2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题34（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题III. (本题3段，每段10分)Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts

2、. This system represents the Partys adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in carrying out tireless explorations and practices. It is an open system that keeps devel

3、oping. Practices since the publication of the Communist Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times arid, is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality, creati

4、vity and appeal. In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Education should be wild, exciting, intoxicating. These days, more and more tertiary education establishments specialize in courses that took like a sho

5、rt-cut to a sexy job: you can study sport, or journalism, or television, or pop music, even fashion. The errorthe heresyis to think that the entire purpose of education is to get you a better job; that the entire function of an individual life is to make as much money as possible. Its a terrible sha

6、me, and I feel horribly sad for the people who must go through it all, carrying the burden of economic expectation rather than the spirit of exploration and adventure. We were all too busy trying to suss out the meaning of life to be sidetracked by such side-issues as careers, until the time came to

7、 meet reality head on. The purpose of modern education is to make you a wealthy person.In a speech that will set Chinas direction for the future, he spoke of the need to address the problems of environmental degradation, political corruption and income inequality between the rich cities on the easte

8、rn seaboard and villages in the poor western interior. He told Chinese: “Growth is not our only goal. Sustainability and cutting inequality is high on agenda.” But, he admitted that the party had struggled to keep pace with the rapid changes in society. “While recognizing our achievements, we must b

9、e well aware that they still fall short of the expectations of the people.” he said, “The government capability of the party falls somewhat short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks.”【答案】中国特色社会主义理论体系，是包括邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观等重大战略思想在内的科学理论体系。这是我们党对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的坚持和发展，是几代中国共产党人领导人民不懈

10、探索和实践的智慧和汗水的结晶。它是一个不断发展的开放体系。共产党宣言发表近160年来的实践证明，马克思主义只有同具体国情相结合、与时俱进、同人民命运紧密相连，才能展现出强大的生命力、创造力和感召力。在当代中国，坚持马克思主义，就是坚持中国特色社会主义理论体系。教育应该是狂野的、令人兴奋的和令人陶醉的。如今，越来越多的高等教育机构专门开设一些课程，这些课程似乎是获得一份有吸引力的工作的捷径：你可以学习体育，或新闻，或电视，或流行音乐，甚至时尚。错误的一个想法（异端邪说）就是，认为教育的全部目的就是为你找到一份更好的工作，而生活的全部目的就是尽可能多地赚钱。这是一种可怕的耻辱，我为那些必须经历这一

11、切的人感到非常难过，他们背负着经济期望的重担，而不是探索和冒险的精神。 我们总是忙于追寻人生的意义，直到现实砸在我们的脑袋上之前，我们都不考虑一些次要的事情，比如职业什么的。现代教育的目的就是让你成为一个富有的人。在这篇将为中国未来指明方向的演讲中，他谈到了解决环境恶化、政治腐败以及东部沿海富裕城市与西部贫困内陆农村之间收入不平等等问题的必要性。他对中国人说：“增长不是我们唯一的目标。可持续发展和减少不平等是议程上的重点。” 但他承认，共产党一直在努力跟上社会的快速变化。他说：“我们在看到成绩的同时，也要清醒地看到，我们的成绩与人民的期待之间有差距；党的管理能力与处理新形势新任务的需要有一定差

12、距。”2. 单选题Fishing adds only about 1 percent to the global economy, but on a regional basis it can contribute enormously to human survival. Marine fisheries contribute more to the worlds supply of protein than beef, poultry or any other animal source.Fishing typically does not require land ownership,

13、and because it remains, in general open to all, it is often the employer of last resort in the developing world an occupation when there are no other options. Worldwide, about 200 million people depend on fishing for their livelihoods. Within Southeast Asia alone, more than five million people fish

14、full-time. In northern Chile 40 percent of the population lives off the ocean. In Newfoundland most employment came from fishing or servicing that industry until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s left tens of thousands of people out of work.Although debates over the conservation o

15、f natural resources are often cast as a conflict between jobs and the environment, the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment. Michael P. Sissenwine and Andrew A. Rosenberg of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service have estimated that if depleted species were allowed to r

16、ebuild to their long-term potential, their sustainable use would add about $8 billion to the U.S. gross national product and provide some 300,000 jobs. If fish populations were restored and properly managed, about 20 million metric tons could be added to the worlds annual catch. But restoration of e

17、cological balance, fiscal profitability and economic security will require a substantial reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover.The necessary reduction in fishing power need not come at the expense of jobs. Government could increase employme

18、nt and reduce the pressure on fish populations by directing subsidies away from highly mechanized ships. For each $1 million of investment, industrial-scale fishing operations require only one to five people, whereas small-scale fisheries would employ between 60 to 3,000. Industrial fishing itself t

19、hreatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence.1.The animal source which supplies the most protein for human being is .2. Paragraph 2 implies that .3. In the conflict between jobs and the environment, the author takes sides

20、with those who are in favor of .4. The balance between jobs and the employment can be kept if .5. The passage suggests that making less use of modern technology may .问题1选项A.beefB.fishC.porkD.chicken问题2选项A.most of mens employment is from fishingB.man can always turn to fishing for employmentC.forty p

21、ercent of Chileans live on fishing boats or shipsD.fishing has been the biggest industry in Newfoundland问题3选项A.increasing the annual catchB.creating more jobsC.getting greater fiscal profitabilityD.conserving natural resources问题4选项A.fishing capacity is further increasedB.fishing jobs are further inc

22、reasedC.fewer well-equipped fishing ships are usedD.fewer species are allowed to rebuild问题5选项A.reduce pressure on fish populationsB.threaten the worlds annual catchC.increase governments investmentD.cost tens of thousands of fishermens jobs【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准

23、定位，定位到第一段第二句话Marine fisheries contribute more to the worlds supply of protein than beef, poultry or any other animal source.“海洋渔业对世界蛋白质供应的贡献超过牛肉、家禽或任何其他动物来源。”第二步，综合理解，这里讲的是鱼类贡献的蛋白质比其他动物来源更多所以这里答案选B选项“鱼肉”，A、C、D选项都是其他动物来源，所以不选，这里属于反向干扰。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到文章第二段第一句的最后一个分句.it is often the

24、 employer of last resort in the developing world an occupation when there are no other options.“在发展中国家，这往往是最后的谋生手段当没有其他选择的时候时的一种职业”，当人们没有选择的时候可以选择这种职业，也就是人们总能通过渔业求生，所以答案选B选项“人们总是可以通过捕鱼来寻找工作”。A选项“大多数人的职业是捕鱼”，定位到第二段第二句Worldwide, about 200 million people depend on fishing for their livelihoods.“全世界约有2亿

25、人以捕鱼为生”。全球人口约60亿，而渔业占2亿，所以不能说大部分人靠渔业为生，这里属于偷换概念；C选项“40%的智利人生活在渔船或船只上”，第一步精准定位，定位到第二段倒数第二句话In northern Chile 40 percent of the population lives off the ocean“在智利北部，40%的人口靠海洋为生”。第二步，综合理解，该句只是说智利40%的人口靠海生活，并不是说40%的人口住在船上，这里属于曲意理解。D选项“捕鱼一直是纽芬兰最大的产业”，第一步精准定位，定位到第二段最后一句话In Newfoundland most employment cam

26、e from fishing or servicing that industry until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s left tens of thousands of people out of work“在纽芬兰，大部分就业机会来自渔业或该行业的服务直到20世纪90年代初鳕鱼渔业的崩溃，导致数万人失业”。第二步综合理解，鳕鱼在上个世纪90年代就已经崩溃了，因此纽芬兰的渔业早就崩溃了。而题干用的是现在完成时，表达的意思是渔业现在仍然是纽芬兰的支柱产业，这不符合题意，这里属于偷换概念。3.【试题答案】D【试题解

27、析】推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三段第一句话the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment“但鱼类数量的恢复实际上会促进就业。”，第二步综合理解，从这里可知作者认为保护资源和就业之间没有冲突，保护了资源就能促进就业，所以作者是支持保护自然资源的，所以答案选D“保护自然资源”。A选项“增加年捕获量”，定位到第三段最后一句话But restoration of ecological balance, fiscal profitability and economic security will re

28、quire a substantial reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover.“但是，要恢复生态平衡、财政盈利能力和经济安全，就需要大幅减少商业捕鱼业的能力，以便使野生种群能够恢复”。这里作者倡导的是减少捕捞，所以这个选项不能选，这里属于反向干扰。B选项“创造更多的就业机会”。见正确选项解析，这里属于曲意理解。C选项“获得更大的财政盈利能力”。定位到第三段最后一句话But restoration of ecological balance

29、, fiscal profitability and economic security will require a substantial reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover.“但是，要恢复生态平衡、财政盈利能力和经济安全，就需要大幅减少商业捕鱼业的能力，以便使野生种群能够恢复”。 这句和题目无关，所以这里属于偷梁换柱。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第四段第二句话Government could

30、increase employment and reduce the pressure on fish populations by directing subsidies away from highly mechanized ships.（政府可以通过减少对高度机械化船只的补贴来增加就业并减少对鱼类种群的压力）。第二步，综合理解，上文讲到捕鱼能力的必要减少并不需要以牺牲就业为代价，然后作者提出了这个主意，减少对机械渔船的补贴，所以这里答案选C选项“更少的装备精良的渔船”。A选项“捕捞能力进一步提高”，定位到第三段最后一句话. fiscal profitability and economi

31、c security will require a substantial reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover.“财政盈利能力和经济安全将需要大幅度降低商业捕鱼业的能力，以便使野生种群能够恢复”。从这里可知捕鱼能力应该减少而不是增加，所以不选A选项，这里属于反向干扰。B选项“渔业工作进一步增加”。文章没有提到工作的增加，这里属于无中生有。D选项“更少的物种被允许重建”，见正确选项解析，这里讲的是枯竭的物种允许其重建，而不是更少的物种恢复

32、，这里属于偷换概念。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。第一步精准定位，定位到第四段最后一句Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence“工业捕鱼本身就威胁着数千万小规模捕捞的渔民，因为他们赖以生存的鱼类正在枯竭”。第二步综合理解，因为工业捕鱼导致渔业资源枯竭，更少的使用工业渔船也就是现代科技会让渔业恢复，鱼就会更多，鱼类种群的压力就没有

33、那么大了，所以答案选A选项“减少对鱼类种群的压力”。B选项“威胁到世界的年度捕捞”。定位到第四段最后一句Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence“工业捕鱼本身就威胁着数千万小规模捕捞的渔民，因为他们赖以生存的鱼类正在枯竭”。文章题干是减少现代科技的使用会威胁世界的年捕捞量 ，文章所描述的正是因为工业渔船的使用才造成渔业资源枯竭的，这里属于反

34、向干扰。C选项“增加政府投资”。文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“损失了成千上万渔民的工作”。第一步，精准定位，定位到第四段第一句话The necessary reduction in fishing power need not come at the expense of jobs.“捕鱼能力的必要减少并不需要以牺牲就业为代价”，所以D选项不选，这里属于反向干扰。3. 单选题I deem the girl was in bad health because the handshake with her was so _.问题1选项A.limpB.lameC.softD.strong【答案

35、】A【解析】【选项释义】A. limp 无生气的，无力的 B. lame 瘸的，没说服力的C. soft 柔软的 D. strong 强壮的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由主句“我认为这女孩身体不好（in bad health）”可推测，the handshake with her（和她的握手）应该是“无力的”。故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合句子逻辑。【句意】我认为这女孩身体不好，因为与她的握手很无力。4. 单选题My car crawled along a main road where a line of traffic was _ so tightly toget

36、her that it was almost stationary.问题1选项A.wedgedB.crowdedC.squeezedD.compacted【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. wedged 塞进，插入 B. crowded 挤满，塞满C. squeezed 挤压，捏 D. compacted 把紧压在一起（或压实）【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由it was almost stationary（几乎静止不动）可知，交通是非常拥挤的，而wedge表示“塞满”。因此，该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项表示人群拥挤；C、D选项都指由于外力作用在物体上造成的挤压。【句意】我的车在一

37、条主干道上缓慢行驶，那条主干道上的车辆紧紧地挤在一起，几乎静止不动。5. 单选题His license has been _ owing to his drunken driving.问题1选项A.demandedB.chargedC.suspendedD.recognized【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. demanded 要求；需要 B. charged 要价；收费；指控；冲C. suspended 暂停；使暂停使用 D. recognized 承认；意识到【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格部分的语义为“他的驾照被_”，后文提到“因为他酒驾”，根据句意可推断，他因为酒后驾驶，被吊销了驾

38、照。因此，C选项suspended“暂停；使暂停使用”符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】因为酒后驾驶，他的驾照被吊销了。6. 单选题Is there any possible _ explanation for his bad health since he seems to have no obvious disease?问题1选项A.psychiatricB.psychologicalC.surgicalD.physical【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. psychiatric 精神病学的 B. psychological 心理的，心理学的C.

39、surgical 外科的，手术上的 D. physical 物理的，身体的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由原因状语从句since he seems to have no obvious disease（因为他似乎没有什么明显的疾病）可知，没有身体方面的疾病，那么推测，空格处表示“心理方面的原因”。因此，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】他的健康状况不佳有没有可能的心理原因，因为他似乎没有什么明显的疾病？7. 单选题The car manufacturer has laid _ 1, 000workers because of the drop in sales.问

40、题1选项A.outB.downC.asideD.off【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. out 向外 B. down 向下C. aside 离开，在旁边 D. off 离开【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由the drop in sales（销量下降）可知，空格处应该表示“解雇了1000名工人”，lay off固定搭配，表示“解雇，停止工作”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项lay out（展示，安排）、B选项lay down（放下，制定）、C选项lay aside（搁置，留存）均不符合句意。【句意】由于销量下降，这家汽车制造商已经解雇了1000名工人。8. 翻译题洗手的时候，日

41、子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。【答案】【参考译文】The day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am los

42、t in reverie. Aware of its fleeting presence, I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my outstretched hands. In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet. By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again, another day is already gone. I hea

43、ve a sigh, my head buried in my hands.9. 单选题Do you remember last summer, when furious travelers were pounding on Congress to do something about airline customer service? Airlines promised to improve, and they adopted new standards just before Christmas. But as another summer nears, plenty of experie

44、nced travelers dont see much improvement in customer service overall.This month, the Department of Transportations (DOT) inspector generals office will issue its first critical article on whether airlines are honoring their promises. One survey suggests problems: The number of complaints to the DOT

45、about the top 10 airlines in the first quarter soared 89% from a year ago.Hit last summer by passenger complaints and the threat of consumer-protection laws by Congress, 14 carriers voluntarily agreed to adopt a set of basic customer-service standards called Customers First. From immediate refunds t

46、o truthful reservation agents to toilets that flush during onboard delays, the “12 commitments” to passengers were introduced as a major effort to improve service. Since then, airlines have been redesigning websites, retraining employees and upgrading technology.Recently, DOT inspector general Kenne

47、th Mead, at McCains request, sent 20 examiners to airports to document whether each airline is doing what it promised. Mead cautions travelers shouldnt expect too much. Most of the promises are aimed at better communication with customers, not problems free flights.“We think passengers, both busines

48、s and leisure, perceive travel as more of a quarrel these days,” spokeswoman Shelly Sasson says. “Some of this is perception, but a lot is reality.” “And when improvements are made, it takes a long time for them to be noticed”, she says.Now, the efforts may be working. During the first quarter, Delt

49、a had the second-lowest rate of complaints among the top 10carriers. Still, its rate, along with other carriers, is up from last year. McCain and other lawmakers say new consumer protection laws arent out of the question if the industrys voluntary program doesnt work.56. The passage tells us that _.

50、57. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?58. Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the sentence “Some of this is perception, but a lot is reality.” (Para. 5)?59. The author has written the last paragraph mainly to mean _.60. In paragraph 1, the phrase “pounding

51、 on” means “_”.问题1选项A.passenger complaints increase though airlines have taken steps to improve air serviceB.passenger complaints decrease for airlines have taken steps to improve air serviceC.air service has been improved greatly though it is hard to be noticed by passengersD.air service needs impr

52、oving badly as the results of passenger complaints问题2选项A.Government has sent officials to check any improvement the air service airlines have made.B.Some people suggest passengers show more understanding to airlines about their efforts to better air service.C.To improve air service doesnt mean that

53、there will no longer be any deficiencies in air traveling.D.It is thought that passengers should be patient when they are waiting for any improvement made by airlines.问题3选项A.Some peoples complaints about air service are rather subjective, but most peoples are fairly objective.B.When people travel by

54、 air, they usually quarrel, which is a fact passengers all see.C.Some people take a biased view on air service because they dont see facts.D.Most people saw facts, but a few people failed.问题4选项A.the rate of complaints is going up in all airlines in spite of the efforts they madeB.improvements some a

55、irlines have made are not effective, which leads to more complaintsC.there may be a need to pass laws to improve airline customers serviceD.some people are too aggressive when complaining about air service though airlines have made great efforts on it问题5选项A.striking atB.urgingC.attackingD.sounding w

56、ith loud noises【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】56.【选项释义】56. The passage tells us that _. 56. 文章告诉我们_。A. passenger complaints increase though airlines have taken steps to improve air service A. 尽管航空公司已经采取措施改善航空服务，乘客的投诉仍在增加B. passenger complaints decrease for airlines have taken steps to improve air

57、service B. 乘客投诉减少了，因为航空公司已经采取措施改善航空服务C. air service has been improved greatly though it is hard to be noticed by passengers C. 航空服务已经有了很大的改善，尽管它很难被乘客注意到D. air service needs improving badly as the results of passenger complaints D. 由于乘客投诉的结果，航空服务急需改善【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先，文章前两段先讲述旅客对航空公司的客户服务的态度，以及不断上升的

58、投诉率；然后中间部分是对航空公司所做的一些努力的描述，最后总结，虽然航空公司做出了很多努力，但是某些航空公司的投诉率仍然在上升，乘客总是将旅行视为一场争吵。综合理解，文章想要告诉读者的是，虽然航空公司做出了努力，但是乘客的投诉仍然在上升。该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“乘客投诉减少了，因为航空公司已经采取措施改善航空服务”与原文相反，反向干扰；C选项“航空服务已经有了很大的改善，尽管它很难被乘客注意到”表述不全面，以偏概全；D选项“由于乘客投诉的结果，航空服务急需改善”也与原文相反，反向干扰。57.【选项释义】57. Which of the following is NOT ment

59、ioned in the passage? 57. 下面哪个选项没有在文章中提到？A. Government has sent officials to check any improvement the air service airlines have made. A. 政府已经派出官员去检查航空公司的航空服务是否有所改善。B. Some people suggest passengers show more understanding to airlines about their efforts to better air service. B. 一些人建议乘客对航空公司改善航空服务的

60、努力表现出更多的理解。C. To improve air service doesnt mean that there will no longer be any deficiencies in air traveling. C. 改善航空服务并不意味着航空旅行将不再有任何缺陷。D. It is thought that passengers should be patient when they are waiting for any improvement made by airlines. D. 人们认为，乘客在等待航空公司做出任何改进时应该有耐心。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】D选

61、项“人们认为，乘客在等待航空公司做出任何改进时应该有耐心”在文章中并没有提到，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A选项定位至第四段第一句“最近，在麦凯恩的要求下，美国交通部监察长肯尼斯米德派出20名检查人员前往机场，记录每家航空公司是否履行了承诺”可知，A项“政府已经派出官员去检查航空公司的航空服务是否有所改善”符合原文；B选项定位文章倒数第二段“发言人雪莱萨松说：我们认为，无论是商务旅客还是休闲旅客，如今都将旅行视为一场争吵而且，当航空公司做出改进时，需要很长时间才能引起注意。”，从中可以得知，航空公司所做的一些努力要很长时间才能引起旅客的注意，所以可以推知，人们对航空公司的一些努力应该表示理

62、解，B项“一些人建议乘客对航空公司改善航空服务的努力表现出更多的理解”符合原文；C选项定位至第四段最后两句“米德提醒游客不要期望太多。航空公司的大多数承诺都是为了更好地与客户沟通，而不是为了解决免费航班的问题。”，理解可知，航空公司对客户服务进行了改善，但是这不代表会令每个客户满意，C项“改善航空服务并不意味着航空旅行将不再有任何缺陷”符合原文。58.【选项释义】58. Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the sentence “Some of this is perception, but a lot is

63、 reality.” (Para. 5)? 58. 下面哪个陈述的意思最接近第五段中的这句话：“有些是看法，但很多是现实”？A. Some peoples complaints about air service are rather subjective, but most peoples are fairly objective. A. 有些人对航空服务的抱怨比较主观，但大多数人是比较客观的。B. When people travel by air, they usually quarrel, which is a fact passengers all see. B. 当人们乘飞机旅行时，他们经常吵架，这是乘客们都能看到的事实。C. Some people take a biased view on air service because they dont see facts. C. 有些人对航空服务有偏见，因为他们看不到事实。D. Most people saw facts, but a few people failed. D. 大多数人看到了事实，但少数人没看到。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题