. 单选题Who can shed light on the reasons?问题1选项A.turn onB.explainC.dissipateD.appeal【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。shed light on意为“阐明，解释，将弄明白”；turn on意为“打开”；explain意为“讲解，解释”；dissipate意为“驱散，消失”；appeal意为“

4、上诉，申诉，呼吁”。句意：谁能解释原因呢？4. 单选题Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners

5、 and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most compl

6、icated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and

7、McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ tra

8、nsplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent o

9、r more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know you

10、r audience, and know your customer.41. According to the passage, which of the following is true?（ ）42. According to the author, the model of Pepsi（ ）.43. The two schools of thought（ ）.44. This article is supposed to be most useful for those（ ）.45. According to Fortune, successful international compa

11、nies（ ）.问题1选项A.All international managers can learn culture.B.Business diversity is not necessary.C.Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.D.Most people do not know foreign culture well.问题2选项A.is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world ar

12、oundB.is different from the model of McDonaldsC.shows the reverse of globalizationD.has converged cultural differences问题3选项A.both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual culturesB.both advocate that dfferent policies be set up in dfferent countriesC.admit the existence

13、 of cultural diversity in business worldD.Both A and B问题4选项A.who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB.who have connections to more than one type of cultureC.who want to travel abroadD.who want to run business on International Scale问题5选项A.earn 20 percent or more of their rev

14、enue overseasB.all have the quality of patienceC.will follow the overseas local culturesD.adopt the policy of internationalization【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】41.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。A选项“所有国际经理人都可以学习文化”，根据第一段最后一句话可知，有些知识只

15、能根据经验获得，所以A选项太过绝对；B选项“商业多样性没有必要”说法错误；C选项“在商业世界中如何对待文化有不同的看法”符合题意；D选项“大多数人不了解外国文化”文中没有提到，因此C选项正确。42. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意可定位到文章第二段的第二、三句话“Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the mode

16、l of Pepsi and McDonalds.（在如何应对文化多样性的问题上，商界存在着两种思想流派。一是商业是世界商业，全球都在效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。）”。A选项“符合倡导商业是世界商业的学派的理论”符合题意；B选项“与麦当劳的模式不同”说法错误，两者在商业模式上相同；C选项“显示了全球化的反面”说法错误；D选项“融合了文化差异”文中没有提到。43. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题意定位到文章的第二、三段。二、三段主要描述了两种商业思想流派。A选项“二者都建议公司应该根据个人文化来调整商业方法”说法错误，这只是第二种流派的建议；B选项“两者都主张在不同的国家应制定不同的政

17、策”也只是第二种流派的建议；C选项“承认商业世界中存在着文化的多样性”符合题意；D选项“A和B都正确”错误，因此C选项正确。44. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。A选项“对文化多样性研究感兴趣的人”不符合文章大意；B选项“与一种以上的文化有联系的人”不符合文章大意；C选项“想要出国旅行的人”不符合文章大意；D选项“想要在国际范围内经营生意的人”符合文章大意，因此D选项正确。45. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段的第二句“The internationally succe

18、ssful companies all share an important quality: patience.（国际上成功的公司都有一个共同的重要品质：耐心。）”。A选项“海外收入占总收入的20%以上”只能说明公司很成功，并不是成功的原因；B选项“都有耐心的品质”符合题意；C选项“会跟随海外本土文化”和 D选项“采取国际化政策”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。5. 翻译题Abstraction is an old story with the philosophers, but it has been like a new toy in the hands of the artists o

19、f our day. Why cant we have any one quality of poetry we choose by itself? We can have in thought. Then it will go hard if we cant in practice. Our lives for it.Granted, no one but a humanist much cares how sound a poem is if it is only a sound. The sound is the gold in the ore. Then we will have th

20、e sound out alone and dispense with the inessential. We do till we make the discovery that the object in writing poetry is to make all poems sound as different as possible from each other.It should be of the pleasure of a poem itself to tell how it can. The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight

21、and ends in wisdom. The figure is the same as for love. No one can really hold that the ecstasy should be static and stand still in one place. It begins in delight, it inclines to the impulse, it assumes direction with the first line laid down, it runs a course of lucky events, and ends in a clarifi

22、cation of lifenot necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion. It has denouement. It has an outcome that though unforeseen was predestined from the first image of the original moodand indeed from the very mood.【答案】【参考译文】抽象对哲学家来

23、说已是轻车熟路，但对当代艺术家们却还是比较陌生。为什么我们不能把诗本身的特质抽象出来呢？我们可以意会这种特质的存在，但是如果我们不能实际找出这种特质，那么它是否存在可能就会成为一个问题。我们的生命向往那种特质。如果诗真的只是一种音律，我们认为只有古典文学爱好者才会关注它的完美。音律就像掺在矿石里的金子，我们只需把金子挑出，抛弃其他非必要之物。过去我们一直这样认识，直到发现写诗的目标竟然是尽量使得所有诗彼此不同。如果一首诗本身能说明它的形成过程，这将是非常愉快的。这就是一首诗的思路历程：它从愉悦的激情开始，以智慧的理性结束。这历程同爱情一样，没有人能够让那种强烈的情感静止于一点。它以愉悦的激情开

24、始，趋向狂热的冲动，追踪着写出第一行诗所设定的方向，经历一系列妙手偶得的过程，达到一个恬适宁静的人生境界。并不需要宗教仪式里的那种庄严伟大，只要能片刻脱离尘世的纷扰。它有一个结束，它的结束虽难以预料但却已由其最初展现的心情注定，的确是完全由原来心情确定。6. 翻译题If we want to foster a culture of conservation, well have to work at changing a host of things, from ads to zoos, from how we put food on our plates to how we imagine

25、our role in the universe. Out of all these necessary changes, I wish to speak about one that is close to my heart as a storyteller, which is the need to root language once more in the earth. We need to recover the fertile meanings of words that arise out of our long evolutionary contact with dirt an

26、d wind, rivers and woods, animals and plants.At the root of language, we often find an earthy wisdom. Take the word “growth” for example, when Donella Meadows and her colleague published a report in 1972 on the prospects for the continued expansion of the human economy, they called their book The Li

27、mits to Growth. The very title provoked outrage in many circles, because a prime creed in the techno-industrial world is that there are no limits to growth. According to this creed, any constraints imposed by nature will be overcome by technical ingenuity or the free market. Mining, drilling, pumpin

28、g, clearing, plowing, manufacturing, and consumingalong with the human population that drives it allwill expand forever. Politicians and business leaders speak of growth as unbounded and unambiguously good.【答案】【参考译文】如果我们想要培养一种保护文化，那么我们将不得不进行许多改变，从广告到动物园，从食物的加工过程到对自己在宇宙中角色的界定。在这些所有必要的改变中，我想要以一个讲故事的人的

29、身份来谈及一个我最为关心的改变让语言再次回归本土。在漫长的进化过程中，我们与尘土、风、河流、森林、动物和植物的接触产生了词汇，我们需要恢复这些词汇丰富的含义。分析语言的本质，我们经常发现朴实的智慧。以“growth”一词为例，当德内拉梅多斯和她的同事于1972年发表了一份关于人类经济持续发展前景的报告时，她们将其命名为增长的极限。正是这一标题在很多领域引起了愤怒，因为技术工业世界的一个主要信条是增长不受限制。根据这个信条，自然施加的任何限制将会因技术创新或自由市场而被克服。采矿、钻探、抽水、清除、耕作、制造、消费（连同作为这些行为实施者的人类）都将会不断发展。政治家和商业领袖说增长是不受控制的

30、而且一定是好的。7. 单选题The officer murmured his consent.问题1选项A.stutteredB.noddedC.mumbledD.uttered【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。murmur意为“低语，喃喃细语”；stutter意为“口吃，结结巴巴地说”；nod意为“点头”；mumble意为“嘟哝，低声说”；utter意为“说，出声”。句意：警官低声表示同意。8. 单选题The skunk protects itself from enemies by spraying them with a substance that stinks.问题1选项A.sting

31、s the eyesB.smells badC.causes itchingD.discolors the skin【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。stink意为“有臭味，有难闻的气味”；sting the eyes意为“刺眼”；smell bad意为“难闻，刺鼻的怪味”；cause itching意为“引起瘙痒”；discolor the skin意为“使皮肤变色”。句意：臭鼬通过喷洒一种散发臭味的物质来保护自己免受敌人的攻击。9. 翻译题Put the following 3 English sentences into Chinese and 3 Chinese sentences in

32、to English.因为博客的实质只不过是一种“网络白志”，即在网页上按照吋间顺序排列个人信息 的一种记录形式。博客的最大特点就是利用网络空间，发表自己的观点主张，最大 程度地彰显个人的自主性或独立性。尽管它正在成为-种越来越重要的文化载体甚 至社会载体，但是无论如何都不可能取代最古老的知识传承方式读书。中国的传统节日的食俗丰富多彩，且有悠久历史。刚刚过去的春节是我国最最重要 的节日，人们通常从它的前夜-除夕就开始准备了。这一天人们一般都会吃鸡、 鸭、鱼、肉、饺子等。再过几天就是端午节了，这个节日的重要食俗就是吃粽子(rice dumpling)。而吃月饼则是中秋节最具代表性的习俗，人们都喜

33、欢在这天与家人团聚， 边饮酒赏月，边吃月饼。我要强调的是，我们不能因为成功举办了奥运会和经济发展较快而太过骄傲自满。 必须认识到，我们只是一个发展中国家个人口大国、经济小国。对于这么一个国家，不管有多么可观的收入，只要除以13亿，立刻就变成很低的人均水平。 所以，中国的发展道路离真正的富强还很漫长，万里长征才走了几步啊！我们需要 一直努力才行！It was a match of the century between human champion of the Chinese board game Go and Googles computer program kicked off in Se

34、oul last Wednesday, which drew great attention. Googles artificial intelligence software has won its third straight match against a grandmaster of an ancient board game called Go. Googles program, AlphaGo, won four games and lost one in a series of five against Lee Sedol, whos considered one of the

35、worlds best Go players. This means Google has secured the $1 million in prize money from the competition, which it says it will donate to charity. But this was about more than money and bragging rights for Google.The Zika virus was first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the Zika forest of Uganda. I

36、ts historical home has been in a narrow equatorial belt stretching across Africa and into equatorial Asia. For decades, the disease, transmitted by the Aedes genus of mosquito slumbered, affecting mainly monkeys. In humans, Zika occasionally caused a mild disease of low concern. In 2007, Zika expand

37、ed its geographical range to cause the first documented outbreak in the Pacific islands, in the Federated States of Micronesia. From 2013-2014, 4 additional Pacific island nations documented large Zika outbreaks.Chinas stunning economic rise is one of the biggest legends of this generation. In just

38、three decades since beginning to embrace market economics, China has left its desperate poverty behind to become the worlds top exporting nation. The transformation has occurred so quickly that myths and misperceptions abound about the challenges and opportunities that China poses to America and the

39、 rest of the world.【答案】The core of the blogs is just a kind of “network diary，namely, a recording form of displaying the personal information on the web page chronologically. The biggest characteristic of the blog is to use the network space to issue your own point of view and show your personal ind

40、ependence or autonomy by the greatest degree. Although it gradually becomes a more and more important cultural carrier or even the social carrier, no matter what, it could not replace the most ancient way of passing knowledge down wayreading books.China has witnessed a long history of the eating cus

41、toms of traditional festivals, which is full of variety. The Spring Festival just over the past is the most significant festival of all in China. People have prepared for it from eve of it, the New Years Eve. This day, people would eat the chicken, duck, fish, meat and dumplings. In a few more days,

42、 the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. The eating custom of this festival is to eat the race dumplings, while to eat the moon cakes is the most representative eating custom of the Mid-autumn Festival. People would reunite with their families, drinking and enjoying the moon while eating moon cakes.I wa

43、nt to emphasize that we should not be too proud and complacent because of the successful Olympic Games and the rapid economic development. We must realize that ours is just a developing country with a large population but weak economy. For this country, any considerable amount of financial resource,

44、 divided by 1.3 billion, becomes a very low per capital level. Therefore, China is far away from prosperity. How few steps the long journey we have taken! We are going to be working hard.上周三，中国围棋人类冠军与谷歌电脑程序在首尔举行了“世纪之战”，引起了广泛关注。谷歌的人工智能软件已经连续第三次击败名为Go的古老棋盘游戏的大师。名为“阿尔法狗”的谷歌软件在和世界最好的围棋选手李世石的五场比赛以四胜一败结束。

45、这意味着谷歌已经从竞赛中获得了100万美元的奖金，并表示将捐赠给慈善机构。但是这场胜利的意义已经超过了奖金和胜利本身。塞卡病毒最初是1947年从乌干达塞卡森林的一只猴子身上分离出来的。它的历史发源地是一条狭窄的赤道带，横跨非洲，一直延伸到赤道亚洲。几十年来，这种病毒由伊蚊 属蚊虫传播，消无声息，主要感染猴子。在人类身上，塞卡病毒偶尔会引起一种低关注度的轻微疾病。2007年，寨卡病毒扩大了地理范围，导致在太平洋岛屿密克罗尼西亚首次爆发有记载的疫情。2013年至2014年，又有4个太平洋岛屿国家记录了大规模寨卡病毒的爆发。中国惊人的经济增长是这一代人最大的传奇之一。自开始接受市场经济以来的短短三十

46、年里，中国已经摆脱了极度贫困，成为世界上最大的出口国。这种转变发生得如此之快，以至于出现了大量关于中国对美国和世界其他地区带来构成威胁的传说和误解。10. 单选题Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are available in grocery stores.问题1选项A.readyB.approachableC.probableD.obtainable【答案】D【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项proba

47、ble“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得到的，能获得的”。句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。11. 翻译题Confucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning; since 30, I have been well established; since 40, I have understood many things and have no longer been confus

48、ed; since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty; since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other peoples words; and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”The average life expectancy at the Spring and Autumn Periods and Warring States Peri

49、ods was, according to some research, about 19 years. Confucius lived 72 to 73 years, a rare god of longevity in deed. It was even hard for those with power and leisure to reach such an age. Therefore, Confucius could be very well learned, far from what an ordinary person could expect at his times.Th

50、e statistics in 2001 shows that the world life expectancy is 62.27 with the Japanese taking the lead to be 79.66 while China gaining a position surpassing all developing countries by its 69.98. However, the Chinese have not yet reached the age to do what they intend freely without breaking the rules

51、. Thus, rules are hard not to be broken.Calculated in the terms Confucius set for us in learning, those of us who have been learning English for ten years still have a long way to go before reaching the time to be established. To have no confusion, one has to spend 25 years. To truly understand the

52、purpose of English learning, one has to do it for 35 years. It takes 45 years if one wants to distinguish right and wrong in other peoples words, and 55 years to manipulate English language freely without breaking the rules.【答案】【参考译文】子曰“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”根据一些研究，在春秋战国时人的平均

53、寿命大约为19岁。孔子活到了72到73岁，是少有的寿星。在那时，即使是那些有权且生活闲暇的人也很难达到孔子的高寿。所以，孔子的修行是很高的，在当时，非一般人所能企及。2001年的统计数据显示，世界人口平均寿命为62.27岁，其中日本人的平均寿命最高，达到79.66岁，而中国人以平均寿命69.98岁而超过所有发展中国家人口的平均寿命。然而，中国人还没有活到随心所欲而不越出规矩的年龄。因此，不逾矩很难。若以孔子志学的时间推算，我们学习英语10年，还远远不够，因为还没有到而立之年。要想没有疑问，得学25年；要想真正懂得学习英语的目的，得学35年；要想辨别他人英语的好坏，得学45年；要想随心所欲且不逾

54、矩地运用英语，得学55年。12. 单选题The first coins to appear in the Western world were issued by the Lydians and the Ionian Greeks in the eighth century B.C. These coins, which were made of electrum, a natural combination of gold and silver, were irregular in weight and quality and apparently of private issue. The

55、 pure gold and silver coins with related values which appeared during the reign of Croesus (560-546 B.C) provide the first undoubted evidence of standard coinage by state authority. The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck with a hand-wielded hammer. The trend toward comple

56、te mathematical symmetry did not, in fact, begin until the coining press, invented by Leonardo da Vinci in the sixteenth century, was generally adopted in the middle of the seventeenth century.One should not assume, however, that only machine-made coins are prized for their workmanship. The silver d

57、ekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B.C., is considered one of the finest Greek coins and is worth more than a thousand dollars today. An artistic masterpiece of a much later period is the silver taler minted in Ratisbon, southern Germany, in 1754.The value of a coin is not primarily determine

58、d by its age, as many people seem to think. Many Greek and Roman coins that were issued in abundance can be purchased for a moderate price. On the other hand, a German coin made of shrapnel during the First World War is very rare and valuable. Among the especially rare United States coins are the 18

59、04 silver dollar, the 1822 five-dollar gold piece, and the 1894 silver dime.1.Which of the following statements may NOT be right about the coins made in Lydia during the reign of Croesus?2.The authority specifically mentions all of the following specific features of the Syracuse dekadrachm EXCEPT it

60、s （ ）.3.The author makes it clear that the Syracusan dekadrachm and the German taler mentioned in the passage are（ ）.4.Leonardo de Vinci is mentioned in the passage in connection with（ ）.5.The author makes it clear that coins made by machine are（ ）.问题1选项A.They were issued by the governmentB.They wer

61、e given standard valuesC.They were all of equal purityD.They were all alike in shape问题2选项A.appearanceB.scarcityC.valueD.age问题3选项A.handmade Western coinsB.worth about a thousand dollars each todayC.made out of different metalsD.noted for their craftsmanship问题4选项A.the first government issue of coinsB.

62、the artistic aspect of coin makingC.coins issued in the sixteenth centuryD.the production of uniform coins问题5选项A.usually of greater value than handmade coinsB.more uniform in size and shape than handmade coinsC.available in large quantities than handmade coinsD.generally superior in workmanship to h

63、andmade coins【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The pure gold and silver coins with related values which appeared during the reign of Croesus provide the first undoubted evidence of standard coinage by state authority.（克里萨斯国王统治时期出现的具有相关价值的纯金和银币，为国家当局提供了第一个毫无疑问的标准铸币证据）可知A、B、C的选项正确，因此选D。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck with a hand-wielded hammer.（然而，这些硬币的形状并不完美，因为它们是用手握着的锤子敲打的）和第二段中的The silver dekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B.C., is considered one of the finest Greek coins and is worth mor