2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第45期

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外

2、消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。【答案】Innovation in China is booming at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with the developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has greatly increased its research and development fund in recent years. They are also working with science and technolog

3、y parks around the country to commercialize their innovations. At the same time, whether in products or business models, Chinese entrepreneurs are striving to be pioneers in innovation to adapt to the ever-changing and growing needs of domestic and foreign consumer markets.2. 翻译题Directions: Translat

4、e the following passage into English and put your answers on Answer Sheet.皮影戏（ShadowPlay）是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一，两千年前的西汉时期诞生在中国陕西，清代在河北盛极一时。皮影戏的人物道具用兽皮或纸板剪成，演员在一块隔亮布后操纵道具进行表演。中国的不少地方戏曲剧种都是从皮影戏中派生而来。如今，中国皮影被世界各国的博物馆收藏，还是中国政府与其他国家领导人相互往来时的馈赠佳品。【答案】As one of the earliest opera forms and a sort of widespread pu

5、ppet play in China, Shadow puppetry was born in Shaanxi, China, during the Western Han Dynasty 2,000 years ago, and flourished in Hebei during the Qing Dynasty. Its characters and props are made of animal skins or paperboards and the story was performed by illuminating these images with the help of

6、lamplight. While performing, the performers manipulate the characters behind the white curtain. Many local operas in China are derived from shadow play. Nowadays, Chinese shadow puppets are collected in museums around the world, and are often presented as gifts by the Chinese government to leaders o

7、f other countries when they interact with each other.3. 单选题One hundred years ago, “Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro.” By the late 1960s，that term was overtaken by “Black.” And then, at a

8、press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A centurys worth of cal

9、culated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations (涵义)that were more negative than those of “African American.”But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differ

10、ently from “African Americans,” researchers, until now, hadnt identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory Universitys Erika Hall, found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioec

11、onomic status. As a result, “Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The studys most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters biases.

12、 A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association,” the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members, control.In one of the studys experiments, subje

13、cts were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as “African-American,” and another was told he was “Black” With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams salary, professional standing, and educational backgrou

14、nd.The “African-American” group estimated that he earned about $37,000 a year and bad a two-year college degree. The “Black” group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $29.000, and guessed that he had only “some” college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Wi

15、lliams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Halls findings suggest theres an argument to be made for electing to use “African American,” though one cant help but get the sense that its a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perh

16、aps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois original, idealistic hope: “Its not the nameits the thing that counts.”11. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American” for people of African descent?12. What does the author say about the n

17、aming of an ethnic group?13. What do Erika Halls findings indicate?14. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?15. What is Dr. Du Boiss ideal?问题1选项A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D

18、.It follows the standard naming practice.问题2选项A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.问题3选项A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world,B.Many applicants dont attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers sho

19、uld all be careful about their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.问题4选项A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black peoples socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.Peoples conception of a person has much to do with the way he or sh

20、e is labeled.D.Ones professional standing and income are related to their educational background.问题5选项A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nations continued progress.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题

21、:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段倒数第一二句话Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.“杰西杰克逊(Jess

22、e Jackson)宣称，“非裔美国人”是一个值得拥抱的词。之所以选择这个词，是因为它呼应了一些群体的标签，比如“意大利裔美国人”和“爱尔兰裔美国人”，这些群体已经摆脱了广泛的歧视。”，从这里可以看出答案选A“它没有种族偏见”；B选项“它代表社会进步”，定位到第二段第一句话A centurys worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.“一个世纪以来精心设计的名字变化表明，为任何组织命名都是一项充满政治意味的活动”，名称

23、并没有展现社会进步而是具有政治意味，所以B选项不选，属于反向干扰；C选项“这符合普通美国人的利益”，文章没有提及属于无中生有；D选项“它遵循标准的命名惯例”，文章没有提及属于无中生有。12.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第一句话A centurys worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.“一个世纪以来精心设计的名字变化表明，为任何组织命名都是一项充满政治意味的活动”从这里可以知道答案选D选项“政治敏感”；

24、A选项“它是与时俱进的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“它基于种族根源”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“它值得深入研究”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。13.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，根据关键人名Erika Hall定位到第四段第一句话The studys most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.“这项研究最引人注目的发现揭示了职场中普遍存在的种族偏见。”，由此可知答案选A选项“在职业领域，种族偏见很普遍”；B选项“许多求职者不注意简历上的细节

25、”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“求职者都应该小心他们的关系”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“大多数招聘人员无法控制他们的种族偏见”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。14.判断推理题，第一步，寻找上下文线索，根据实验内容，同样是威廉，一组被暗示是非裔美国人，一组直接被告知是黑人，实验结果显示两组对同一个人的猜测则完全不同的，所以C选项“人们对一个人的看法与他或她被贴上的标签有很大关系”符合题意；A选项“非裔美国人比许多其他种族的人过得更好”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有所以不选；B选项“黑人在美国的社会经济地位仍然很低”，见正确选项，两个对照组预测对象不是不同种族的威廉而是不同标签的黑人

26、威廉，属于偷换概念，所以不选；D选项“一个人的职业地位和收入与他们的教育背景有关”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有所以不选。15.判断推理题。寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句Its not the nameits the thing that counts“重要的不是名字，而是所做的事情”，从这里可知杜波依斯的想法是用一个人所做的事情来评判一个人，而不是用他的名字，所以答案选B选项“一个人是由他的价值来判断的”；A选项“所有美国人都享有平等的权利”，文章探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为“黑人”和“非裔美国人”时人们的不同态度，没有涉及种族压迫或者歧视，这里属于推理过度；C选项“一个新的术语被创造来

27、称呼非裔美国人”，从这里可知怎么称呼黑人没有那么重要，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“各民族共同进步”，文章探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为黑人和非裔美国人时人们的不同态度，没有提到其他民族，这里属于无中生有。4. 单选题Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic level. Not the disease itself there is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smo

28、king, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen (致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that

29、something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning. The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of ca

30、ncer in various societies around the worldfor example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in Ame

31、rica. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is

32、 probable roughly the same everywhere.1. Which of the following is closest to meaning to the phrase “leveling off？2. According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believe_.3. It can be inferred from the passage that the writers opinion about the relationship between cancer and envir

33、onment is_.4. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_.5. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?问题1选项A.Became very popularB.Reached its lowest level in popularityC.Stopped being popularD.Stopped increasing its popularity问题2选项A.to be based on inactive life sty

34、leB.to be due to anxietyC.to result from environmental influencesD.to be caused by heavy smoking问题3选项A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.approving问题4选项A.cancer risk is on the riseB.the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogenC.the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people conceiveD.cancer can

35、 be cured sooner or later问题5选项A.Cancer and EnvironmentB.The Fear Caused by CancersC.Data on Cancer IncidenceD.Cancer and its Investigation【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.词汇推断题。第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第三四句话Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off,

36、and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety.“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌症的发病率（），某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，第二步，上下文语义衔接except for这里是一个状语，and连接两个句子，这两个句子之间存在并列或者递进关系，后面的句子是一些癌症正在减少，所以leveling off应该是减少或者持平、平稳

37、的意思，从后面那句的连词but也可知，前面的句意也是but后面的意思相反，也就是癌症虽然发病率减少但是对癌症的恐惧却正在增加，由此可知答案选D选项“不再增长”；A选项“变得受欢迎”不符题意，属于无中生有；B选项“达到最低水平”，不符题意，属于无中生有；C选项“不再受欢迎”，不符题意，属于无中生有。2.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第六句The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the

38、 environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up”.“一般来说，80%到90%的癌症都是由环境因素造成的，这种说法多少有些科学依据，但它意味着，在整个环境得到清理之前，我们谁也不会安全”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知答案选C选项“受环境的影响”；A选项“以消极的生活方式为基础”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“由于焦虑”定位到第四句，But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country s

39、tands at risk of an anxiety“但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，这里讲的是国家处于焦虑的风险，而不是人因为焦虑增加患癌的风险，这里属于出处错误；D选项“因为酗烟”定位到第三句Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking,“除了肺癌，肺癌主要是由吸烟引起的”，这里单指吸烟增加患肺癌的风险但是题干是指的是患癌症，肺癌只是癌症的一种，这里属于以偏概全。3.观点态度题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章倒数一二句these data indicate there may be special

40、 and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.“这些数据表明，

41、可能有一些特殊的、具体的环境影响，很大程度上取决于个人的生活方式，决定了不同社区中各种癌症的发病率但这只是所有数据所表明的。如果把所有病例都计算在内，癌症的总体发病率可能在世界各地都大致相同”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知作者认为环境对健康的其实是没有影响的，有影响的是人们的生活方式，由此作者的态度是比较客观的，答案选C“中立的”；A选项“积极的”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；B选项“消极的”见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；D选项“赞成的”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念。4.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三四句话，Except for lung cancer

42、, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌症的发病率趋于平稳，某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”。第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可以知道其实

43、癌症已经没有那么可怕了但是人们对患癌症的恐惧却越来越强烈，由此推断C选项“患癌症的风险没有大多数人想象的那么大”正确；A选项“癌症风险正在上升”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；B选项“整个地球就像一个巨大的致癌物质”定位到第五句话The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen“地球本身看起来就像一种巨大的致癌物”，这里从句意上看B选项是这句话的同义替代，但是resemble一般指外表、形状上的相似，seem like指的是内在的相似之处，所以B选项不选，这里属于曲意理解；D选项“癌症迟早会被治愈的”文章没有提及，属于无中生

44、有。5.主旨大意题，分析文章行文结构，文章从人们对癌症的恐惧谈起，说到人们对癌症越来越恐惧，但作者觉得这是没有必要的，因为癌症的发病率趋于平缓。然后人们觉得地球本身就是致癌物，不同地区的人患不同癌症的风险也是不一样的，但是作者觉得支持这个论点的数据本身就存在着争论，然后作者指出其实不是地球环境而是人们生活方式本身存在问题，而且它只计算了某个特殊的癌症，如果把所有癌症计算在内其实全球地区的患癌率是差不多的，所以文章的具体内容是讲清楚癌症和环境这件的关系，答案选A选项“癌症和环境”；B选项“癌症造成的恐慌”，这只是文章的引入点，引入人们对癌症的恐惧之后文章并没有继续探讨恐惧带来了什么作用或者恐惧的

45、原因，这里属于以偏概全；C选项“癌症的数据”，文章指出的数据是不同地区癌症的发病率，这些数据提出来只是为了佐证文中人们的观点，不是文章的主要想表达的意思，这里属于推理过度所以不选；D选项“癌症和其调查”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。5. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art

46、historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and the

47、n spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions

48、and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about m

49、usic as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and mus

50、ic theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of

51、 his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, mu

52、sic changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.21. What does the author mean by using the underlined word “eventually” in Para. 1?22. The underlined phrase “frowned on” in Para. 1 is closest in m

53、eaning to_.23. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of_.24. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?25. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a sing

54、le Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did.B.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”.C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians.D.That music historians used the ter

55、m “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet.问题2选项A.given upB.forgotten aboutC.argued aboutD.disapproved of问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany th

56、e traditional secular themes问题4选项A.It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B.It had little emotional impact on audiences.C.It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D.It did not contain enough religious themes.问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather t

57、han style.B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21.推理判断题。题干定位到文章的第二句话It was first

58、used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians,“1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化史学家、艺术史学家甚至音乐史学家采用”从句子里面的表示时间逻辑的词first、then我们可以推测eventually是表示时间顺序，所以答案选A选项“音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用了文艺复

59、兴这个词”。B选项“大多数音乐历史学家使用文艺复兴这个词”，文章没有提及有多少音乐历史学家在使用这个单词，属于无中生有。C选项“文艺复兴一词被艺术史学家广泛使用，而不是音乐史学家”，文章没有提及文艺复兴这个词语没有流行于音乐历史学家，属于无中生有。D选项“音乐历史学家使用的文艺复兴一词与朱尔斯米歇莱使用的非常不同”，文章没有提及“文艺复兴”这个词的词义变迁，属于无中生有。22.词义推断题，第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二三句 To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a

60、 desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再（）”，从这里可知，文意复兴就是回到以人为中心的理念上来，这句中and连接两个并列的句子，这两个句子都是用来说明文艺复兴时期出现的变化。第二步，上下文语义衔接，从第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to rel

61、igious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从这里可以文意复兴时期艺术家从宗教回归到人本身，他们不但不排斥人的情绪反而推崇情绪并想尽办法让他们的作品更加动人，综上可知frowned on的意思是D选项“反对”，句意是“他们不再反对人类的情绪以及感官上的享受”。A选项“放弃”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“忘记了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“争论”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。23.词义推断题。

62、定位到文章倒数第三四句话Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human.“这一时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复希腊和罗马古典文明的学问和理想。对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类。”从这里可知那些学者的想法是让古希腊罗马的价值观重生也就是回到以人为本的观念中来，这里与人有关的选项只有C选项“强调人类价值的

63、文化”。A选项“欧洲艺术家之间的交流”，与题无关，欧洲的交流在文艺复兴前期就出现了否则文意复兴的思想不会传播的那么快。B选项“日常生活中的灵性”，定位到第一段倒数第二句话Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再被反对”，从这里可知重生不是

64、指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，这里属于张冠李戴。D选项“与传统世俗主题相伴的艺术中的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D选项错误，不是宗教事务伴随着传统的世俗事务，而是从宗教事务转向传统世俗事务，这里属于偷换概念。24.词义推断题。定位到第二段倒数第二三句They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not hav