2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第15期

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, its impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is（ ） the way people live and work.问题1选项A.resumingB.transformingC.preparingD.seeking【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。resuming重新开始, 继续;transforming 转化,

2、 转变;preparing准备;seeking寻找, 谋求。句意：从起居室和家用汽车到超市和办公室, 人们不可能逃脱正在改变人们生活和工作方式的电子革命。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to （ ） for hundreds of years.问题1选项A.thriveB.flourishC.prevailD.popularize【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。thrive繁荣, 兴旺, 主要指生长得健壮;flou

3、rish繁荣, 兴旺, 指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行, 战胜;popularize普及, 推广。句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期, 并持续繁荣了数百年。所以选项B更合适。3. 单选题Do you know the fact that broad bean contain （ ） that must be destroyed by cooking them at high temperature before eating them?问题1选项A.flakeB.aromaC.etherD.toxin【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。flake小薄片，火

4、花;aroma芳香, 香味;ether乙醚 ;toxin毒素。句意：你知道吗？蚕豆含有毒素，吃之前必须用高温烹煮。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Hypertension places stress on a number of organs (called target organs), including the kidney, eyes, and heart, causing them to（ ） over time.问题1选项A.deteriorateB.distressC.underscoreD.dilute【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。deteriorate恶化，变坏；distress

5、悲痛，苦恼，不幸；underscore强调，底线； dilute稀释，冲淡。句意：高血压使许多器官受到压力，包括肾脏、眼睛和心脏，久而久之会使它们感到痛苦。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of （ ） , ranging from colds to back pains.问题1选项A.complimentsB.ailmentsC.implementsD.commitments【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。compliment恭维，称赞；ailment疾病，多指小病；implement工具，器具；commitme

6、nt 承诺，保证。句意：据说这种药可以治疗各种各样的疾病，从感冒到背痛都可以。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题Educational Service InC.operates 70 institutes in the United States and they concentrate on providing career-focused degree programs to （ ） 28 000 students.问题1选项A.considerablyB.approximatelyC.preferablyD.ideally【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。 considerably相当地,非常;

7、 approximately大约,近似地; preferably更好地; ideally理想地。句意：美国教育服务公司运营着70家学院, 主要为大约2.8万名学生提供以职业为中心的学位课程。空后为数字,只有 approximately后可接数字。所以选项B正确。7. 单选题If full credits were given to this part it could （ ） a high grade for the student in his physical course.问题1选项A.belong toB.be due toC.be subject toD.contribute to【

8、答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析题。belong to属于;be due to由于;be subject to受支配, 从属于;contribute to有助于;贡献。根据句意：如果学生在这部分得到满分的话，这将有助于学生在物理课上取得高分。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题She hesitated for a （ ） of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.问题1选项A.fictionB.functionC.frictionD.fraction【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。fiction小说;function功能;f

9、riction摩擦;fraction部分。a fraction of意为一小部分, 零点几, 为固定搭配。句意：在接受他的网球挑战之前, 她犹豫了片刻。所以选项D正确。9. 单选题Plastic sheeting should be wrapped around the tree in winner to（ ） it from the wind and the frost.问题1选项A.recoverB.shieldC.shadeD.rescue【答案】B【解析】recover from恢复; shield与from庇护,使免遭; shade不与from搭配, rescue from从.中营救

10、。句意：应该用塑料布把树裹起来, 以防止风和霜冻。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Can you explain this （ ） of ten years in your job history which you have not accounted for?问题1选项A.interruptionB.gapC.splitD.paring【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。interruption中断, 干扰;gap缺口,差距,间隔;split劈裂,裂缝;paring削皮。选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗? 选项B正确。11. 单选题Mo

11、st of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully （ ） and sentenced.问题1选项A.prosecutedB.propagatedC.persecutedD.precipitated【答案】A【解析】prosecute起诉,告发; propagate传播,传送;繁殖; persecute迫害,困扰; precipitate使沉淀;促成。句意：大部分涉案公务员已被成功检控和判刑。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题（ ） in their island community, the various

12、 tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each others.问题1选项A.ManagedB.ShrunkC.AssumedD.Isolated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。manage经营, 管理; shrink收缩, 退缩; assume假设,猜想; isolate使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱 离。句意：在与世隔绝的岛上，各个部落使用的语言越来越相似。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题Anesthetics are substances（ ） to deaden pain or produce a conditio

13、n in which some or all of the senses, especially touch, stop functioning or are reduced.问题1选项A.divertedB.enforcedC.exercisedD.administered【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。divert转移；enforce实施，执行，常指法律的实施；exercise运动，练习 ；administer管理，作为治疗或药物使用。句意：麻醉药是一种用来镇痛的物质，或者使部分或全部感觉，尤其是触觉，停止运行，或降低运行。administer 可以用来指药物的实施。 所以选项D正确。14.

14、 单选题Mass production is （ ） only in an economy with a highly developed technology.问题1选项A.vulnerableB.invaluableC.feasibleD.compatible【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。vulnerable易受攻击的；invaluable无价的；feasible 可行的；compatible 兼容的。句意：大规模生产只有在技术高度发达的经济中才可行。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题The lease is （ ） in saying that the rent must be paid

15、in dollars by the 20th of every month.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.conspicuousD.distinctive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。explicit详述的, 明确的;implicit含蓄的conspicuous 显著的;distinctive 有特色的, 与众不同的, 一般接介词of。句意：契约上明确规定房租必须在每月20日前以美元支付。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Last month, Mars and Earth were at the closest points in their （ ） orbits. T

16、he distance between the two worlds was 68 million kilometers.问题1选项A.identicalB.respectiveC.rigidD.reverse【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。 identical恒一的,完全相同的; respective各自的,分别的; rigid严格的,僵硬的; reverse反面的。句意：上个月火星和地球在各自轨道上的距离最近, 两个世界之间的距离是6800万公里。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题Though she isnt British by birth, she is a British citiz

17、en by （ ） of her marriage to an Englishman.问题1选项A.virtueB.meritC.approachD.relation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。 by virtue of为固定搭配,意为由于,凭借。句意：虽然她不是英国人, 但由于她嫁给了英国人, 所以她是英国公民。18. 单选题Normally Americans do not assess their visitors in relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take out for din

18、ner, while they develop a pre-business sense of trust and rapport. Rapport to most of them is less important than performance. They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners. Since they generally assess and probe professionally rather

19、 than socially, they start talking business very quickly.Most Americans live in time segments by engagement calendars. These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes. They oftengivea person two or three (or more) segments of their calendar, but in the business world they a

20、lmost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever they are doing. Time is therefore always ticking in their inner ear.1.Americans are slaves to nothing but the clock. This means（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that since Americans value time highly, they（ ） .3.Ac

21、cording to the passage, Americans evaluate their business colleague based on（ ） .4.Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?5.Which might be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.Americans values the clock highly.B.Americans are slaves to anything else rather than the clock.C

22、.Americans are slaves to the time rather than anything else.D.Americans are slaves to luxurious clock.问题2选项A.hate someone else wasting timeB.are short-temperedC.are restlessD.hope to gain some return from the passed time问题3选项A.pre-business sense of trust and intimacyB.the past performanceC.the socia

23、l courtesiesD.the prolonged small talk问题4选项A.Americans have one appointment after another.B.Between two appointments there might be 150 minutes rest.C.Americans can always hear the clicking of the clock.D.Americans agendas are always fully engaged.问题5选项A.The Thing Americans Do Save TimeB.Time in Ame

24、ricans Eyes.C.Americans Way to Save Time.D.Time: A Precious Commodity to Americans.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句Time is treated as if it were an almost tangible entry.人们似乎把时间当做是一个实实在在的东西来对待。说明美国人很看重时间, 选项C正确。2.细节推断题。根据第三段的第一句, 美国人高度重视时间, 所以他们讨厌那些过度浪费时间的人, 选项A表达有误。根据第三段的最后一句, 如果他

25、们没有从过去的时间里得到些什么作为回报, 他们会焦躁不安。也就是说他们希望时间流逝过后, 自己能有所收获, 而不是碌碌无为, 所以选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners.他们寻找过去业绩的证明, 而不是通过社交礼仪来评估一位商业同事。选项B正确。4.细节判断题。根据最后一段的首尾两句可知,美国人总是被时间追赶着,能听见钟表的声音。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大义

26、题。本文主要讲述美国人的时间观念。选项B正确。19. 单选题Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure

27、 heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins.The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of

28、certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.Amanda Ni

29、mon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest, says Nimon. First they exhibit large and

30、prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators （捕食者）to fly in and remove eggs or chicks. The artificial egg, specially developed for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as

31、 they both took it in turns to guard the nest.However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimons findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently 一 and Nimons work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Cul

32、iks research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins, responses entailed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with heart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.1.Previous res

33、earch by German scientists has shown that （ ） .2.A new finding in recent research by British scientists is that （ ） .3.An artificial egg is used in the new research in order to （ ） .4.According to Nimon, the conductor of the new research, a comparison of the old and the new research reveals that （ ）

34、 .5.According to the passage, which factor is the most important influence for penguinss heart rates?问题1选项A.the heart rate of penguins in Antarctica is increasingB.penguins are disturbed by the presence of a humanC.the number of penguins in Antarctica is decliningD.penguins of different species beha

35、ve differently问题2选项A.penguins near tourist sites in Antarctica have been disrupted by the tourist activitiesB.penguin parents both take turn to guard their nest and look after their eggs or chicksC.penguins are not threatened by a human who approaches the nest slowly and distantlyD.penguins abandon

36、the nest leaving eggs or chicks unprotected whenever seeing a human问题3选项A.observe penguins heart ratesB.exchange for a real penguin eggC.monitor the hatch of penguin eggsD.measure penguins, body temperature问题4选项A.the two researches produced contradictory but both valid findings for they were based o

37、n different species of penguinB.the two researches produced compatible and complementary findings for they studied different species of penguinC.the old research was unreliable for it had scared penguins and changed their later behavior by fitting a monitor on themD.the new research reveals penguins

38、 need better protection from tourists问题5选项A.Climate change.B.Tourist activities.C.Scientific research.D.Not firmly known yet.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“German”定位到第一段首句“Previous research.noted that the birds heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 m

39、eters away.”他们发现，远在30米之外的企鹅看到人类时，它们的心率会急剧上升。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。原文中并没有出现British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案。“.a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins.”行动缓慢、不太靠近巢穴的人类不会被企鹅视为威胁。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“artificial egg”定位到第一段第二句“But new research

40、using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this.”由此可知，选项A符合原文。4.细节推理题。根据最后一段的第三句“Nimon and her colleagues believe. with heart-rate transmitters.”Nimon和她的同事认为，Culik的研究在方法论上是有缺陷的，因为对企鹅的监控和反应需要捕捉和控制企鹅，并给它们安装心率发射器。选项C 符合原文。5.细节推理题。文章对企鹅是否会因为游客而受到影响这个问题进行了讨论。通读全文可知文章并没有得出什么具体的影响因素的结论。所以选项D正确。20. 单选题Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and （ ） by the same federal laws.问题1选项A.conformB.abideC.sustainD.comply【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。abide by指遵守.; conform遵守,符合, 一般与to和with搭配; sustain承受;维持; comply遵从，服从，一般与with搭配。句意：加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人说同一种语言, 并且遵守同样的联邦法律。选项B正确。