2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷30

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1、2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The laser represents a true marriage between science and technology in that the men who devised it were （ ）engineers and physicists.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.homogenouslyC.instantaneouslyD.simultaneously【答案】D【解析】句意:激光代表了科学和技术的真正结合，因为发明激光的人同时是工程师和物理学家。考查副词辨析。sponta

2、neously 自发地；自然地；homogenously 同样地； instantaneously突如其来地；即刻；simultaneously同时地。根据前半句句意可知这里表示“发明激光的人既是工程师，也是物理学家”，故选D。2. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inc

3、onsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise, it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and

4、 good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an

5、 atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, improper politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is

6、 the driver who waves a child across a crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learn

7、 to filter correctly into traffic streams without causing the total blockages (堵塞)that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone be well-mannered on the road. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more g

8、ive-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1.According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by （ ）.2.The sentence “You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception t

9、o the rule” implies that（ ）.3.By “good sense” (Paragraph 2), the writer means（ ）.4.Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,（ ）.5.In the writers opinion,（ ）.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards driversB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.traffic conditionsD.the behavior of the dr

10、iver问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motoristsD.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the rude driver问题3选项A.the drivers prompt response to difficult conditionsB.the drive

11、rs ability to understand and react reasonablyC.the drivers tolerance of bad road conditionsD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.drivers should be ready to yield to one anotherB.road users should make more sacrificesC.drivers should have more communication among themselve

12、sD.drivers will suffer a great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.drivers should apply road politeness properlyB.strict traffic regulations are badly neededC.rude and inconsiderate drivers should be punishedD.drivers should try their best to avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解

13、析】第1题:判断推理题。第一段指出:but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule (但是路上的礼貌问题 正变得令人恐惧。你或许容忍粗鲁且不顾别人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司机却是规则的一个例外)。由此可知D项“司机的行为”正确。第2题:判断推理题。该句意思为:你或许容忍粗鲁且不顾别人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司

14、机却是规则的一个例外。以及前面一句指出:但是路上的礼貌问题正变得令人恐惧。由此可知，C项“如今不礼貌的司机构成了司机中的大多数”正确。第3题:判断推理题。good sense本意指 “有理智”，可参考第二段: It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors (当遭遇不文明的行为时，需要最冷静且好脾气的司机去抗拒报复的诱惑)。因此B项“司机去理解且合理地反应的能力”正确。第4题

15、:细节事实题。根据题干关键词car-ownership explosion定位至最后一段: Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users (多年前，专家们就警告过我们: 汽车的持有率的激增会向所有道路使用者要求更多互让)。由此可知A 项“司机应该准备去相互让步”正确。第5题:判断推理题。倒数第二段指出:However, improper politeness can also be dangero

16、us (然而，不恰当的礼貌也可能是危险的)。由此可推测A项“司机应该恰当地使用道路 礼貌”为正确选项。3. 单选题（ ） as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.问题1选项A.Being publishedB.PublishedC.PublishingD.To be published【答案】B【解析】语法题。考查倒装句。 前后句子是转折关系，“as it was at such a time”为as引导的倒装句作让步状语从句，因此as前应该是动词publish的过去分词形式，故选B。句意：尽管在如此一个时间被出版

17、，但是他的作品却引起了很多关注。4. 单选题They （ ） so tired if they （ ）for a whole day.问题1选项A.wouldnt feel, didnt walkB.wouldnt feel, werent walking.C.wouldnt be feeling, werent walkingD.wouldnt be feeling, hadnt been walking【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合选项与题干可知本题考查混合虚拟语气，if引导的 条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，应该用had+过去分词，因此可以排除选项A、B、C，又因为主句部分表

18、示的是现在事实相反的情况，所以需要用would+动原，由此可知，此题选项D为正确答案。句意：如果他们不是一整天都在走路，那么他们将不会感到如此疲惫。5. 单选题This spacious room is（ ）furnished with just a few articles in it.问题1选项A.lightlyB.sparselyC.hardlyD.rarely【答案】B【解析】句意:这间宽敞的房间设备稀少，里面只有几件物品。考查副词辨析。lightly 轻轻地，轻松地，满不在乎地;sparsely 稀疏地，节省地;hardly 几乎不，几乎没有；rarely 难得，很少，表示少见， 不

19、经常的情况。根据题干关键词“里面只有几件物品”可知B符合句意。6. 翻译题1.中国是世界上的发明大国，但是很多发明无法走出实验室，归根结底是资金问题。2.当然我们还应该充分意识到，大熊猫生存的主要威胁不是来自于大熊猫的繁殖能力，而是来自于人类对大熊猫自然生态环境的破坏。3.他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界：自我安定。4.自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的。5.太多的医学和研究生教育把学生禁闭在黑暗的房间里，使他们成为被强迫灌输信息的笨人。【答案】1.China, one of the worlds leading innovators

20、, finds itself in the awkward situation of being unable to get many of its inventions out of the labs, which comes down to the problem of funding.2. Of course, we should also be fully aware that the main threat to the survival of the panda species comes not from the poor propagation of the species,

21、but from mankinds destruction of pandas natural habitat.3. Life, it seems to me, needs a placidity of mind. While others may be wining and dining, Im content with plain tea.4. Born in the countryside and always taught to believe profoundly in the need to “treasure each and every grain of rice in the

22、 bowl”，I flatly refuse to throw away the leftovers.5. Too many medical students and postgraduates receive education in a closed room, and finally become a passive knowledge-receiving idiot.7. 单选题If prompt measures are taken, we are sure that illiteracy in this region can be（ ）in no time.问题1选项A.elimi

23、natedB.abandonedC.diminishedD.withdrawn【答案】A【解析】句意:如果迅速采取措施，我们相信该地区的文盲现象将很快消除。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。eliminate 消除;排除;abandon 放弃;遗弃；diminish 减少;缩小；withdraw 撤退;收回。空格处的逻辑主语是illiteracy(文盲现象)，因此A正确。8. 单选题Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects o

24、f extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would inv

25、olve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grants gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the tem

26、perature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.Another strategy of large desert anim

27、als is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation

28、is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink huge volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe （吸收）over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the

29、human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert，as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse pastures. Deser

30、t-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated. It is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.Why light in color is important to large animals in deserts?3.What will be fa

31、tal to non-adapted animals?4.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?5.What is the following strategy NOT mentioned by the author?问题1选项A.Animals developed different strategies to survive.B.Large animals can take strategies to reduce the effect of extreme heatC.Animals can tolerate th

32、e loss of body water.D.A very dehydrated person can drink enough water to rehydrate问题2选项A.It helped them maintain a constant normal body temperature.B.It reflects rather than absorbs the sun-lightC.It helps them see their peers at nightD.It helps them keep cool during the night问题3选项A.Keeping a norma

33、l body temperatureB.Drinking polluted waterC.Drinking huge volumes of water in a short timeD.Feeding when dehydrated问题4选项A.They do not need to eat much food.B.They can eat large quantities quicklyC.They easily lose their appetitesD.They can travel long distances looking for food.问题5选项A.The body temp

34、erature can be extremely high and coldB.Tolerate the loss of body water and replenish it immediatelyC.Lost appetite under the condition of moderate thirstyD.To be light in color【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。本文主要内容是：为了降低酷热的影响，生活在沙漠中的大型动物已经进化来适应这种环境，如：颜色变浅，调节体温，忍受身体水分丧失等。因此，A项 “动物发展出不同的生存

35、策略”符合文章大意。第2题:细节事实题。第一段指出：One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays（一种适应是让自己颜色变浅，反射而不是吸收太阳光线）。由此可知，浅色对沙漠中的大型动物很重要，是因为浅色反射太阳光。故选B项。第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出：A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because

36、the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication（另一方面，一个极度脱水的人，不能一次性地喝大量的水来补充所缺水分，因为人的胃不够大，而且体液的迅速稀释会导致水中毒而引起死亡）。因此，C项 “短时间饮大量的水”正确。第4题:判断推理题。A: 它们不需要吃很多食物。B: 它们可以快速地大量进食。A项与B项在文中并未被提及。C: 它们很容易失去食欲。第二段指出：Desert-adapted

37、 mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated（适应沙漠的哺乳动物还有在极度脱水时正常进食的能力）。因此C项不符合原文所述。D: 它们可以长途跋涉寻找食物。第二段指出：The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse pastu

38、res（在沙漠中，能够忍受水分流失是一个明显的优势，这样动物不必待在水源附近，而是可以从广阔的牧场获得食物）。由此可知，能忍受水分流失的动物能长途跋涉来喂饱自己。因此D项正确。第5题:细节事实题。A: 体温可以非常高和低。第一段指出：desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height（沙漠哺乳动物允许它们的体温上升到一般认为发烧的温度），以及：indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 3

39、4 degrees Celsius in the camel（事实上，到黎明时分，气温会降得异常低，骆驼体内的温度会低到34摄氏度）。因此A项有被提及。B:忍受体内水分的流失，并立即补充水分。第二段指出：Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals（大型沙漠动物的另一种策略是忍受体内水分的流失，这种流失对那些还没有适应环境的动物来说是致命的）,以及：An equally im

40、portant adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink（一种同样重要的适应能力是在一次饮水中补充损失的水分）。因此B项有被提及。C:中度口渴的情况下没有食欲。D: 颜色变浅。第一段指出：One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays（一种进化是让自己变成浅色，反射而不是吸收太阳光线）。因此D项也有被提及。四个选项中，只有C项不是沙漠动物为适应环境形成的进化，故选C。9. 单

41、选题（ ）of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.问题1选项A.To be freeB.To freeC.FreeingD.Freed【答案】D【解析】句意:摆脱了冰块的负担之后，气球向上朝南方飘去。语法题。考查非谓语动词。句子的后半部分已经完整，因此空格处应填入动词的非谓语形式，前半部分作为整句的状语。句子的主语是“气球”，动词free与其之间是被动关系，故选D项。10. 单选题Lately, the restaurant chain, which（ ）mainly to blue-colla

42、r diners, has been hurt by competition.问题1选项A.catersB.fabricatesC.facilitatesD.flees【答案】A【解析】句意:最近，这家主要面向蓝领食客的连锁餐厅由于竞争而遭受损失。考查动词辨析。cater 迎合;满足需要；fabricate 伪造;facilitate 帮助; 促进；flee 逃跑。根据题干关键词restaurant “餐馆”及blue-collar dinner“蓝领用餐者”可知A符合句意。11. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into Chinese and wr

43、ite your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. And giving should be strategic-philanthropy should not simply respond to needs but should look for investment opportunities that yield significance returns.2. What remains pertinent is the reports vision of the role of government in research, including his ass

44、ertion that the federal government had both the authority and the obligation to support basic research.3. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development, which means that we must, for the benefit of coming generations, leave enough environmental space so that these generations will

45、 be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.4. The threat of the Cold War was a prime driving force leading to the expansion of U.S. science, national labs and academic institutions.5. It is worth noting that preventive measures involving smoking and diet are conveniently similar f

46、or cancer and heart disease; one exception is alcohol -a risk factor for the former, a preventive for the later.【答案】1.捐赠也应讲策略慈善事业应该不单是应人之需，而应该觅寻投资机会， 以求产生可观的回报。2.该报告对政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主张，即联邦政府既有权力也有义务支持基础研究。3.这种需要体现在可持续发展的概念中，这意味着为了后代的利益，我们必须留下足够的环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。4.冷战的威胁曾是一个主要的驱动力，它导致了美国科学、国

47、家实验室以及学术机构团体的扩张。5.值得注意的是，癌症和心脏病的预防措施与吸烟和饮食很相似;一个例外是酒精癌症的危险因子，但却是心脏病的预防因子。12. 单选题Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have（ ）vision.问题1选项A.vigorousB.exactC.acuteD.vivid【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管大多数鸟几乎没什么嗅觉，但它们的视力却很敏锐。考查形容词辨析。vigorous 精力充沛的;exact 准确的，精确的；acute 严重的，敏锐的；vivid 生动的，鲜明的。根据前半

48、句句意 “尽管大多数鸟几乎没什么嗅觉”可知这里在对比鸟的嗅觉跟视觉，故C项符合句意。13. 单选题In the（ ）of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.问题1选项A.faceB.timeC.courseD.event【答案】D【解析】句意:如果项目不成功，投资者损失将高达3000万美元。考查短语辨析。in the face of面对;in the time of 在 时期；in the course of 在期间；在过程中；in the event of 万一；如果。

49、根据后面句意“投资者损失将高达3000万美元”可知D项正确。14. 单选题The security guard（ ）two men who were yelling in the courtroom.问题1选项A.dispelledB.propelledC.repelledD.expelled【答案】D【解析】句意:保安将两名在法庭上大喊大叫的男子驱逐了出去。考查动词辨析。dispel驱散，消除(尤指感觉或信仰);propel 推进，驱使：repel 击退， 抵制：expel 驱逐，开除。根据关键词“大喊大叫的男子”可知D项符合句意。15. 单选题You dont have to instal

50、l this radio in your new car, its an（ ）extra.问题1选项A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary【答案】B【解析】句意:你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机，它是一个可选的附加设备。考查形容词辨析。excessive 过多的；过分的；optional 可选择的：随意的；additional 附加的；额外的：arbitrary 武断的；专制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机”可知，B项正确。16. 单选题The （ ） stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.问

51、题1选项A.diagramB.labelC.signalD.mark【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项diagram“图表；图解”；B选项label“标签；商标”；C选项signal“ 信号；暗号；导火线”；D选项mark“标志；马克；符号”。句意：信封上粘贴的标签说是“航空邮件”。信封上粘贴的应该是标签，故选B。17. 单选题Flight simulator (飞行模拟器)refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilot and crew member by s

52、imulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute（1）actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle（2）before they（3）extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also are useful for review and for familiarizin

53、g pilots with new（4）to existing craft.Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to simulate simple aircraft（5）in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice ver

54、sa; and（6）to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton, New York.（7）, airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” flying on in

55、struments alone, but training pilots to do so involved（8）risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped（9）instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls（10）ins

56、trument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or（11）climb or descent with no visual reference（12） any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified（13）aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot tr

57、aining and the US government began purchasing them in 1934,（14）thousands more as World War II approached.Technological advances during the war, particularly in electronics, helped to make the flight simulator increasingly（15）. The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further i

58、mprovements. Airplane cockpits, controls, and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything（16）the simplest light planes. By the 1950s, the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely（17）the

59、 cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s（18）digital and hybrid computers were adopted, and their speed and flexibility revolutionized simulation systems.Further advances in computer and（19）technology, notably the development of virtual-reality simulation, have made it possible to（20）highly co

60、mplex real-life conditions.问题1选项A.forB.toC.withD.on问题2选项A.concerningB.concernC.being concernedD.concerned问题3选项A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse问题4选项A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.maneuvers问题5选项A.manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers问题6选项A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawpin

61、g问题7选项A.From then onB.From now onC.By nowD.By then问题8选项A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered问题9选项A.forB.inC.withD.on问题10选项A.on the part ofB.on the basis ofC.on the track ofD.on the verge of问题11选项A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller问题12选项A.toB.forC.onD.in问题13选项A.as forB.as topC.asD.for问题14选项A.acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.retaining问题15选项A.actualB.realisticC.realizingD.true问题16选项A.exceptB.except forC.apart fromD.but问题17选项A.replenishedB.replacedC.replicatedD.reposed问题18选项A.electronicB.electricC.electricityD.electron问题19选项A